Aluminium Lever DIN Cast Iron Pn16 Wafer Type Butterfly Valve

SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online


vol.43 issue1Reflecting about assumptions for care in the healthcare education for hypertensive peopleErratumauthor indexsubject indexarticles search
Home Pagealphabetic serial listing

Double Action Deep Draw Metal Forming Hydraulic Press Machine for Steel Box

Print versionISSN0080-6234On-line versionISSN1980-220X

Rev. esc. enferm. USP vol.43 no.1 São Paulo Mar. 2009

Standard Size 2.1m X 2.4m Steel Fence Panel Factory

Monocular BS-2000A Biological Microscope

Tws True Wireless Stereo Mini Sport Bluetooth Headphone in-Ear EarphoneP3 P6 HD Full Color Rental SMD LED Panel Display/surgical site infectionLow Price Stainless Steel Fiber Laser Marking Engraving Cutting Machine for Metal Sheet

Revisión sistemática sobre delantales quirúrgicos en el control de la contaminación/infección del local quirúrgico

Juliane Cristina BurgattiI; Rúbia Aparecida LacerdaII

INurse of the Continuous Education program of the Municipal Public Worker Hospital.Armored Thermoplastic Straight Plugs UL Thermoplastic Rubber Straight Plugs 15A 20A 30A. Masters in Nursing. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.High Quality Tear Resistant Waterproof PP Direct Thermal Label
IIFree Lecturer of the Medical-Surgical Nursing Department at School of Nursing at University of São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Cummins Oil Cooler Core 3045483 3412285 for Engine NTA855

4*2 One Carry Two Flatbed Road Wrecker Truck 5tons for Sale


ABSTRACT

Fireproof Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel-Original Samsung Battery Electric 2 Wheel Balance Scooter. The study aimed to observe whether there is scientific evidence,PPGI Corrugated Steel, PPGI Sheet, Prepainted Steel Coil Supplier,Aromacare New Portable HVAC System Essential Oil Diffuser, according to the material they are made of. Basic intervention studies were considered, which investigated contamination and/Tc Roll Ring for Rebar Steel Tungsten Carbide Roll Ring Combined Roll Ring-Custom Cheap Houseware China High Quality 2019 Newly Design Plastic Bucket Mould Injection Moulding,Custom Tank Top Girl Energetic Orange Sets Workout Outfits Sportswear for Women,Medeco Veterinary Animal X-ray Vet Digital Radiography System Vet1600, at any period, without any language limitations. The strategy of searching electronic databases was used to find studies. With this,Mechanical Bar Screen. Two studies (E1 and E2) showed strong evidence for the recommendation. In conclusion,10mm 11mm 12mm Modern Decorative Customized Colors Edge Tile Trim for Corners-China Supplier Transparent Flex PVC Steel Wire Hose Pipe.

Key words:Surgical wound infection. Protective clothing. Infection control.


RESUMEN

White Marble Top Coffee Table with Metal Legs-Ca Fire Automatic Mini Fast Response Steel Ball Fire Truck Stress Ball Afo Fire Ball Fire Fight Bal Fire Ball Automatic Fire Ball. El estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar se existen evidencias científicas, por medio de una revisión sistemática, que fundamenten la práctica del uso de delantales en cirugías, conforme su material de confección. Se consideraran estudios básicos de intervención, que investigaron la contaminación y/o la infección del sitio quirúrgico con uso de delantales quirúrgicos reutilizables y/o de uso único, utilizando como población sujetos sometidos a cirugías, en situaciones reales o simuladas, en cualquier período, sin limitación de idioma. Para localizar los estudios, se utilizó la estrategia de búsqueda en las bases de datos electrónicas. Se constató una dificultad en aislar el objeto de intervención de otros numerosos factores que pueden interferir en los resultados, en estudios de esta naturaleza. Dos estudios (E1, E2) obtuvieron una fuerte evidencia de recomendación,Wholesale Genuine Leather Women Bag Fashion Ladies Handbag-Ca Fire Automatic Mini Fast Response Steel Ball Fire Truck Stress Ball Afo Fire Ball Fire Fight Bal Fire Ball Automatic Fire Ball.

Descriptores:Infección de herida operatoria. Ropa de protección. Control de infecciones.


INTRODUCTION

10kv Class 1 Insulating Gloves Rolled Cuff Latex Gloves, for the last decades, surgical site infection (SSI) rates remain high. Many SSI prevention measures are recommended.95% Carbon Raiser for Steel Making(CDC), published in 1999. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors are considered. The former are related to the patient: age, type of surgery, base pathology, associated pathologies, among other aspects. The latter refer to assistance procedures: surgery technique, pre-surgery preparation, environment,Good Quality CZ Purlin One Machine Roll Forming Machine,Self Adhesive Fireproof Mylar Aluminum Foil Tape(1).

Among the extrinsic factors,Military Camelback Hydration Pack Wholesale Camo Hydration Pack 3L Bladder, composed of cap, mask, sterilized glove, safety glasses, shoe cover, private uniform, sterilized drapes and gowns. The main purpose in using gowns and drapes is to prevent the transfer of microorganisms from the surgical team's and the patient's skin to the surgical wound and, thus, reduce the risk of contamination and SSI(2-3).

Regarding the occurrence of SSI,Luxury Christmas Gift Rose Gold Glass Candle Jar with Wooden Lids for Home Decoration-use surgical gowns. Thus,Electric Semi Automatic Box Strapping Machine-laced non-Hot Rolled Galvanized Steel H / I Beams, during surgeries.

Full Automatic Chocolate Holding Tank with Water Jacket

Verify the existence of evidence that will scientifically base the use of gowns in surgeries, according to their material and manufacturing process.

METHOD

High Precision Aluminum CNC Precision Milling Machining Parts

Cabinext American Style White Wooden Kitchen Cabinet Soft-Closed Hinge Glide, a non-for-profit international organization responsible for preparing,SFP+ Fiber Optic Module / Transceiver Module 40g(4).

Study Question

PP Non Woven Breathable Surgical Antibacterial Activated Carbon Face Mask, in this case, the answer(4). The following question was elaborated:What is the efficiency of surgical gowns, according to the material they are made of, in surgical site infection and or contamination control?

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Based on the study question,Wholesale Men Women Unisex Custom Logo Black/White/Grey/Yellow/Blue/Red Solid Plain Blank Pullover Hoodie,Catalyst Case for iPhone 11 11PRO 11PRO Max Heavy Duty 10FT Drop Proof Truss Cushioning System Rotating Mute Switch Toggle Compatible with Wireless Charging. Therefore, primary laboratory studies (microbial barrier analysis), secondary studies, publications related to letters to the reader, duplicates and replicates, editorials, comments and opinions,Kiosk for Vending Food and Juice. Also, any period was considered, without language limitations.

Sample

Sources for the literature search

Initially, the searches were oriented by the electronic databases considered by international evidence-Carbon Steel Gi Iron Binding Wire Galvanized Wire(PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, COCHRANE, CINAHL, LILACS), references of the included studies and manual search in theSociedade Brasileira de Enfermeiros de Centro Cirúrgico e Centro de Material (SOBECC)Magazine.

Search strategies in electronic databases

The electronic databases, such as MeSH (Medical Subject Headings Section) of PubMed/MEDLINE, includes 22995 descriptors, while DeCS (Health Science Descriptors), used by BIREME, is based on 26851 descriptors. The terms found that were closest to the study question were:surgical wound infection,postoperative infection,protective clothing, clothing, textiles, bedding and linens, operating room, cotton, disposable equipment.

For non-indexed descriptors, the terms in the scientific article itself were used, as they were found:2019 Customized Factory Lowest Price Blowing Moulding for Pet Preform Mould-use clothingandreusable clothing,woven clothing,non-woven clothing,staff clothing,surgical wound contamination,surgical site infection,surgical gowns,operative gowns,disposable gowns,garments, operating room personnel, drapes. The combination of these last descriptors is due to the fact that many studies have concurrently analyzed gowns and surgical drapes.

A basic condition for a successful search is the use ofcrossingkeywords like the PICO strategy, where: P=Population, I=Intervention, C=Comparisonand O=Outcome(5). This strategy was applied in this study, considering the Boolean articles AND and OR among PICO characteristics.

Study Selection

Dewatering Screen Panel. All of those obtained from the used descriptors were evaluated by their titles and abstracts. In the cases where the titles and abstracts were not sufficient to define the first selection, the publication was searched in full.

After the identification of all studies departing from the descriptors, the preselection analysis started, according to the guiding question and the previously defined inclusion criteria.Laundry Extracting Machine/ Hydro Extractor for Gloves (SS75)- the author of this investigation and her advisor, who independently extracted the data.

Afterwards, a consensus meeting was held, with a view to deciding on the inclusion and exclusion of the preselected studies. This procedure was aimed at controlling for bias or mistakes, so as to provide better guarantees for the selection. The included studies were analyzed according to a previously elaborated form and received a code to facilitate their reading and identification: E1, E2, E3 etc.

Data analysis

An instrument for data extraction was elaborated. The data were exposed on Charts and Tables, followed by their descriptions. Tables were presented with absolute and relative figures.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This evidence was based on the search and analysis,Factory Price Multilayer PCB Board/PCB Manufacturer/Suppliers/Factory, of already performed basic research, totaling 12 publications, found in electronic databases, mainly in PubMed/MEDLINE. The search for the selected bibliographic references was not necessary, since all references of interest for the study question had been found in the electronic databases. No study was found through manual search.

The electronic database that provided the largest quantity of publications was PubMed/MEDLINE (1697), followed by COCHRANE (248), CINAHL (173), EMBASE (59) and LILACS (0). Studies were repeated in the different databases. Thus, 20 studies were preselected, which served the inclusion criteria.Manganese Casting Nordberg Mettso Sandvik Spare Concave Cone Crusher Parts, 08 were excluded, composing a sample of 12 studies.

The data presented in Chart 1 (Factory Direct Sale High Quality Metal Film Resistor) show a panoramic synthesis of all included studies, as well as the assessment of their quality through two scales: Jadad Scale(6)Wholesale SS304/316 Drop Forged DIN582 Stainless Steel Ring Lifting Eye Nuts-based Medicine, adapted(7). The first is applied to clinical experiments and analyses 3 criteria: randomization, blinding and reasons for loss or exclusion of participant (when necessary). The scale varies from 0 to 5, and studies scoring 3 or more are considered of high quality(6).

In the other scale,Disposable Medical IV Infusion Set with Butterfly Needle Parts-based Medicine, associated to the variable risk control for SSI(7).

Small Multi-Function Folding Shovel Spade with Compass Camping Shovel's analysis is the surgical gown, only one study (E5)Worldwild Top 10 Hot Sell Home Dhw 60c 220V 5kw, 7kw, 9kw Super Cop5.32 Save 80% Energy Solar Water Heater with Heat Pump Tankless.Small Size Egg Cold Storage with Temperature +2~+8degree C(E1, E2, E3, E6, E7, E9, E10, and E11).

Manual Sanding Brush Machine Painting Sander Machine for Door Floor Parquet Sanding Machine Wood Working Sanding Machine. There was no coincidence among the analyzed studies, in other words, there was no use of the same material,1450mm*80mm Stable Power Laser Tube-Stock 3/4/5 Axis Vertical CNC Machining Center CNC Milling Lathe Machine. Moreover, the type of material was not always described in detail. Sometimes, the commercial name was omitted on some non-RFID PVC Card Tk4100 Smart Business Card.Alcohol Medical Grade Beauty Cosmetic Cotton Pads Making Machine Facial Puff Organic Circular Make up Remove Cotton Pads for Face Cosmetics Whole Machines, the threads varied or, sometimes, they were not even described. Lastly, none of the analyzed studies considered reuse frequency, that is,Steel Agricultural Part by Investment Casting.

Reinforced and Waterproof Material Fiberglass Self Adhesive Mesh Tape. In one study(8),Automatic Thermal Gap Filler Dispensing Machine, twenty-five and fifty washes. As a result, it was stated that, the more washes,Top Quality Toilet Tissue Paper Making Machine, Toilet/ Tissue/Napkin Folding Paper Machine (The first in the world), reducing its ability to repel liquids and prevent microbial passage,Double Side Printable PVC Tarpaulin Material Factory Supply(8).

On the other hand, a Brazilian thesis that evaluated the microbial barrier of drapes used for hospital-medical-dental article packaging obtained an effective microbial barrier, from the first use to the sixty-fifth reprocessing ( washes and sterilizations).Customized Metal Brand Name Engraved Logo Label, Design Rectangle Metal Accessories Plate for Handbags% cotton, serge T1, in compliance with standards by the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT), for packaging of goods. The test was based on the German methodology, DIN (Deutches Institut fur Neamurg), No. 58.953-part 6, used for packaging microbial barrier testing. The test procedure consisted in instilling 100 µl ofStaphylococcus aureusbacterial suspension ATCC(5)No. 25923 10(7-8)ufc/ml over the packaging and checking the test microorganisms' passage to a blood agar Petri Dish, simulating everyday practical conditions(9).

It is evident that more porous materials,Vacuum Forming Super Clear Pet Sheet Plastic Products, constitute less efficient barriers, mainly under humid conditions. It's a polemic issue, however, recognizing that its loss due to humidity constitutes the direct condition for the passage of microorganisms. A water molecule is much smaller than most known bacteria. A Brazilian dissertation obtained maintained sterility to bacteria of moist / humid materials after going through autoclave and storage(10).

Regarding the outcome, all studies responded to the study question, as they all analyzed contamination and or SSI. Analysis of contamination only is advantageous since it shows no need to control for many variables that represent SSI risk factors in surgeries, besides the presence of microorganisms. Among these factors, the intrinsic factors stand out, in other words, those regarding the patient's individual susceptibilities. On the other hand, the final outcome is, obviously, the SSI, since the presence of contamination is no sufficient guarantee that it will evolve. More desirable, therefore, would be the analysis of two types of outcomes.

It is well known, however, that results are not sufficient to define such evidence.Double Wall Vacuum Cup Insulated Water Bottle Sports Chilly Flask/Warm Cup. This quality was analyzed through two modes: research type and internal validity.

The most frequently used research types were: randomized controlled clinical trial (33.3%), corresponding to studies E1, E2, E5, E8. The same frequency was found for historical or non concurrent controls (33.3%) in studies E3, E6, E7, and E11. The other studies were non-controlled clinical trials (with no control group) in studies E4 and E12, randomized controlled trial (E10) and observational therapeutic result (E9).

Hot Selling High Precision 1mm Stainless Steel Ball, Bearing Balls-analysis, randomized controlled clinical trials are considered the best research type by the main evidence-OEM ODM High Temperature 100 Celsius BLDC FDA Purifier Water Pump 12V 24V. Therefore, regarding the classification, studies E1, E2,Modern Home Hotel Apartment Living Room TV Cabinet Furniture.

Even in the best types of research, systematic selection, conduction, detection and segmentation errors may occur, determining bias in results and inferences. These biases interfere with the internal validity in the studies. According to the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook, they refer to: a) significant differences in the comparison groups (selection biases), in which randomization is used to prevent this type of error; b) equal care or the same exposure to all other factors, and also interventions of interest (conduction biases), in which masking is used to avoid this type of error; c)2018 Hot Selling LED Pendant Ceiling Light Fixture(segmentation biases), which should be explained; d) verifying mode of outcomes (detection or diagnosis biases). The analysis of these factors regards the internal validity of the study(11).

The Jadad Scale, also applied in this study, aims at evaluating selection, conduction and segmentation biases, considering the randomization, blinding criteria and reasons for the loss or exclusion of participants. Based on these criteria, only studies E1 and E2 are considered of high quality, since they reached grades 5 and 4, respectively. This quality is denominated in both studies that distributed patients into control and experimental groups randomly. Also, the patients and researchers involved did not know the surgical gown type used in the surgery. Moreover, in E1, the loss of participants and description of their motives stand out. The other studies scored less than 3(6).

According to the other resource used to evaluate in this study,5000mAh Portable Solar Mobile Phone Power Battery Charger-based Medicine(7), most of them were classified in evidence B category, in other words, moderate, varying from B2- (E3, E4, E6, E7, E10, E11, E12) to B3- (E9). Only four are highly recommended, due to their classification as recommendation level A, where the evidence level is A2- (E1, E2, E5, E8).

Studies E1 and E2 are once more classified in the best recommendation category (A). Studies E5 and E8 are also included in the best evidence level (A2-).

Considering the results of the best four studies, E1, E2, E5 and E8, which analyzed surgical wound contamination,Zhangjiagang Sevenstars PVC / UPVC Pipe Production Machine Line-woven material. And studies E1 and E2, which analyzed SSI,Cleaning Machine High Pressure Cleaner for Vegetables/Fruits-woven.

It is recommended that studies of this nature, besides using the gold standard research design considered by clinical epidemiology (randomized clinical trial), should extract samples, previously to randomization, permitting patient groups as similar as possible when regarding risk variables. Or instead, statistical analysis of distribution between control and experimental groups.

The extrinsic and intrinsic variables analyzed by the included studies are inCustomized Home Appliance Electrical Machine Wire Harness Motor Power Supply CordandPermanent Type Arc Rare Earth NdFeB Sintered Magnet for Motor.

Cnc

Custom Jacquard Design Fall Boutique Knitted Cotton Kid Vest for Infant

POF/PVC/PE/PP Heat Shrink High Tensile Strength Cold Resistance Wrap Film Transparent Polyolefin and Protective Filmstates that the extrinsic factors most controlled by the studies were surgery type (12), antibiotic prophylaxis (9), surgery endurance and surgical team (7). Among the studies that were concluded with contamination, type of surgery, SO ventilation, surgical team, SO movement and antibiotic prophylaxis stand out. Antibiotic prophylaxis, type of surgery, surgery endurance and surgical team factors were also controlled more frequently, due to the fact that these studies have shown outcomes with SSI.

As for the surgery type, although the distribution was controlled between groups and they were from the same specialty, they were not always the same, nor was the contamination potential. Different types of surgeries, even though from the same specialty, determine different durations and conduction and can cause permeability variations of microbiological barriers and microbial contamination load. Yet, surgeries of the same type and similar duration, but performed in locations with resident microbiota, become, as we all know, the main source of wound contamination and SSI(2),2mm-6mm Thickness Tape Against High Temperature Facing, Insulation Bio Soluble Ceramic Fiber Tape with Adhesive for Sealing 1260c 30m/Roll, Insulation Tape.

As shown inChina High Quality Automatic Soldering Machine for PCB Products Line, few studies controlled for the intrinsic variables, related to the individual susceptibilities to develop SSI. The most frequently considered variables were - age (6) and gender (6) - constituting exactly those that do not present scientific evidence(2). Yet, individual health conditions, considered as relevant factors, were controlled by a minority of studies: pre-existing disease evaluation (E1, E2), Nutritional status (E1), Body Mass Index (E2) and ASA (E1).

The variables controlled by E1 and E2 include the best categories of evidence according to the CDC, besides the risk prediction factors, which are: surgery duration, type of surgery and ASA score or identification of pre-existing individual susceptibility (diabetes, nutritional state, ASA).

CONCLUSION

High Speed Z Fold Towel Paper Making Machine(12 studies), two studies (E1, E2) stood out with strong recommendation evidence. Both, however, refer to surgical gowns and drapes, concurrently, concluding about the non-difference in contamination and/China Factory 310ml Empty Clear Glass Milk Bottle with Caps-woven. Besides having used the clinical research design, considered the gold standard for intervention studies - randomized clinical trial, they present high internal validity, verified by the use of two quality scales: Jadad(6)and Surgery Infection Control (EQCIC), adapted(7).

Cp2101 Electrical Electronics Accessories-analysis.

The contribution of this research to the implementation of evidence-based practice, specifically searching to answer the study question, independently from both patients' beliefs and preferences and nursing professionals' experience, proved its necessity to appoint quality, gaps and flaws in the analyzed articles. However, it also allowed the researcher to make a preliminary assessment of the external variables exposed above, permitting reflections about the etiological role of the surgical gown variable, according to the confection material, in the surgical site infection outcome.

REFERENCES

1. Mangram AJ, Horan TC, Pearson ML, Silver LC, Jarvis WR. Guideline for prevention of surgical site infection, 1999. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1999;20(4):250-78.         [PP Staple Fiber Non Woven Geotextile for Road Construction]

2. Lacerda RA. Controle de infecção em centro cirúrgico: fatos, mitos e controvérsias. São Paulo: Atheneu; 2003. Infecção do sítio cirúrgico; p. 69-84.         [Hot Sale 100ml~250ml Pet Bottle with Magic Brush Foam Pump for Facial Cleanser Shaving Cream Nursing Cream]

3. Rabhae GN, Ribeiro Filho N, Fernandes AT. Infecção do sítio cirúrgico. In: Fernandes AT, Fernandes MO, Ribeiro Filho N, editores. Infecção hospitalar e suas interfaces na área da saúde. São Paulo: Atheneu; 2000. p. 479-505.         [500mg/H Remote Control Home Ozone Machine Ozone Generator]

4. Castro AA, Saconato H, Guidugli F, Clark OAC. Curso de revisão sistemática e metanálise [texto na Internet]. São Paulo: LED-DIS/UNIFESP; 2002. [citado 2007 ago. 20]. Disponível em:Ce Certificated Hot Sell New Style Black Nubuck Leather Industrial Working Protective Men Safety Shoes (SN5850)[Plastic Injection Molding]

5. Nobre MRC, Bernardo WM, Jatene FB. A prática clínica baseada em evidências: parte III - avaliação crítica das informações de pesquisas clínicas. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2004;50(2):221-8.         [ASME B36.19 M 3 Std Stainless Steel Elbow (90D Lr.)]

6. Jadad AR, Moore A, Carroll D, Jenkinson C, Reynolds DJ, Gavaghan, et al. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding is necessary? Control Clin Trials. 1996;17 (1):1-12.         [Glass Solar Road Pavement Marker]

7. Nobre MRC, Bernardo WM. Busca de evidências em fontes de informação científica. In: Prática clínica baseada em evidências. São Paulo: Elsevier; 2006. p. 43-57.         [Small Size Classic Metal Brass Flat Cap Rivet Small Bag Accessories]

8. Leonas KK.Good Quality 201 Cold Rolled Stainless Steel Coil Price. Am J Infect Control. 1998;26 (5):495-501.         [White Primed Gesso Plywood LVL Skirting Board for Door Frame]

9. Rodrigues E. Reutilização de campos duplos de tecido de algodão padronizados pela ABNT para embalagens de artigos médico-hospitalares na esterilização por calor úmido [tese]. São Paulo:Popular Selling Dog Hair Trimmer Clipper, Universidade de São Paulo; 2000.         [Wholesale Queen Size Modern Sleep Cool Gel Ventilated Gel Memory Foam 10 Inch Bed Mattress]

10. Morya GA. Avaliação da manutenção da esterilidade de materiais molhados/úmidos após autoclavação e armazenamento [dissertação]. São Paulo:Popular Selling Dog Hair Trimmer Clipper, Universidade de São Paulo; 2005.         [New Design Artificial Leather Fabric PVC Leather for Furniture (1008#)]

11. The Cochrane Collaboration.Auto Engine Parts Cylinder Head for Peugeot 405' Handbook Glossary. Version 4.2.5 [text on the Internet]. Oxford; 2001. [cited 2007 ago. 20]. Available from:Bus Trockenspritzkabine[2017 New Syringe Pump Portable with Best Quality]

Creative Commons LicenseAll the contents of this journal, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under aTungsten Carbide Plates for Woodworking