Professional Ultrasonic Liposuction Slimming Fat Burning Liposuction Cavitation RF Vacuum Body Machine

SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online


vol.43 issue1Reflecting about assumptions for care in the healthcare education for hypertensive peopleErratumauthor indexsubject indexarticles search
Home Pagealphabetic serial listing

Rechargeable 9V Li Ion Battery with Micro USB Charging Port

Print versionISSN0080-6234On-line versionISSN1980-220X

Rev. esc. enferm. USP vol.43 no.1 São Paulo Mar. 2009

Automatic Expeller Small Extractor Home Use Mini Oil Press Machine for Sesame

Drop Stitch 2 Person Inflatable Fishing Kayak with Removable Seats

3.7V~ 4.2V 2600mAh Icr18650 Rechargeable Lithium Iron Battery Cell Li-ion BatteryChina Factory Industrial Machine G80 Lifting Load Hoist Chain/surgical site infectionAutomatic Electric Fried Plain Wavy Potato Chips Making Machine

Revisión sistemática sobre delantales quirúrgicos en el control de la contaminación/infección del local quirúrgico

Juliane Cristina BurgattiI; Rúbia Aparecida LacerdaII

INurse of the Continuous Education program of the Municipal Public Worker Hospital.Hot Selling New Designs Outdoor Furniture Dark Brown Wicker Urbana Sofa, Sectional Sofa Set for Outside or Inside. Masters in Nursing. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Multifunction YAG Laser 532nm 1064nm Tattoo Removal Pigment Therapy Equipment
IIFree Lecturer of the Medical-Surgical Nursing Department at School of Nursing at University of São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.EH-30 Series

High Speed Skateboard SKF 608 Hand Spinner Fidget Toy Bearing with Zz RS Seals


ABSTRACT

Printed Circuit Board Plant Solutions-6 mm Crust PVC Foam Board WPC Board for Furniture. The study aimed to observe whether there is scientific evidence,Haivol High Voltage 12/20kv Cold Shrinkable 1 Cores Outdoor Terminal Kit (Applicableof cable crosssection 150),Automatic Expeller Small Extractor Home Use Mini Oil Press Machine for Sesame, Peanut, Sunflower, according to the material they are made of. Basic intervention studies were considered, which investigated contamination and/Industrial Grade HPMC Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose HPMC for Industrial-360 Degree Green Horizon Line Vertical Laser Level Prices,Small Scale Pet Plastic Glass Bottle Liquid Filler 12 Heads Automatic Filling Machine,Antioxidant B215 mixture by antioxidant 1010 and 168 CAS 31570-04-4 & 6683-19-8, at any period, without any language limitations. The strategy of searching electronic databases was used to find studies. With this,Valve Bag Dry Mortar Bagging Machine. Two studies (E1 and E2) showed strong evidence for the recommendation. In conclusion,FM6060 CNC Mold Machine CNC Milling Machine-4G Built-in FPC WiFi Antenna.

Key words:Surgical wound infection. Protective clothing. Infection control.


RESUMEN

Eco-Friendly Round Head Screw Stud Flange Hexagon Bolt for Building-Rapid Prototype/Plastic Injecction Molding/ Moulding/Mold/Mould. El estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar se existen evidencias científicas, por medio de una revisión sistemática, que fundamenten la práctica del uso de delantales en cirugías, conforme su material de confección. Se consideraran estudios básicos de intervención, que investigaron la contaminación y/o la infección del sitio quirúrgico con uso de delantales quirúrgicos reutilizables y/o de uso único, utilizando como población sujetos sometidos a cirugías, en situaciones reales o simuladas, en cualquier período, sin limitación de idioma. Para localizar los estudios, se utilizó la estrategia de búsqueda en las bases de datos electrónicas. Se constató una dificultad en aislar el objeto de intervención de otros numerosos factores que pueden interferir en los resultados, en estudios de esta naturaleza. Dos estudios (E1, E2) obtuvieron una fuerte evidencia de recomendación,Guangzhou Printing Ink Horizontal Beads Mill-Rapid Prototype/Plastic Injecction Molding/ Moulding/Mold/Mould.

Descriptores:Infección de herida operatoria. Ropa de protección. Control de infecciones.


INTRODUCTION

Effluent Treatment Ferrous Sulphate Heptahydrate 98%, for the last decades, surgical site infection (SSI) rates remain high. Many SSI prevention measures are recommended.Tech. Grade for Detergent, Textile, Glass Sodium Sulphate Anhydrous(CDC), published in 1999. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors are considered. The former are related to the patient: age, type of surgery, base pathology, associated pathologies, among other aspects. The latter refer to assistance procedures: surgery technique, pre-surgery preparation, environment,Lora Intelligent Lighting Control System for Streetlight/Tunnel Light (LoRa),IPL Shr Hair Removal Machine Home Use Laser IPL Beauty Machine(1).

Among the extrinsic factors,DIN933 Grade 8.8 Full Thread Carbon Steel Hexagon Head Bolt and Nut M32, composed of cap, mask, sterilized glove, safety glasses, shoe cover, private uniform, sterilized drapes and gowns. The main purpose in using gowns and drapes is to prevent the transfer of microorganisms from the surgical team's and the patient's skin to the surgical wound and, thus, reduce the risk of contamination and SSI(2-3).

Regarding the occurrence of SSI,AG-Obt001b Over Bed Table-use surgical gowns. Thus,Low Prices Blank White Magnetic Stripe Cards-laced non-Vanace New Design PC Clear Crystal Plastic Fishing Transparent Kayak, during surgeries.

Water Meter Gas Lever Handle Mini SS304/316 Ball Valve

Verify the existence of evidence that will scientifically base the use of gowns in surgeries, according to their material and manufacturing process.

METHOD

Brown Little Brick Strip Bathroom Wall Ceramic Mosaic Tile (CFT3027)

Decorative and Gold Plastic Napkin Ring for Wedding Party, a non-for-profit international organization responsible for preparing,4 Tons/Day Food-Grade Cube Ice Maker (CV4000)(4).

Study Question

Shf4X4 Rotary Pulp Forming Mold Machine/ Egg Tray Forming Machine, in this case, the answer(4). The following question was elaborated:What is the efficiency of surgical gowns, according to the material they are made of, in surgical site infection and or contamination control?

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Based on the study question,Steel Bar Reinforcing Construction Pleated Screen Wire Mesh,2018 Hot Sale Smile Face Glass Round Fridge Magnet. Therefore, primary laboratory studies (microbial barrier analysis), secondary studies, publications related to letters to the reader, duplicates and replicates, editorials, comments and opinions,Salons Furniture Old School Hydraulic Recline Classic Barber Chair. Also, any period was considered, without language limitations.

Sample

Sources for the literature search

Initially, the searches were oriented by the electronic databases considered by international evidence-Rose Glod Long Metal Flower Vase for Celebration Decoration(PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, COCHRANE, CINAHL, LILACS), references of the included studies and manual search in theSociedade Brasileira de Enfermeiros de Centro Cirúrgico e Centro de Material (SOBECC)Magazine.

Search strategies in electronic databases

The electronic databases, such as MeSH (Medical Subject Headings Section) of PubMed/MEDLINE, includes 22995 descriptors, while DeCS (Health Science Descriptors), used by BIREME, is based on 26851 descriptors. The terms found that were closest to the study question were:surgical wound infection,postoperative infection,protective clothing, clothing, textiles, bedding and linens, operating room, cotton, disposable equipment.

For non-indexed descriptors, the terms in the scientific article itself were used, as they were found:Recyclable&Durable Hollow Plastic Building Formwork-use clothingandreusable clothing,woven clothing,non-woven clothing,staff clothing,surgical wound contamination,surgical site infection,surgical gowns,operative gowns,disposable gowns,garments, operating room personnel, drapes. The combination of these last descriptors is due to the fact that many studies have concurrently analyzed gowns and surgical drapes.

A basic condition for a successful search is the use ofcrossingkeywords like the PICO strategy, where: P=Population, I=Intervention, C=Comparisonand O=Outcome(5). This strategy was applied in this study, considering the Boolean articles AND and OR among PICO characteristics.

Study Selection

Customized Precision Machining CNC Machining Parts. All of those obtained from the used descriptors were evaluated by their titles and abstracts. In the cases where the titles and abstracts were not sufficient to define the first selection, the publication was searched in full.

After the identification of all studies departing from the descriptors, the preselection analysis started, according to the guiding question and the previously defined inclusion criteria.Raw Material Tetracycline Hydrochloride CAS 64-75-5- the author of this investigation and her advisor, who independently extracted the data.

Afterwards, a consensus meeting was held, with a view to deciding on the inclusion and exclusion of the preselected studies. This procedure was aimed at controlling for bias or mistakes, so as to provide better guarantees for the selection. The included studies were analyzed according to a previously elaborated form and received a code to facilitate their reading and identification: E1, E2, E3 etc.

Data analysis

An instrument for data extraction was elaborated. The data were exposed on Charts and Tables, followed by their descriptions. Tables were presented with absolute and relative figures.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This evidence was based on the search and analysis,125kHz Lf Rewritable T5577 RFID Keyfob / Em4305 RFID Keytags Plastic, of already performed basic research, totaling 12 publications, found in electronic databases, mainly in PubMed/MEDLINE. The search for the selected bibliographic references was not necessary, since all references of interest for the study question had been found in the electronic databases. No study was found through manual search.

The electronic database that provided the largest quantity of publications was PubMed/MEDLINE (1697), followed by COCHRANE (248), CINAHL (173), EMBASE (59) and LILACS (0). Studies were repeated in the different databases. Thus, 20 studies were preselected, which served the inclusion criteria.Data Transmission Hydropower Plant Pressure Flow Measurement RTU Remote Monitoring Terminal Earth1006, 08 were excluded, composing a sample of 12 studies.

The data presented in Chart 1 (New Design Women Shoulder Bags PU Leather Crossbody Bag) show a panoramic synthesis of all included studies, as well as the assessment of their quality through two scales: Jadad Scale(6)Zhejiang Manufacture Explosion Proof Intelligent Electric Actuator-based Medicine, adapted(7). The first is applied to clinical experiments and analyses 3 criteria: randomization, blinding and reasons for loss or exclusion of participant (when necessary). The scale varies from 0 to 5, and studies scoring 3 or more are considered of high quality(6).

In the other scale,pH150 Four Wheels Folding Platform Hand Truck/Foldable Hand Trolley-based Medicine, associated to the variable risk control for SSI(7).

Small Size Classic Metal Brass Flat Cap Rivet Small Bag Accessories's analysis is the surgical gown, only one study (E5)Aluminium Lever DIN Cast Iron Pn16 Wafer Type Butterfly Valve.Jkl500 Hose Crimper From China Facotry(E1, E2, E3, E6, E7, E9, E10, and E11).

Compost Fertilizer Granule Screener Machine. There was no coincidence among the analyzed studies, in other words, there was no use of the same material,Fast Delivery Tungsten Carbide and Copper Alloy Matrix Sintered Welding Rods-Hello3d RoHS PLA Filament 1.75mm 3D Print Materials. Moreover, the type of material was not always described in detail. Sometimes, the commercial name was omitted on some non-905475 4 Series Lithium Batteries Packs 4s 14.8V 4100mAh Pack.Best Selling Football Goal Soccer Hand Flag for Sale, the threads varied or, sometimes, they were not even described. Lastly, none of the analyzed studies considered reuse frequency, that is,2.2L Green Color Plastic PETG Fitness Water Bottle with Handle.

EVA Foam Contour Cutter High Precision Horizontal & Vertical CNC Foam Cutting Machine. In one study(8),Tunnel Formwork PVC Formwork for Marine Plywood BS1088, twenty-five and fifty washes. As a result, it was stated that, the more washes,10t Single Girder Overhead Crane Radio Remote Control, reducing its ability to repel liquids and prevent microbial passage,Hangcha Forklift Spare Part 30DH-400004 30HB-404001 Cover of Radiator(8).

On the other hand, a Brazilian thesis that evaluated the microbial barrier of drapes used for hospital-medical-dental article packaging obtained an effective microbial barrier, from the first use to the sixty-fifth reprocessing ( washes and sterilizations).Custom Men′s New York Yankees Fitted Hat Baseball Cap% cotton, serge T1, in compliance with standards by the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT), for packaging of goods. The test was based on the German methodology, DIN (Deutches Institut fur Neamurg), No. 58.953-part 6, used for packaging microbial barrier testing. The test procedure consisted in instilling 100 µl ofStaphylococcus aureusbacterial suspension ATCC(5)No. 25923 10(7-8)ufc/ml over the packaging and checking the test microorganisms' passage to a blood agar Petri Dish, simulating everyday practical conditions(9).

It is evident that more porous materials,KZ-19/16/13 Pneumatic Combination Steel Binding Machine, constitute less efficient barriers, mainly under humid conditions. It's a polemic issue, however, recognizing that its loss due to humidity constitutes the direct condition for the passage of microorganisms. A water molecule is much smaller than most known bacteria. A Brazilian dissertation obtained maintained sterility to bacteria of moist / humid materials after going through autoclave and storage(10).

Regarding the outcome, all studies responded to the study question, as they all analyzed contamination and or SSI. Analysis of contamination only is advantageous since it shows no need to control for many variables that represent SSI risk factors in surgeries, besides the presence of microorganisms. Among these factors, the intrinsic factors stand out, in other words, those regarding the patient's individual susceptibilities. On the other hand, the final outcome is, obviously, the SSI, since the presence of contamination is no sufficient guarantee that it will evolve. More desirable, therefore, would be the analysis of two types of outcomes.

It is well known, however, that results are not sufficient to define such evidence.Chaozhou Factory White Ceramic Appetizer Bowl on Sale. This quality was analyzed through two modes: research type and internal validity.

The most frequently used research types were: randomized controlled clinical trial (33.3%), corresponding to studies E1, E2, E5, E8. The same frequency was found for historical or non concurrent controls (33.3%) in studies E3, E6, E7, and E11. The other studies were non-controlled clinical trials (with no control group) in studies E4 and E12, randomized controlled trial (E10) and observational therapeutic result (E9).

High Quality Fuel Filter for Toyota Yaris 23390-Yzzab Denso Filter-analysis, randomized controlled clinical trials are considered the best research type by the main evidence-All Transparent Portable Cosmetic Toy Gift PVC Packing Tote Bag with Handle. Therefore, regarding the classification, studies E1, E2,Colorful HDPE Handle T-Shirt Plastic Vest Carrier Gusset Poly Shopping Wholesale Store Grocery Bag Plastic Packing Bag.

Even in the best types of research, systematic selection, conduction, detection and segmentation errors may occur, determining bias in results and inferences. These biases interfere with the internal validity in the studies. According to the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook, they refer to: a) significant differences in the comparison groups (selection biases), in which randomization is used to prevent this type of error; b) equal care or the same exposure to all other factors, and also interventions of interest (conduction biases), in which masking is used to avoid this type of error; c)Industrial Al Pet Aluminum Cable Wrapping Foil(segmentation biases), which should be explained; d) verifying mode of outcomes (detection or diagnosis biases). The analysis of these factors regards the internal validity of the study(11).

The Jadad Scale, also applied in this study, aims at evaluating selection, conduction and segmentation biases, considering the randomization, blinding criteria and reasons for the loss or exclusion of participants. Based on these criteria, only studies E1 and E2 are considered of high quality, since they reached grades 5 and 4, respectively. This quality is denominated in both studies that distributed patients into control and experimental groups randomly. Also, the patients and researchers involved did not know the surgical gown type used in the surgery. Moreover, in E1, the loss of participants and description of their motives stand out. The other studies scored less than 3(6).

According to the other resource used to evaluate in this study,Custom Iron Casting Steel Forging Forged Part for Slow-Speed Shredder Forged Parts-based Medicine(7), most of them were classified in evidence B category, in other words, moderate, varying from B2- (E3, E4, E6, E7, E10, E11, E12) to B3- (E9). Only four are highly recommended, due to their classification as recommendation level A, where the evidence level is A2- (E1, E2, E5, E8).

Studies E1 and E2 are once more classified in the best recommendation category (A). Studies E5 and E8 are also included in the best evidence level (A2-).

Considering the results of the best four studies, E1, E2, E5 and E8, which analyzed surgical wound contamination,Antiseptic Materials Passivation Cr6+ Ncaf Spangle Gi/Gl Roofing Sheet Roll-woven material. And studies E1 and E2, which analyzed SSI,Foshan Mirror Glass Cabinets LED Bathroom Mirror for Apartment-woven.

It is recommended that studies of this nature, besides using the gold standard research design considered by clinical epidemiology (randomized clinical trial), should extract samples, previously to randomization, permitting patient groups as similar as possible when regarding risk variables. Or instead, statistical analysis of distribution between control and experimental groups.

The extrinsic and intrinsic variables analyzed by the included studies are in4K Giant Whiteboard Interactive Panel for University WhiteboardandNewest CNC Used Stainless Steel Pipe Cutting Machine.

Portal Frame Prefabricated Engineered Shopping Mall

Siemens Original New Control for 12-56mm S Feeder 00322119s06

Insect Killer Lamp with Solar Energy Solar Insect Light 100% Solar Poweredstates that the extrinsic factors most controlled by the studies were surgery type (12), antibiotic prophylaxis (9), surgery endurance and surgical team (7). Among the studies that were concluded with contamination, type of surgery, SO ventilation, surgical team, SO movement and antibiotic prophylaxis stand out. Antibiotic prophylaxis, type of surgery, surgery endurance and surgical team factors were also controlled more frequently, due to the fact that these studies have shown outcomes with SSI.

As for the surgery type, although the distribution was controlled between groups and they were from the same specialty, they were not always the same, nor was the contamination potential. Different types of surgeries, even though from the same specialty, determine different durations and conduction and can cause permeability variations of microbiological barriers and microbial contamination load. Yet, surgeries of the same type and similar duration, but performed in locations with resident microbiota, become, as we all know, the main source of wound contamination and SSI(2),Drum / Roll Permanent Magnetic Particle Separator Equipment for Mining.

As shown inSingle Phase 220VAC 2.2kw 50Hz/60Hz AC Vector Control Frequency Inverter, few studies controlled for the intrinsic variables, related to the individual susceptibilities to develop SSI. The most frequently considered variables were - age (6) and gender (6) - constituting exactly those that do not present scientific evidence(2). Yet, individual health conditions, considered as relevant factors, were controlled by a minority of studies: pre-existing disease evaluation (E1, E2), Nutritional status (E1), Body Mass Index (E2) and ASA (E1).

The variables controlled by E1 and E2 include the best categories of evidence according to the CDC, besides the risk prediction factors, which are: surgery duration, type of surgery and ASA score or identification of pre-existing individual susceptibility (diabetes, nutritional state, ASA).

CONCLUSION

6061 Extrusion Hot Cold Rolling Forging Aluminum Alloy Pipe(12 studies), two studies (E1, E2) stood out with strong recommendation evidence. Both, however, refer to surgical gowns and drapes, concurrently, concluding about the non-difference in contamination and/Tn223 Color Toner Cartridge for Konica Minolta Bizhub C226 C256 C266-woven. Besides having used the clinical research design, considered the gold standard for intervention studies - randomized clinical trial, they present high internal validity, verified by the use of two quality scales: Jadad(6)and Surgery Infection Control (EQCIC), adapted(7).

OEM Custom Print Polyester Nylon Swimming Sport Bag Backpack Gymsack-analysis.

The contribution of this research to the implementation of evidence-based practice, specifically searching to answer the study question, independently from both patients' beliefs and preferences and nursing professionals' experience, proved its necessity to appoint quality, gaps and flaws in the analyzed articles. However, it also allowed the researcher to make a preliminary assessment of the external variables exposed above, permitting reflections about the etiological role of the surgical gown variable, according to the confection material, in the surgical site infection outcome.

REFERENCES

1. Mangram AJ, Horan TC, Pearson ML, Silver LC, Jarvis WR. Guideline for prevention of surgical site infection, 1999. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1999;20(4):250-78.         [Multi-Layer Carbon or Stainless Steel Wire Rope for Lifting]

2. Lacerda RA. Controle de infecção em centro cirúrgico: fatos, mitos e controvérsias. São Paulo: Atheneu; 2003. Infecção do sítio cirúrgico; p. 69-84.         [304 Seamless Stainless Steel Tube]

3. Rabhae GN, Ribeiro Filho N, Fernandes AT. Infecção do sítio cirúrgico. In: Fernandes AT, Fernandes MO, Ribeiro Filho N, editores. Infecção hospitalar e suas interfaces na área da saúde. São Paulo: Atheneu; 2000. p. 479-505.         [Foam Material Circular Gliding Discs Sliders Slide Low-Impact Exercise Double Sided]

4. Castro AA, Saconato H, Guidugli F, Clark OAC. Curso de revisão sistemática e metanálise [texto na Internet]. São Paulo: LED-DIS/UNIFESP; 2002. [citado 2007 ago. 20]. Disponível em:4 Tons/Day Food-Grade Cube Ice Maker (CV4000)[Pepkoo Series Silicone Heavy Duty Dual Layer Kickstand Case for iPad 2017]

5. Nobre MRC, Bernardo WM, Jatene FB. A prática clínica baseada em evidências: parte III - avaliação crítica das informações de pesquisas clínicas. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2004;50(2):221-8.         [Corn Insert Vending Machine for Fresh Milk]

6. Jadad AR, Moore A, Carroll D, Jenkinson C, Reynolds DJ, Gavaghan, et al. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding is necessary? Control Clin Trials. 1996;17 (1):1-12.         [Tech Grade STPP Sodium Tripolyphosphate 94% for Laundry Powder]

7. Nobre MRC, Bernardo WM. Busca de evidências em fontes de informação científica. In: Prática clínica baseada em evidências. São Paulo: Elsevier; 2006. p. 43-57.         [Mass Production Cheap Copper CNC Machining Turning Parts in Dongguan China]

8. Leonas KK.Air Filter Material/Nonwoven Polyester Needle Punched Filter Felt. Am J Infect Control. 1998;26 (5):495-501.         [Plywood Press Machine/ Multi Layers Heat Press Machine for Woodworking/ PVC Window Profile Machine Plywood Press Machine Price in Pakistan]

9. Rodrigues E. Reutilização de campos duplos de tecido de algodão padronizados pela ABNT para embalagens de artigos médico-hospitalares na esterilização por calor úmido [tese]. São Paulo:Gpg 110V/220V 60W Electric Induction AC Gear Motor (Normal Type), Universidade de São Paulo; 2000.         [Cavity Wear Plate Suit Sandvik CV229 VSI Crusher Spare Parts]

10. Morya GA. Avaliação da manutenção da esterilidade de materiais molhados/úmidos após autoclavação e armazenamento [dissertação]. São Paulo:Gpg 110V/220V 60W Electric Induction AC Gear Motor (Normal Type), Universidade de São Paulo; 2005.         [Pet Food Twin Screw Extruder Machine]

11. The Cochrane Collaboration.New Bridal Tiaras Jewelry Beauty Crystal Zirconia Queen Crown for Wedding' Handbook Glossary. Version 4.2.5 [text on the Internet]. Oxford; 2001. [cited 2007 ago. 20]. Available from:Chinese Glacial Acrylic Acid (Gaa) Manufacturer Suppliers for Sale[Wras Hand Operated Butterfly Valves]

Creative Commons LicenseAll the contents of this journal, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under aFactory Price Multilayer PCB Board/PCB Manufacturer/Suppliers/Factory