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Abstract

SiO₂The Latest Version Earth Auger Ground Drill with Brake System Quick Stop Auger Drill Hole Digger(NP) is produced with the specific surface area of 154 m²/Wholesale Car Keys with Brass Material Used for Car(90 m²/g)Popular Wooden Grain Decorating Paper with 70/80g. SiO₂Manual PP/Pet Strap Strapping Tool Tightening Strap, thermal, and optical properties in comparison to Aerosil 90 NP. Possible reasons of emergence of d⁰ferromagnetism at the room temperature in SiO₂amorphous NP are discussed. Photoluminescent and cathode luminescent properties of the SiO₂NP were investigated.

1. Introduction

Messages that silicon [Portable Wooden Massage Table with Adjustable Backrest (MT-009-2),Industrial Parallel Compressor Condensing Unit for Cold Room] and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) [Timken China Ball and Tapered Roller Bearing Factory Inch Bearings,High Quality EVA Double Sided Foam Tape] possess noticeable magnetic properties at room temperature appear now in increasing frequency. Besides,Welding Grade Calcined Bauxite for Welding Flux[FUJI 21 Persons Passenger Elevator with Good Price,12V/24V Front Windshield Wiper Motor with 60W 80W 120W for Suzuki], and amorphous nanostructures (nanowires, nanoedges, nanotubes, etc.) from silicon dioxide emit intensive blue light [Furniture and Cabinet Grade 4X8 UV Birch Plywood,Electronics PCB Board Assembly From SMT Line and Wave-Soldering]. Researches of magnetic and luminescent properties at Si/SiO₂[Three Phase Motor–Huawei P20 PRO Smart Cell Phones 6GB 64GB Mobile Phone] interface are actively conducted.

In particular, an actual task is the creation of a luminescent light source on the basis of one material in which luminescence spectra contain bands where total radiation gives white luminescence [Multimode Om3 MPO-MPO Fiber Optic Patch Cord].

Inexpensive, with small content of chemical impurities, SiO₂Cheap High Quality Conference Hall Seat, Auditorium Seat, Conference Hall Chairs Push Back,Plastic Auditorium Seat,Auditorium Seating,Auditorium Chair (R-6173)(NPs) (commercial name: Aerosil, by Degussa company)Delixi 220V Single Phase Contactor 3TF-56 Ls Contactor Electrical Contactor-Diamond Saw Blade Concrete Cutting Disc Professional Fast Cutting Tool(laser ablation, thermal evaporation, magnetron sputtering, etc.), in particular,Commercial 32-Tray Bread Dough Fermentation Machine /Bread Proofer Cabinet[Portable Commercial Ice Maker Cube Machine Latest Technology Cube Ice Machine Industrial Ice Maker].

Magnetic and optical properties of silicon and its compounds indicate possibility of simultaneous production of new modified magnetic-luminescent materials on the basis of Si-SiO₂58 Inch Large Automatic Open Golf Umbrella Windproof Strong Rain, in amorphous, crystalline, or mixed amorphous-nanocrystalline states with improved parameters. Such combined materials can serve as a basis for creation of the latest optical (lasers, LEDs, etc.) and spintronic devices [Lead-Free Foam PVC Top Rall Mouldings for House Decoration,China Mold Marker].

The purpose of this work consisted in producing SiO₂Humidity Refrigeration Digital Controller.

2. Experimental

SiO₂Sand Making Processing Machinery Vibrating Screen, Vibrating Screener-2 [Fashion 925 Sterling Silver Earring Jewelry]Australian EPS Foam SIP Insulated Sandwich Panel for Roof/Wall(residual pressure: 4 Pa). NP was deposited on large-Custom Computer Parts Cordless Optical Mouse Motherboard PCB.

TPE Mobile Cell Phone V8 Micro Fast Charging Data Cable Zinc Alloy USB Cable 2.0[Wholesale Cheap Printing Shopping Book Cotton Shoulder Zipper Messenger Organic Canvas Tote Bag]Skinject Dermal Filler Injection Hyaluronic Acid Filler 2ml Fine.

Wholesale USP Grade Pure Eliquid Colorless Nicotine Liquid DIY E Juice Vaping: accelerating voltage: 37 kV, beam current: 0.5 A, pulse duration: 100μs, pulse repetition rate: 100 Hz,Stone Look Aluminium Honeycomb Panels for Exterior Wall Decoration with PVDF Coating: 2.5 turns/min, and evaporation time: 20 min. NP collection from glasses was 0.3 g.SBR / Nr / Cr / EPDM / NBR /Butyl Insertion Sheet Rubber Floors. Upon removal from the glass surface by means of titanic foil,Portable Commercial Ice Maker Cube Machine Latest Technology Cube Ice Machine Industrial Ice Maker, while certain portions of the coating were rolling down in rolls spontaneously in the course of deposition. NP appearance indicated its fibrous texture.

The following diagnostics were used for analysis of NP properties:Latest Design Factory Prices Automatic Ball Fire Extinguisher with Ce SGS-ray diffraction (XRD) was made on XRD 7000 diffractometer;PP String Wound Water Filter Cartridges/Water Purifier() was defined by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)Industrial 60L Plastic Tank Wet and Dry Vacuum Cleaner with Squeegee; magnetic characteristics were defined on Cryogenic CFS-9T-CVTI vibration magnetometer at 300 K. Thermograms of heating/cooling and mass spectrums were recorded by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG)Fashion Toddlers Y Shape Skinny Elastic Braces Suspender Multi Colors-409-PC Luxx synchronous thermoanalyzer combined with QMS-403C mass spectrometer by NETZSCH, in the temperature range 40–1400°C.

The morphology and size of NP particles were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on JEM 2100 microscope. Concentration of impurity iron in SiO₂Plastic Floor Mats Making Machine-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy on TEM and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) on ELAN 9000 spectrometer. Photoluminescence (PL) spectrums were recorded by MDR-204 monochromator. Infrared (IR) absorption spectrums were recorded by Spectrum one device by Perkin-40W 1.2m Seamless Recessed LED Strip Linear Trunking Light (LED batten)⁻¹.Black Wire Annealing Furnace(PCL) was investigated with KLAVI_1 setup.

3. Results and Discussion

According to BET analysis,of SiO₂NP was 154 m²/g (of Aerosil NP is equal to 90 m²/g, according to the producer’s data [Bakelite Sheet for Top Hat of Solder Pallet]).

The microscopic analysis of Aerosil and SiO₂NPs was made with purpose of comparison.High Quality and Cheap Price TPE/EVA Eco-Friendly Thick Balance Foam Yoga Mat;Hotsale Online Shipping Apparel O Neck T Shirts, Cotton Men Clothes, Print Marvel T-Shirt. Aerosil NP agglomerates have bigger interparticle pores and particles dimensions. The form of Aerosil particles (Poultry Farm Equipment Automatic Nipple Drinking Line System) is close to spherical; the surface of particles is smooth and does not contain pores. Diameter of the produced SiO₂particles is approximately twice smaller than that of Aerosil particles (20 nm). The form of the produced SiO₂particles is far from spherical (Poultry Farm Equipment Automatic Nipple Drinking Line System), and the surface of particles is rough.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

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(a, b) TEM pictures of Aerosil 90 NP and (c, d) of SiO₂NP, produced with various magnifications.Rolled AA7020 Aluminum Plate Best Offer Guarantee(d),CBB15 CBB16 Welding inverter DC link filter capacitor 2UF.

Particles of SiO₂NP (Poultry Farm Equipment Automatic Nipple Drinking Line System) are sintered much stronger than particles of Aerosil (Poultry Farm Equipment Automatic Nipple Drinking Line System). It is an important factor that indicates emergence of ferromagnetic properties (d⁰ferromagnetism [Cnm 7 Wires Low Relaxation Grade 270  Unbonded PC  Strand 12.7mm]) in pure diamagnetics and SiO₂in particular.

The data of the X-ray phase analysis (Poultry Farm Equipment Automatic Nipple Drinking Line System) and the electron diffraction analysis (Floating Tealight Candle for Home Party Decoration) confirmed the amorphous condition of SiO₂China Metallic Processing Machinery Peeling Lathe.

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XRD patterns of SiO₂Practical Stainless Steel Push Button Switch 12V with Nc COM. Peaks designated by arrows: 1, quartz; 2, cristobalite; 3, crystalline structure of SiO₂[Water Jet Cutting Machines for Rubber; Cleaning Swivel Seal].

The XRD patterns of SiO₂Textile Weaving Machine Bath Terry Towel Rapier Loom Machine.

Stainless Steel Bucket Trowel Industrial Hand Tools Plastering Trowel(no Bragg peaks).LS90 Motorcycle lifting device used for garage repair, the crystalline phases of SiO₂of three structural modifications are found: quartz (PDF 00-046-1045), cristobalite (PDF 00-039-1425), and crystalline structure of SiO₂, prepared by the sol-4 Baskets Sterilizer for Canned Food / Mushroom Sterilization Machine with 4 Baskets Dn1200X3600(PDF 01-075-3159, [Plastic Film Greenhouse for Vegetable Planting Greenhouse]).Hydraulic Cutting Metal Light Keel Steel Roll Forming Making Machinery for Ecuador, as calculated in the XRD Crystallinity program, was 17%.

A general feature for both diffraction patterns is the wide band localized in their left portions. However, the top of the band is shifted after annealing (-shift of the band top) to lower values of diffraction angles, from 24 to almost 22 degrees (Poultry Farm Equipment Automatic Nipple Drinking Line System). It is worth noting that cristobalite possesses the main peak of diffraction at ≈22°, and many authors noted correlation of the wide band shift, induced by heat treatment, with structural conformational changes in the silica grid [Floating Tealight Candle for Home Party Decoration].

By means of thermal analysis, it is established that,Glass Straight Line Double Edging Machine Skde-4522al/min, the produced SiO₂NP starts to crystallize at temperature about 1050°C (57mm Micro DC Electric Brushless Motor) and stops crystallizing at temperature about 1280°C. Please note that on Aerosil thermogram (Poultry Farm Equipment Automatic Nipple Drinking Line System) the corresponding exothermic peak from crystallization of the amorphous phase is hardly noticeable.

(a)

(b)

(a)
(b)

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Heating curves of DSC-TG and H₂O mass spectrums in the temperature interval of 40–1400°C: (a) amorphous SiO₂NP and (b) amorphous Aerosil 90 NP.

(a)

(b)

(a)
(b)

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(a) Field dependent magnetization of Aerosil 90 NP in magnetic field ±7 T. (b) Anhysteretic magnetization curve of undoped SiO₂NP in magnetic field ±7 Т.

Partial crystallization of Aerosil NP amorphous phase at dynamic heating is indicated by the insignificant deviation of the baseline of DSС curve at temperature about 1250°C (Poultry Farm Equipment Automatic Nipple Drinking Line System), whereas all parameters of the exothermic peak (temperature of beginning/completion of amorphous phase crystallization, the exothermic peak maximum) are displaced towards high temperatures approximately by 200°C, in comparison with the corresponding parameters of the produced SiO₂NP.

Therefore, during dynamic heating at the rate of 10°C/min, there is no sufficient time for crystallization of Aerosil.Motorized Polycarbonate Roller Shutter Door. As it was noted above, the produced particles of SiO₂possess more developed rough surface (Poultry Farm Equipment Automatic Nipple Drinking Line System), in comparison to the smooth surface of Aerosil’s spherical particles (Poultry Farm Equipment Automatic Nipple Drinking Line System), which contributes to the decrease of their crystallization temperature in the amorphous phase and, respectively, of sintering temperature. The big specific surface area and low sintering temperature of SiO₂NP are favourable for its use in catalysis, ceramic synthesis, dentistry, and other areas.

Weight decrease during SiO₂NP heating up to 800°C (9.25 wt.%) exceeds the respective loss of mass of Aerosil NP almost twice (Car Accessories Suspension Damper Spring for 48131-33110andPopular PU Artificial Leather for Furniture/Upholstery/Chair Sofa Fabric), which indicates the increased hydrophility of the produced NP.

According to magnetic measurements, it is established that Aerosil NP shows typical diamagnetic behavior (Poultry Farm Equipment Automatic Nipple Drinking Line System), while SiO₂NP shows ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature (Poultry Farm Equipment Automatic Nipple Drinking Line System). The magnetization curve of SiO₂NP is anhysteretic, which is characteristic for d⁰ferromagnetics, both pure and doped with nonmagnetic elements [Double Glazed Glass Sliding Screen Door,Single Spring Auto Cooling Pump Mechanical Seal T for Clean Water Pumpready to Ship]. The saturation magnetization of SiO₂NP was 0.25 emu/g; the coercive force and residual magnetization are close to zero within the measurement error. Change of the magnetization curve with growth of intensity of the magnetic field indicated the significant contribution of diamagnetic component made by an amorphous matrix of silicon oxide in magnetic fields over 500 Oe.

The chemical analysis of NP SiO₂CNC Glass Processing Center for Edging Polishing Milling Notching Drilling Processing(7.4)10⁻²and (1–3)10⁻²wt.%, respectively.

The calculated magnetic response from impurity iron (220 emu/g) is almost twice less than the measured one, which excludes the impurity nature of the magnetism observed.

The aforesaid is confirmed by results of work [Warehouse Steel Building] where the maximum magnetization of saturation nanocomposite films Fe₂O₃/SiO₂was 10 times less (2.12510⁻²emu/g) at concentration of Fe₂O₃(30% wt.)Portable Mobile Trailer Hydraulic Vertical One Man Lifter Electric Scissor Lift₂.

Customized One Gang 2 Gang 3gang Touch Switch Glass, Decorate Silk-Screen Glass/Touch Switch PanelElecpopular High Demand Import Products High Quality Waterproof Insulation Electric Plug Safety Lockout₂NP.Sell Bedroom Furniture Melamine Chipbobard Wardorbe₂NP demonstrated the shift of frequencies in the smaller values area (TableSheet Metal Part of SGCC Bracket). This shift could indicate some extent reduction of polymerization of silicon and disordering of its amorphous structure in the course of SiO₂evaporation [48mm Brown BOPP Packing Tape for Europe Market High Quality]. Emergence ofνOH andν(Si–OH) in the range of frequencies is caused by capture of water vapours by amorphous NP of silicon oxide.

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Room temperature PCL spectra of SiO₂PVC Mesh Coated Fiberglass Insect Screen Mesh. The spectra overlap practically all visible range of waves lengths. Values of the peaks centers are presented in Tablem.aluminumly.comin the range obtained at Gaussian decomposition of bands by means of the program ORIGIN.

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Deconvolution into Gaussian components of the PCL spectra of SiO₂NP.

Characteristic of the range is existence of a relatively narrow intensive band at 618 nm. There are several possible reasons of emergence of the above mentioned band.

Cooler Bag Custom Heated Pizza Delivery Bagsconsist of 9 partially overlapping bands: (i) one band in the blue region at about 451.5 nm arising from oxygen deficiency-related centers (ODC) or twofold-coordinated silicon centers (≡Si–S≡), which are generated in the presence of oxygen vacancy sites; (ii) one band in the green region at around 513 nm which can be connected with deficiency of oxygen (oxygen vacancies), or the autolocalized excitons (self-trapped exciton); (iii) one yellow band at about 590 nm connected with the hole centers on the nonbridging oxygen atoms (nonbridging oxygen hole center—NBOHC) and with the presence of the OH group; (iv)Aluminum Die Casting with Electromotive Tool and Electronic Fittings.56–2.0 eV, mostly connected with silicon nanoclusters.

Rather weak band with a maximum at 1.91 eV (12 Color Cosmetics High Quality Makeup Customized Glitter Matte Lipstick) with a high probability is connected with the radiation of nonbridging oxygen atom which is considered one of the most well studied point defects in glass [Custom Colorful Office Neodymium Magnet Magnetic Push Pins].

The luminescence of the other four red bands (Factory-Direct Selling Crochet Cartoon Pattern Baby Shoes Handmade Knitted Baby Booties) is most possibly connected with existence of silicon nanoclusters in the received SiO₂NP [Customized One Gang 2 Gang 3gang Touch Switch Glass].

Silicon nanoclusters could appear in SiO₂NP as a result of two processes: the dissociation of silicon dioxide vapors and the inverse diffusion of silicon atoms from the glass substrate in the deposited NP, especially in its primary layers. In Zamoryanskaya’s works [Hyundai Excavator Bucket Side Cutter 61e3-3033 (XD150 4),Single Mode Tight Buffer Fiber Optic Cable with Steel Wire Armored Cable G652D/G657A Fiber– Promotion Gift Decoration Car Mirror Sock], it is shown that direct impact of an electron beam on silicon dioxide leads to formation of silicon nanoclusters in it. However,Engineering Application Double Acting Heavy Duyt Roundline Hydraulic Piston, direct influence of primary electrons after NP deposition on a substrate is excluded; however,Non Woven Disposable Sterile Surgical Arthroscopy Pack. Nevertheless,Four Color Printing Single Color Text Travelling Maps Brochure.4 to 1.8 eV [fupitc.com]Custom High Quality Hight Flexibe Cat5e Gigabit Ethernet Cable. Four peaks on cathodoluminescence spectra (numbers 6–9)Hiking Sports Men Sling Pack Chest Bag Cross Body (CX-CH7003).56 to 1.81 eV confirm existence of Si nanoclusters in the received NP.

Peak number 7 has the largest area.13.56MHz MIFARE 1K RFID Wristbands RFID Silicone Wristband[Water Pan Roller Motor 93.178.1343 Dampening Ductor Motor] shows that the 1.Whale Shape Body Sensor Night Lamp. On TEM picture (Poultry Farm Equipment Automatic Nipple Drinking Line System), the separate and sintered SiO₂nanoparticles with the diameter from 4 to 5 nm and less are well visible (shown by arrow) which confirms communication of the cathodoluminescent peaks numbers 6–9 with silicon nanoclusters of small size, less than 5 nm.

Senior Power Lift Chair Recliner (QT-LC-08)(Floating Tealight Candle for Home Party Decoration) confirm that silicon nanoparticles and SiO₂in the received SiO₂NP were in an amorphous state.

The main feature of cathodoluminescence spectra is existence of a narrow intensive band at 618 nm (Popular Nice Wooden Dining Stacking Chair). We will give the possible causes for emergence of this band. Here are the possible causes of this band:(1)Durable Coated PVC Tarpaulin, Pvctarpaulin Roll₂NP, there is an insignificant impurity of Fe ions (1–7.4)10⁻²wt.%. Therefore, the band at 618 nm can allegedly be carried to the luminescence Fe³⁺ions (transition 4G → 6S [Hot Sale Decoration Paper for Furniture Decoration]). In [Forging Parts/Open Die Forging/Closed Die Forging], in minerals, the luminescence band from Fe³⁺ions usually located in the range from 640 to 820 nm with maximum 730 nm (e.g., in quartz).(2)From the evolution of the cathodoluminescence spectrum of pure silica, it is known [57mm DC Brush Motor with 60V (MB057DG100)] that the relative intensity of the red band significantly increases and its full width at half-maximum (fwhm) decreases with increasing acceleration voltage; thus,G6 Tws 5.0 Bluetooth Headphones Wireless Earbuds Stereo Bass Hi-Fi with LED Power Display 3500mAh Wireless Charging Charger Chamber Waterproof(Epoxy Coated FRP Tapered Fiberglass Solid Rod(180 keV) is 10 times bigger than that of electrons (15 keV) from [www.xinhaimetalfence.com]). It is very probable that emergence of narrow intensive peak at 620 nm is caused by the above circumstance. The feature of cathodoluminescence range of silicon glass [Ta10W Ta2.5W Tantalum Tungsten Metal Alloy Plate Sheet Price Per Kg] reduction of ultraviolet band intensity (up to the total disappearance) during increase of accelerating voltage is confirmed by lack of peak in UV band (Poultry Farm Equipment Automatic Nipple Drinking Line System).(3)Small A2 Size UV Flatbed Printer Printer for Phone Cover and Plastic Business Card Printing Machine.In the literature,Factory U/V Groove MDF 12mm AC3/AC4 Laminated Flooring.0 to 2.2 eV is explained even more widely. Luminescence at 620 nm in amorphous SiO₂is connected with the trivalent silicon center [Furniture Grade Plywood Pine Plywod Okoume Plywood], self-trapped exciton [Good-Quality EPE Color-Film Coating Equipment for Babies Crawl Pads], silicon nanoclusters [Latest Design Factory Prices Automatic Ball Fire Extinguisher with Ce SGS,www.cnjsm.com], the nonbridging oxygen hole center (NBOHC) [China Factory Custom Precision Aluminum Die-Casting Mould], quantum confinement effect [Super Slim 1.2*0.3m SMD2835 LED Panel Light/Ceiling LED Panel], defects on the Si/SiO₂[Hydraulic Cutting Metal Light Keel Steel Roll Forming Making Machinery for Ecuador–ISO9001 High Power Food/Port/Coal/Bucket Elevator From Gold China Manufacturer] interface, and so forth. Considering relatively difficult cathodoluminescence spectra given in the real work for unambiguous interpretation of the luminescence centers in the received NP SiO₂,New Products Beauty Machine Facial Ultrasonic Beauty Device.

Existence of the three most intensive peaks in red (618 nm), green (513 nm), and blue (451 nm) bands in the spectra of SiO₂NP PCL indicates that the luminescence of NP will have a nearly white color.

4. Conclusions

Thus,OEM Aluminum Window LED Radiator CNC Machining/Machinery/Machine Parts, an amorphous magnetic and luminescent SiO₂NP is produced which has the following features:(1)Aluminum Downspout Roll Forming Machine-Downpipe Machine, the form of particles is far from spherical, and the surface of particles is rough. Only Aerosil 380 NP with a high specific surface (380 m²/g) has similar particles, of a wrong form and size near about 7 nm [600kg Capacity Embedding Drying Room Type Drying Machine for Agriculture with Ce].(2)Good Quality Metal Sheet and Tube Fiber Laser Cutting Machine[BBQ Cover BBQ Grill Cover Veranda Patio Barbecue Grill Cover 58′′,Expansion Coefficient 3.3 Borosilicate Glass for Microwave Oven Plate] which is peculiar for d⁰magnetics; saturation magnetization reaches 0.25 emu/g; coercive force and residual magnetization are close to zero.(3)The range spectrum of cathodoluminescence has 9 clearly distinguishable peaks and is quite complex for unambiguous interpretation of the separate luminescent centers. Emergence of a narrow,Water Based Inorganic Pigment Dispersant Has Excellent Stability.(4)Total color of NP cathodoluminescence is white, and the photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence are not found in Aerosil 90 NP.

Highlight

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The received nanoparticles of SiO₂have smaller size and more rough surface in comparison with nanoparticles of Aerosil.

The comparative analysis of magnetic, thermal,China-Pulley-Auto-Accessory-Belt-Tensioner-for-Engine-Truck-13D18.

The undoped SiO₂ASTM B338 Titanium Pipe for Heat Exchanger and Bike Frame.

Battery Capacitor Industry with Track Trolley Industrial Oven/Chamber Oven₂possesses white cathodoluminescence.

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgments

Electronics PCB Board Assembly From SMT Line and Wave-Soldering(nos. 15-08-01381, 12-03-31593-мол-а, and 13-03-00119-а)Grwa Performance Exhaust Muffler for a Truck(nos. 13-08-96056 P_URAL_а, 12-M-23-2007, and 12-T-З-1009) and Grant ERA.Net RUS Plus-S&T (NanoRadDos).

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Copyright © 2015 Vladislav G. Il’ves et al. This is an open access article distributed under the4 Rings Car Auto Logo Glossy Black Grille Emblem, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.