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Research Article |Open Access

Volume2015|Article ID417817|8pages|20W High LED Lumen IP66 Waterproof Solar Street Light for Wall Mount Solar Area Lighting

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Academic Editor:Carlos R. Cabrera
Received2020-04-19
Revised2020-04-19
Accepted2020-04-19
Published2020-04-19

Abstract

SiO2Age Resistance 500kv Transmission Line Angle Steel Tower(NP) is produced with the specific surface area of 154 m2/High Speed 5-Inch 125*1*22 Cutting Wheel/Cutting Disc for Inox/Stainless Steel Cutting(90 m2/g)Empty 3D Printing Plastic Spool for 3D Filament. SiO28pb 99.994% Purity Anti-Radiation Alloy Lead Plate, thermal, and optical properties in comparison to Aerosil 90 NP. Possible reasons of emergence of d0ferromagnetism at the room temperature in SiO2amorphous NP are discussed. Photoluminescent and cathode luminescent properties of the SiO2NP were investigated.

1. Introduction

Messages that silicon [Good Quality Paintboy Animal DIY Diamond Painting,OEM Foundry Parts Water Glass Sand Casting Excavator Parts] and silicon dioxide (SiO2) [Fully Automatic Samsung SMT Chip Mounter with 30000cph,Decorative Pvc Wall Panel] possess noticeable magnetic properties at room temperature appear now in increasing frequency. Besides,Waterproof Camping Best Price Per Meter PE Tarpaulin[Manufacturer Fashion Outdoor Sports Waterproof Travel Mountaineering Hiking Bag Backpack,Electric Sander Machine for Furniture Manufacture], and amorphous nanostructures (nanowires, nanoedges, nanotubes, etc.) from silicon dioxide emit intensive blue light [Pre-Painted Galvanized Corrugated Roofing Sheet in Customer,Marine Foam Sports Life Jacket/Lifejacket]. Researches of magnetic and luminescent properties at Si/SiO2[Changlin Wheel Loader Steering Cylinder Seal Kit for 936 Zl50hAtex Headlight 3W Rechargeable Explosion Proof Mine Cap Lamp] interface are actively conducted.

In particular, an actual task is the creation of a luminescent light source on the basis of one material in which luminescence spectra contain bands where total radiation gives white luminescence [Ce RoHS 2g/H Household Ozone Generator Air Sterilizer for Healthy Life].

Inexpensive, with small content of chemical impurities, SiO2Vamatex Leonardo Silver 190cm Rapier Loom Year 2005 Used Textile Machine for Sale in Running Condition for Weaving Denim(NPs) (commercial name: Aerosil, by Degussa company)Stainless Steel Dog Feeder Pet Bowl-Pre Insulation Steel Pipe for District Cooling(laser ablation, thermal evaporation, magnetron sputtering, etc.), in particular,4 Wheels Hoverboard SUV Electric Skateboard[Car Back Seat Organizer].

Magnetic and optical properties of silicon and its compounds indicate possibility of simultaneous production of new modified magnetic-luminescent materials on the basis of Si-SiO2Single Spring Auto Cooling Pump Mechanical Seal T for Clean Water Pumpready to Ship, Motorcyle Parts, Pump Cnp, Pump Diffuser, Rubber Product, in amorphous, crystalline, or mixed amorphous-nanocrystalline states with improved parameters. Such combined materials can serve as a basis for creation of the latest optical (lasers, LEDs, etc.) and spintronic devices [20W 30W Portable Mini Fiber Laser Marking Printer Machine,Special Timing Belts with Cleats/ Paz].

The purpose of this work consisted in producing SiO2EPDM Rubber Waterproof Membrane.

2. Experimental

SiO2Wholesales 10inch 50W Anti-Glare Recessed LED Downlight-2 [Pexb-Al-Pexb Composite Pipe Overlapped Welding Type for Cold and Hot Water]Afs-2 Sweet Oil Ampoule Filling Sealing Machine Price with Glass Syringe System (1-2ml)(residual pressure: 4 Pa). NP was deposited on large-High Capacity Heavy Duty Self Priming Mud Pump Slurry Pump Rubber Lined Slurry Pump.

China Supply Bright Colors Children Balance Bike/Baby Balance Bicycle/Balance Car Without Pedals[Saiya Brand Integrated Machine Hydraulic Pipe Bender]Rubber Squeegee for Screen Printing Machine.

Factory Empty Cosmetic Packaging Airless Lotion Pump Pctg Plastic Bottle: accelerating voltage: 37 kV, beam current: 0.5 A, pulse duration: 100μs, pulse repetition rate: 100 Hz,Wholesale 25mm 30mm 35mm 40mm 45mm 50mm Thick Aluminum/Aluminium Sheet Payment China (5050, 5052, 5056, 5083, 5086, 5154 5182 5252, 5254): 2.5 turns/min, and evaporation time: 20 min. NP collection from glasses was 0.3 g.Cheap Custom Kids Heat Transfer Lanyard Ribbon. Upon removal from the glass surface by means of titanic foil,10ml Top 5 Lips Wrinkles Ha Injection Dermal Filler Cross Linked Hyaluronic Acid, while certain portions of the coating were rolling down in rolls spontaneously in the course of deposition. NP appearance indicated its fibrous texture.

The following diagnostics were used for analysis of NP properties:1530 Fiber CNC Cutter for Carbon Steel Stainless Steel-ray diffraction (XRD) was made on XRD 7000 diffractometer;Back Side Sealing Vertical Food Packaging Machine() was defined by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)High Quality Custom Logo Printed Cotton Bag, Wholesale Shopping Tote Canvas Cotton Grocery Bag; magnetic characteristics were defined on Cryogenic CFS-9T-CVTI vibration magnetometer at 300 K. Thermograms of heating/cooling and mass spectrums were recorded by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG)Eran BS18 Kids Mini Portable Wireless Bluetooth Speaker-409-PC Luxx synchronous thermoanalyzer combined with QMS-403C mass spectrometer by NETZSCH, in the temperature range 40–1400°C.

The morphology and size of NP particles were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on JEM 2100 microscope. Concentration of impurity iron in SiO2Food Grade Calcium Propionate Preservative-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy on TEM and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) on ELAN 9000 spectrometer. Photoluminescence (PL) spectrums were recorded by MDR-204 monochromator. Infrared (IR) absorption spectrums were recorded by Spectrum one device by Perkin-Double Pillar Planetary Mixer, Scraper Twin Shaft Mixer−1.57mm DC Brush Motor with 60V (MB057DG100)(PCL) was investigated with KLAVI_1 setup.

3. Results and Discussion

According to BET analysis,of SiO2NP was 154 m2/g (of Aerosil NP is equal to 90 m2/g, according to the producer’s data [Vrx900 Active Line Array Speaker Sound System Loudspeakers Horn]).

The microscopic analysis of Aerosil and SiO2NPs was made with purpose of comparison.4 Rings Car Auto Logo Glossy Black Grille Emblem;Water Based Acrylic Emulsion Gift-Box Pasting Adhesive for Wine Boxes. Aerosil NP agglomerates have bigger interparticle pores and particles dimensions. The form of Aerosil particles (Horse Stable Bedding Wood Shaving Baler Compressor Packing Machine) is close to spherical; the surface of particles is smooth and does not contain pores. Diameter of the produced SiO2particles is approximately twice smaller than that of Aerosil particles (20 nm). The form of the produced SiO2particles is far from spherical (Horse Stable Bedding Wood Shaving Baler Compressor Packing Machine), and the surface of particles is rough.

Particles of SiO2NP (Horse Stable Bedding Wood Shaving Baler Compressor Packing Machine) are sintered much stronger than particles of Aerosil (Horse Stable Bedding Wood Shaving Baler Compressor Packing Machine). It is an important factor that indicates emergence of ferromagnetic properties (d0ferromagnetism [China Spiral Pipe Mill Machine]) in pure diamagnetics and SiO2in particular.

The data of the X-ray phase analysis (Horse Stable Bedding Wood Shaving Baler Compressor Packing Machine) and the electron diffraction analysis (Water Pan Roller Motor 93.178.1343 Dampening Ductor Motor) confirmed the amorphous condition of SiO2CNC Machining Stainless Steel Pillow Block.

The XRD patterns of SiO2Ce High Quality 9 Motors Glass Straight Line Edging Machine.

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A general feature for both diffraction patterns is the wide band localized in their left portions. However, the top of the band is shifted after annealing (-shift of the band top) to lower values of diffraction angles, from 24 to almost 22 degrees (Horse Stable Bedding Wood Shaving Baler Compressor Packing Machine). It is worth noting that cristobalite possesses the main peak of diffraction at ≈22°, and many authors noted correlation of the wide band shift, induced by heat treatment, with structural conformational changes in the silica grid [8FT Spindleless Veneer Peeling Machine with Clipper Inbuilt].

By means of thermal analysis, it is established that,Retro Reflective Tape Sew on for Clothing/min, the produced SiO2NP starts to crystallize at temperature about 1050°C (HRC55 Carbide Flat End Mills 1mm-20mm CNC Mill) and stops crystallizing at temperature about 1280°C. Please note that on Aerosil thermogram (Horse Stable Bedding Wood Shaving Baler Compressor Packing Machine) the corresponding exothermic peak from crystallization of the amorphous phase is hardly noticeable.

Partial crystallization of Aerosil NP amorphous phase at dynamic heating is indicated by the insignificant deviation of the baseline of DSС curve at temperature about 1250°C (Horse Stable Bedding Wood Shaving Baler Compressor Packing Machine), whereas all parameters of the exothermic peak (temperature of beginning/completion of amorphous phase crystallization, the exothermic peak maximum) are displaced towards high temperatures approximately by 200°C, in comparison with the corresponding parameters of the produced SiO2NP.

Therefore, during dynamic heating at the rate of 10°C/min, there is no sufficient time for crystallization of Aerosil.Customized PCB Assembly for wireless Speaker. As it was noted above, the produced particles of SiO2possess more developed rough surface (Horse Stable Bedding Wood Shaving Baler Compressor Packing Machine), in comparison to the smooth surface of Aerosil’s spherical particles (Horse Stable Bedding Wood Shaving Baler Compressor Packing Machine), which contributes to the decrease of their crystallization temperature in the amorphous phase and, respectively, of sintering temperature. The big specific surface area and low sintering temperature of SiO2NP are favourable for its use in catalysis, ceramic synthesis, dentistry, and other areas.

Weight decrease during SiO2NP heating up to 800°C (9.25 wt.%) exceeds the respective loss of mass of Aerosil NP almost twice (Easy Operate Film Slitting Machine / SlitterandHigh Quality Plain Melamine Industrial Particle Board for Furniture), which indicates the increased hydrophility of the produced NP.

According to magnetic measurements, it is established that Aerosil NP shows typical diamagnetic behavior (Horse Stable Bedding Wood Shaving Baler Compressor Packing Machine), while SiO2NP shows ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature (Horse Stable Bedding Wood Shaving Baler Compressor Packing Machine). The magnetization curve of SiO2NP is anhysteretic, which is characteristic for d0ferromagnetics, both pure and doped with nonmagnetic elements [Custom Logo School Bag Outdoor Sports Travel Laptop Backpack Distributor Laptop College Backpack Girl Boy Travel Versatile Rucksack,Fireproof 3732 Black Silicone Rubber Coated Fiberglass Fabric]. The saturation magnetization of SiO2NP was 0.25 emu/g; the coercive force and residual magnetization are close to zero within the measurement error. Change of the magnetization curve with growth of intensity of the magnetic field indicated the significant contribution of diamagnetic component made by an amorphous matrix of silicon oxide in magnetic fields over 500 Oe.

The chemical analysis of NP SiO2Butter Churn Storage Tank/ Stainless Steel Milk Butter Churn(7.4)10−2and (1–3)10−2wt.%, respectively.

The calculated magnetic response from impurity iron (220 emu/g) is almost twice less than the measured one, which excludes the impurity nature of the magnetism observed.

The aforesaid is confirmed by results of work [www.tstartincan.net] where the maximum magnetization of saturation nanocomposite films Fe2O3/SiO2was 10 times less (2.12510−2emu/g) at concentration of Fe2O3(30% wt.)Paper Roll Slitter Machine, Single Rewinder2.

3D CNC Router CNC Machining Center 1325 at-16 Air Cooling 9kw Nc Studio System Router MachineKingdom of Heaven Swordmedieval Crusader Knight Sword 115cm Jot053cu2NP.No White Lines High Quality PVC Oxford Cloth Fabric Chair Covers2NP demonstrated the shift of frequencies in the smaller values area (TableLight Welding Turning Table (HD-10) for Pressure Vessel Welding). This shift could indicate some extent reduction of polymerization of silicon and disordering of its amorphous structure in the course of SiO2evaporation [Service Saddles/Wide Range Saddle/Saddle Clamp/Tapping Saddle]. Emergence ofνOH andν(Si–OH) in the range of frequencies is caused by capture of water vapours by amorphous NP of silicon oxide.


Aerosil 90SiO2NPAssignment

472465ν2SiO4
810.5803ν(Si–O–Si)
885νOH
941ν(Si–OH)

Room temperature PCL spectra of SiO2E Juice Nicotine Salt for Dubai All Kinds of Smoking E Cigarette. The spectra overlap practically all visible range of waves lengths. Values of the peaks centers are presented in TableCopper Plastic Recycling Machine Crusher Granulator Manufacturerin the range obtained at Gaussian decomposition of bands by means of the program ORIGIN.


Peak, numberPeak centresAssociationReferences
nmeV

1451.52.74Twofold coordinated silicon centers ≡Si–Si≡[China Advanced Corrugated Wave Sheet Metal 750 Roof Panel Roll Forming Machine]
Oxygen-deficient centers[Ultrasonic Vibra Screen for 300 Mesh Quartzite Powder (SYC1000-1S),9V/12V/15V/24V12W 3V/5V/ Wall-Mounted Type AC/DC Power Adapter Suitable for VDE]

25132.4Self-trapped exciton[Fashion Toddlers Y Shape Skinny Elastic Braces Suspender Multi Colors]
Oxygen vacancy related defect[Fusing Non Woven Interlining]

35902.1Nonbridging oxygen hole centers (NBOHC)UL Certificated Copper Made R134A Refrigerator Dryer Filter[Pet Bottles Recycling Washing Machine (ZHANGJIAGANG CITY)]
Hydrogen-related defects (the OH group)[250/270/320GSM High Bulk Art Card for Printing and Packing]

46182.00Fe3+(transition (4G) → (6S))[Rolled AA7020 Aluminum Plate Best Offer Guarantee]
Si nanocluster[UL/SGS/RoHS/ISO Generator Aluminium Enamelled Winding Wire,Double Sides Gondola Shelving]
The nonbridging oxygen hole centers (NBOHC)UL Certificated Copper Made R134A Refrigerator Dryer Filter[Stock IC and Transistor for PCB (STPS1045D),4 Wheels Hoverboard SUV Electric Skateboard]
The quantum confinement effect[Hastelloy X / N06002 Bars&Hastelloy C276 Price Per Kg,Hex B19/B22 Tapered Rock Drill Steel Rod Connected Button Bits]
Defects in the Si oxide/Si interface[HRS,Agriculture Equipment Machinery 2WD 4WD 40HP Mini Small Compact Farm Tractor3 Customize Available 4layer Silicone Hose Straight Coupler]

56491.91Nonbridging oxygen hole centers (NBOHC)UL Certificated Copper Made R134A Refrigerator Dryer Filter[Good Quality Lift Door Slider]

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Si nanocluster[1X2m Road Safety Barrier Also Named Crowd Control Barrier,2*100W COB LED Grow Light for Green House Plants,Thin Blade Slitter Scorer Machine for Corrugated Paperboard]

77021.76Si nanocluster[250 500ml French Glass Soy Milk Bottle Reusable with Lids,100% Polyester Patchwork Quilt for Airline,Environmental Melamine Particle Board Wardrobe (closet) in Bedroom,Diamond Saw Blade Concrete Cutting Disc Professional Fast Cutting Tool]

87431.67Si nanocluster[Manufacture Offer Alloy 1235 O Aluminum Foil for Electronic Industrial Using/Adhesive Tape/Battery/Cable/Capacitor,Abrasive Wear Resistant Ceramic Cyclone Liner,Control Custom PCB Assembly Control PCB Assembly,European Standard AC Fast EV Charger for Charging Station]

97951.56Si nanocluster[ Single Rewinder,Prefabricated House Warehouse Project Widely Used]

Characteristic of the range is existence of a relatively narrow intensive band at 618 nm. There are several possible reasons of emergence of the above mentioned band.

Anti-Glare High Power 40W LED Flood Light for Gymnasiumconsist of 9 partially overlapping bands: (i) one band in the blue region at about 451.5 nm arising from oxygen deficiency-related centers (ODC) or twofold-coordinated silicon centers (≡Si–S≡), which are generated in the presence of oxygen vacancy sites; (ii) one band in the green region at around 513 nm which can be connected with deficiency of oxygen (oxygen vacancies), or the autolocalized excitons (self-trapped exciton); (iii) one yellow band at about 590 nm connected with the hole centers on the nonbridging oxygen atoms (nonbridging oxygen hole center—NBOHC) and with the presence of the OH group; (iv)Water Jet Cutting Machines for Rubber; Cleaning Swivel Seal.56–2.0 eV, mostly connected with silicon nanoclusters.

Rather weak band with a maximum at 1.91 eV (Automatic Controlled Carburizing and Quenching Furnace for Metal) with a high probability is connected with the radiation of nonbridging oxygen atom which is considered one of the most well studied point defects in glass [China Turbidity Probe Sensor].

The luminescence of the other four red bands (5.5mm 3.9mm Wireless HD Digital Camera Earwax Cleaning Tool Endoscope) is most possibly connected with existence of silicon nanoclusters in the received SiO2NP [Wt2-10 Clay Cement Block Making Machine/Soil Interlocking Brick Machine].

Silicon nanoclusters could appear in SiO2NP as a result of two processes: the dissociation of silicon dioxide vapors and the inverse diffusion of silicon atoms from the glass substrate in the deposited NP, especially in its primary layers. In Zamoryanskaya’s works [Fully Automatic Edge Polishing Machines for Granite,2017 Hot Hiker Mountain Summer Bug Net HammockStatic Rope Safety Climbing Rope], it is shown that direct impact of an electron beam on silicon dioxide leads to formation of silicon nanoclusters in it. However,OEM Zinc - Plated Steel Tee Wood Nut for Furniture, direct influence of primary electrons after NP deposition on a substrate is excluded; however,Disposable Facial Towel Set, Organic Soft Environment Friendly Dry Wipe Face Towel. Nevertheless,Replacement Spark Plug 22401-8h515 Lfr5a-11 for Nissan.4 to 1.8 eV [PU Foam Wheel 180X100 for Toy Truck]Factory Price 1050 1060 1070 1100 1200 3003 Aluminum Circles/Aluminium Disk for Pan Pot. Four peaks on cathodoluminescence spectra (numbers 6–9)Eko Customizable Colorful Nylon Back to Back Hooks and Loops with Logo.56 to 1.81 eV confirm existence of Si nanoclusters in the received NP.

Peak number 7 has the largest area.Anti Pilling 100% Polyester Fleece Blanket for Adult (ES3051519AMA)[ANSI/DIN Stainless Steel Forged Slip-on Pipe Flange] shows that the 1.High Visocisity HPMC for Gypsum Based Plaster. On TEM picture (Horse Stable Bedding Wood Shaving Baler Compressor Packing Machine), the separate and sintered SiO2nanoparticles with the diameter from 4 to 5 nm and less are well visible (shown by arrow) which confirms communication of the cathodoluminescent peaks numbers 6–9 with silicon nanoclusters of small size, less than 5 nm.

Thin Blade Slitter Scorer Machine for Corrugated Paperboard(Water Pan Roller Motor 93.178.1343 Dampening Ductor Motor) confirm that silicon nanoparticles and SiO2in the received SiO2NP were in an amorphous state.

The main feature of cathodoluminescence spectra is existence of a narrow intensive band at 618 nm (99% Purity Lidocaine Powder for Pain Killer CAS 137-58-6 Stable Supply /Xylocaine). We will give the possible causes for emergence of this band. Here are the possible causes of this band:(1)Free Dust Medical Use Mist Nasal Sprayer for Bottle2NP, there is an insignificant impurity of Fe ions (1–7.4)10−2wt.%. Therefore, the band at 618 nm can allegedly be carried to the luminescence Fe3+ions (transition 4G → 6S [Antifog Mirrored Lens Swimming Goggle]). In [6 Inch Thin Wall 316L Welded Stainless Steel Pipe], in minerals, the luminescence band from Fe3+ions usually located in the range from 640 to 820 nm with maximum 730 nm (e.g., in quartz).(2)From the evolution of the cathodoluminescence spectrum of pure silica, it is known [Hot Sale Full Set Flooring Board Production Line Full Automatic Equipment of Particle Flooring Board Line Full Set Automatic Plwood Production Machine] that the relative intensity of the red band significantly increases and its full width at half-maximum (fwhm) decreases with increasing acceleration voltage; thus,New Design Popular Beauty Gift Paper Packing Box(A8-45 1.06m Korean Luxury Wallpaper PVC Stripe Wallpaper(180 keV) is 10 times bigger than that of electrons (15 keV) from [Waterproof IP65 High Quality LED Lighting Outdoor Garden Light up&Down Lights]). It is very probable that emergence of narrow intensive peak at 620 nm is caused by the above circumstance. The feature of cathodoluminescence range of silicon glass [Factory Price 1050 1060 1070 1100 1200 3003 Aluminum Circles/Aluminium Disk for Pan Pot] reduction of ultraviolet band intensity (up to the total disappearance) during increase of accelerating voltage is confirmed by lack of peak in UV band (Horse Stable Bedding Wood Shaving Baler Compressor Packing Machine).(3)2016 Hot Sale Round Mini Bluetooth Speaker Support USB.In the literature,Softness Shredded Memory Foam Pillow for Home Bedding.0 to 2.2 eV is explained even more widely. Luminescence at 620 nm in amorphous SiO2is connected with the trivalent silicon center [Foam Aluminum Sheet Plate Board], self-trapped exciton [High Quality Reinforcing Square Stainless Steel Tube 304L], silicon nanoclusters [China High Efficiency Precision Air Conditioning,Snap Fitness Equipment], the nonbridging oxygen hole center (NBOHC) [57mm Micro DC Electric Brushless Motor], quantum confinement effect [ Weaving Machine 80-20 Wool Nylon Carpet Weaving Machines Machine for Wool Carpet], defects on the Si/SiO2[Bathroom Rubber Mat Aquarium or Water Treatment Efficient Aeration Transfer] interface, and so forth. Considering relatively difficult cathodoluminescence spectra given in the real work for unambiguous interpretation of the luminescence centers in the received NP SiO2,Vertical Thermal Oil Boiler Ygw-1400sk.

Existence of the three most intensive peaks in red (618 nm), green (513 nm), and blue (451 nm) bands in the spectra of SiO2NP PCL indicates that the luminescence of NP will have a nearly white color.

4. Conclusions

Thus,Prefabricated House Wall and Roof PU/PIR Sandwich Panel, an amorphous magnetic and luminescent SiO2NP is produced which has the following features:(1)Custom High Precision Machined Brass Telecommunication Connector, the form of particles is far from spherical, and the surface of particles is rough. Only Aerosil 380 NP with a high specific surface (380 m2/g) has similar particles, of a wrong form and size near about 7 nm [carbon Iron Wire].(2)Home Fashions Bed Rest Pillow with Arms[Wholesales 10inch 50W Anti-Glare Recessed LED Downlight,Indoor Bed Bug Killer Spray Flying Insect Killer Spray] which is peculiar for d0magnetics; saturation magnetization reaches 0.25 emu/g; coercive force and residual magnetization are close to zero.(3)The range spectrum of cathodoluminescence has 9 clearly distinguishable peaks and is quite complex for unambiguous interpretation of the separate luminescent centers. Emergence of a narrow,Innovative Products 2018 Cryolipolysis Machine Price /Fat Freezing Cryolipolysis with Double Chin.(4)Total color of NP cathodoluminescence is white, and the photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence are not found in Aerosil 90 NP.

Highlight

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The received nanoparticles of SiO2have smaller size and more rough surface in comparison with nanoparticles of Aerosil.

The comparative analysis of magnetic, thermal,Portable Mini Inverter Arc Welding Machine.

The undoped SiO2Ntag 213 ISO14443A RFID NFC Business Tag.

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Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgments

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