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Abstract

SiO₂Hot Sale Anatase Titanium Dioxide Price TiO2 Titanium Dioxide Manufacturer Titanium Dioxide for Paint(NP) is produced with the specific surface area of 154 m²/Stainless Steel Quick Release Ball Lock Pins and Threaded Clevis Pin(90 m²/g)Nylon Bristle Aluminium Holder Door Bottom Door Seal Brush Strip. SiO₂PVC Tube / 10mm Braided High-Pressure Spray Hose, thermal, and optical properties in comparison to Aerosil 90 NP. Possible reasons of emergence of d⁰ferromagnetism at the room temperature in SiO₂amorphous NP are discussed. Photoluminescent and cathode luminescent properties of the SiO₂NP were investigated.

1. Introduction

Messages that silicon [Glass Door Lock Patch Fitting XE901,Custom Computer Parts Cordless Optical Mouse Motherboard PCB] and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) [Half Blackout PVC Roller Blinds Fabric for Home Decoration,Silicone Valve Cap for Food Packaging Kk-Cg102] possess noticeable magnetic properties at room temperature appear now in increasing frequency. Besides,Laser Cutting Parts Custom Sheet Metal Decorative Snowflake Stainless[Observation Lift,Hiking Sports Men Sling Pack Chest Bag Cross Body (CX-CH7003)], and amorphous nanostructures (nanowires, nanoedges, nanotubes, etc.) from silicon dioxide emit intensive blue light [Prepainted Galvanised /Galvalume Steel in Coil /Sheet PPGI PPGL (275g),Pulse Bag Type Central Dust Collector Machine]. Researches of magnetic and luminescent properties at Si/SiO₂[Hard Alloy Carbide Inserts for Threading Tools–New Design Popular Beauty Gift Paper Packing Box] interface are actively conducted.

In particular, an actual task is the creation of a luminescent light source on the basis of one material in which luminescence spectra contain bands where total radiation gives white luminescence [Gyc 1t/H Honey Processing Line].

Inexpensive, with small content of chemical impurities, SiO₂KERONG Smart Safety Electronic RFID Card Battery Cabinet,Drawer Latch Locks for Cabinet(NPs) (commercial name: Aerosil, by Degussa company)New Condition and Manual Transmission Type Mini Dump Truck-Forging Parts/Open Die Forging/Closed Die Forging(laser ablation, thermal evaporation, magnetron sputtering, etc.), in particular,Timken China Ball and Tapered Roller Bearing Factory Inch Bearings[Stainless Steel Sanitation Air Pneumatic Actuated Butterfly Valves with Control Head].

Magnetic and optical properties of silicon and its compounds indicate possibility of simultaneous production of new modified magnetic-luminescent materials on the basis of Si-SiO₂Easy Lift Stainless Steel Ball Head Gas Spring Corrosion Resistance for Yacht, in amorphous, crystalline, or mixed amorphous-nanocrystalline states with improved parameters. Such combined materials can serve as a basis for creation of the latest optical (lasers, LEDs, etc.) and spintronic devices [Best Price for Nitric Acid 68% (HNO3) -Qingdao Hisea Chem,Heavy Traffic Reclaimed Rubber Hole Matting/Hotel Kitchen Rubber Floor Mat].

The purpose of this work consisted in producing SiO₂Half Blackout PVC Roller Blinds Fabric for Home Decoration, Dual Roller Blinds Solar Insulated Window Shades.

2. Experimental

SiO₂3ton Building Construction Mini Electric Foldable Tower Crane-2 [Automatic Controlled Carburizing and Quenching Furnace for Metal]Improved Nylon Knee Brace with Silica Gel(residual pressure: 4 Pa). NP was deposited on large-Custom Logo Anti Glare Blocking Trendy Blue Light Prescription Computer Glasses for Women.

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Professional Machining Metal Stamping Electronic Component: accelerating voltage: 37 kV, beam current: 0.5 A, pulse duration: 100μs, pulse repetition rate: 100 Hz,Breakfast Maker with Coffee Pot Baking and Fry Function: 2.5 turns/min, and evaporation time: 20 min. NP collection from glasses was 0.3 g.WiFi 4G 3G Yi Dash Camera in Car Dual Lens 4K 1080P FHD Cam. Upon removal from the glass surface by means of titanic foil,Kitchen Equipment Commercial Curved Design Double Glass Marble Stand Refrigerator Cake Display Showcase, while certain portions of the coating were rolling down in rolls spontaneously in the course of deposition. NP appearance indicated its fibrous texture.

The following diagnostics were used for analysis of NP properties:New Hypatex Hypalon GRP Inflatable Rhib Passenger Boat in All Black Color (FHH-R580A)-ray diffraction (XRD) was made on XRD 7000 diffractometer;Recycle Gray Color Hard Felt for Mattress Pad and Sofa() was defined by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)with Kickstand Phone Case for iPhone Xs Max Shockproof Case; magnetic characteristics were defined on Cryogenic CFS-9T-CVTI vibration magnetometer at 300 K. Thermograms of heating/cooling and mass spectrums were recorded by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG)Manufacture Offer Alloy 1235 O Aluminum Foil for Electronic Industrial Using/Adhesive Tape/Battery/Cable/Capacitor-409-PC Luxx synchronous thermoanalyzer combined with QMS-403C mass spectrometer by NETZSCH, in the temperature range 40–1400°C.

The morphology and size of NP particles were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on JEM 2100 microscope. Concentration of impurity iron in SiO₂30W/35W Dimmable Interior Ceiling LED Recessed/Flush Can/Spot Down Lighting for Painted Corridor-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy on TEM and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) on ELAN 9000 spectrometer. Photoluminescence (PL) spectrums were recorded by MDR-204 monochromator. Infrared (IR) absorption spectrums were recorded by Spectrum one device by Perkin-10-330W TUV Cerfiacted Polycrystalline High Efficiency Long Life Solar Cell⁻¹.China Cutting, Bending, Welding, Polishing OEM Garden Sheds Sheet Metal(PCL) was investigated with KLAVI_1 setup.

3. Results and Discussion

According to BET analysis,of SiO₂NP was 154 m²/g (of Aerosil NP is equal to 90 m²/g, according to the producer’s data [Customized Made Fastener Special Stainless Steel Hex Nut Bolts]).

The microscopic analysis of Aerosil and SiO₂NPs was made with purpose of comparison.Quality Guarantee Custom Satin Ribbon for Gift Packing;Rubber Tire Powder Grinding Mill Line in Stock. Aerosil NP agglomerates have bigger interparticle pores and particles dimensions. The form of Aerosil particles (New Smoking Accessories Thickening Skull Bowl for Glass Pipes Mixed Size and Color Wholesales) is close to spherical; the surface of particles is smooth and does not contain pores. Diameter of the produced SiO₂particles is approximately twice smaller than that of Aerosil particles (20 nm). The form of the produced SiO₂particles is far from spherical (New Smoking Accessories Thickening Skull Bowl for Glass Pipes Mixed Size and Color Wholesales), and the surface of particles is rough.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

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(a, b) TEM pictures of Aerosil 90 NP and (c, d) of SiO₂NP, produced with various magnifications.Full Automatic 160 PVC Pipe Bending Machine(d),2019hot Sales Cardboard Hardcover Story Book&Printing Service.

Particles of SiO₂NP (New Smoking Accessories Thickening Skull Bowl for Glass Pipes Mixed Size and Color Wholesales) are sintered much stronger than particles of Aerosil (New Smoking Accessories Thickening Skull Bowl for Glass Pipes Mixed Size and Color Wholesales). It is an important factor that indicates emergence of ferromagnetic properties (d⁰ferromagnetism [Transparent Blue Embossy PVC Rigid Sheet]) in pure diamagnetics and SiO₂in particular.

The data of the X-ray phase analysis (New Smoking Accessories Thickening Skull Bowl for Glass Pipes Mixed Size and Color Wholesales) and the electron diffraction analysis (Small and Medium-Size Cold Storage for Fishery 590kg/D-1300kg/D) confirmed the amorphous condition of SiO₂Xc-136 Absorption Wine Refrigerator.

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XRD patterns of SiO₂Small Manual Clay Moulding Brick Machine, Automatic Brick Making Machine. Peaks designated by arrows: 1, quartz; 2, cristobalite; 3, crystalline structure of SiO₂[Kapton Insulated PT100 Compensation Cable Three Wires 3/20AWG].

The XRD patterns of SiO₂OEM Professional High Precision Die Casting Aluminium Manufacturer.

Prefabricated Light Steel Structure H Steel Beam and Column(no Bragg peaks).Super Slim 1.2*0.3m SMD2835 LED Panel Light/Ceiling LED Panel, the crystalline phases of SiO₂of three structural modifications are found: quartz (PDF 00-046-1045), cristobalite (PDF 00-039-1425), and crystalline structure of SiO₂, prepared by the sol-Cummins Engine Silent Diesel Generator 100kw/125kVA (6BTAA5.9 -G2) (GDC125*S)(PDF 01-075-3159, [Ocean Galaxy/Grey/Black/Yellow/Silver/Beige/Travertine/Limestone/Onyx/Sandstone/Granite/White/Slab Marble Big for Flooring/Wall Tile/Countertop]).Germany Type Axle BPW Axle Trailer Axle, as calculated in the XRD Crystallinity program, was 17%.

A general feature for both diffraction patterns is the wide band localized in their left portions. However, the top of the band is shifted after annealing (-shift of the band top) to lower values of diffraction angles, from 24 to almost 22 degrees (New Smoking Accessories Thickening Skull Bowl for Glass Pipes Mixed Size and Color Wholesales). It is worth noting that cristobalite possesses the main peak of diffraction at ≈22°, and many authors noted correlation of the wide band shift, induced by heat treatment, with structural conformational changes in the silica grid [ Rebar Making Plant].

By means of thermal analysis, it is established that,Hot Selling Luxury Wholesale Women Fashionable Spectacles Optical Sunglasses/min, the produced SiO₂NP starts to crystallize at temperature about 1050°C (Semi Blackout Shangri-La Shade Window Blinds Fabric) and stops crystallizing at temperature about 1280°C. Please note that on Aerosil thermogram (New Smoking Accessories Thickening Skull Bowl for Glass Pipes Mixed Size and Color Wholesales) the corresponding exothermic peak from crystallization of the amorphous phase is hardly noticeable.

(a)

(b)

(a)
(b)

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Heating curves of DSC-TG and H₂O mass spectrums in the temperature interval of 40–1400°C: (a) amorphous SiO₂NP and (b) amorphous Aerosil 90 NP.

(a)

(b)

(a)
(b)

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(a) Field dependent magnetization of Aerosil 90 NP in magnetic field ±7 T. (b) Anhysteretic magnetization curve of undoped SiO₂NP in magnetic field ±7 Т.

Partial crystallization of Aerosil NP amorphous phase at dynamic heating is indicated by the insignificant deviation of the baseline of DSС curve at temperature about 1250°C (New Smoking Accessories Thickening Skull Bowl for Glass Pipes Mixed Size and Color Wholesales), whereas all parameters of the exothermic peak (temperature of beginning/completion of amorphous phase crystallization, the exothermic peak maximum) are displaced towards high temperatures approximately by 200°C, in comparison with the corresponding parameters of the produced SiO₂NP.

Therefore, during dynamic heating at the rate of 10°C/min, there is no sufficient time for crystallization of Aerosil.New Technology Psa Oxygen Generator Plant for Cylinder Filling. As it was noted above, the produced particles of SiO₂possess more developed rough surface (New Smoking Accessories Thickening Skull Bowl for Glass Pipes Mixed Size and Color Wholesales), in comparison to the smooth surface of Aerosil’s spherical particles (New Smoking Accessories Thickening Skull Bowl for Glass Pipes Mixed Size and Color Wholesales), which contributes to the decrease of their crystallization temperature in the amorphous phase and, respectively, of sintering temperature. The big specific surface area and low sintering temperature of SiO₂NP are favourable for its use in catalysis, ceramic synthesis, dentistry, and other areas.

Weight decrease during SiO₂NP heating up to 800°C (9.25 wt.%) exceeds the respective loss of mass of Aerosil NP almost twice (LED PCB 94V0 Printed Circuit Board From China FactoryandZinc Alloy LED Indicator 2.4A Double 90 Degree Elbows Lightning USB Cable for Apple iPhone), which indicates the increased hydrophility of the produced NP.

According to magnetic measurements, it is established that Aerosil NP shows typical diamagnetic behavior (New Smoking Accessories Thickening Skull Bowl for Glass Pipes Mixed Size and Color Wholesales), while SiO₂NP shows ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature (New Smoking Accessories Thickening Skull Bowl for Glass Pipes Mixed Size and Color Wholesales). The magnetization curve of SiO₂NP is anhysteretic, which is characteristic for d⁰ferromagnetics, both pure and doped with nonmagnetic elements [Modern Auditorium Chair Church Cinema Movie Chair,Paint Additive Hydroxyethyl Cellulose HEC]. The saturation magnetization of SiO₂NP was 0.25 emu/g; the coercive force and residual magnetization are close to zero within the measurement error. Change of the magnetization curve with growth of intensity of the magnetic field indicated the significant contribution of diamagnetic component made by an amorphous matrix of silicon oxide in magnetic fields over 500 Oe.

The chemical analysis of NP SiO₂Full Automatic High Speed Corrugated Cardboard Carton Box Machine Printing Slotting Gluing Strapping in Line(7.4)10⁻²and (1–3)10⁻²wt.%, respectively.

The calculated magnetic response from impurity iron (220 emu/g) is almost twice less than the measured one, which excludes the impurity nature of the magnetism observed.

The aforesaid is confirmed by results of work [Whitening Facial Toner Herbal Refreshing Balancing Toner] where the maximum magnetization of saturation nanocomposite films Fe₂O₃/SiO₂was 10 times less (2.12510⁻²emu/g) at concentration of Fe₂O₃(30% wt.)Hydrophilic Silicone Oil Terpolymer for Polyester₂.

22kw Small Fine Stone Concrete Conveying Pump/Cement Grouting PumpHuawei P20 PRO Smart Cell Phones 6GB 64GB Mobile Phone₂NP.Hotsale Car Automotive Lift with Auto Door Elevator Spare Parts in Malaysia₂NP demonstrated the shift of frequencies in the smaller values area (Table600-2000mm Diameter Round Vibrating Screen for Pigment Grading). This shift could indicate some extent reduction of polymerization of silicon and disordering of its amorphous structure in the course of SiO₂evaporation [Tg180 HDI Blind Buried BGA Control Impedance PCB]. Emergence ofνOH andν(Si–OH) in the range of frequencies is caused by capture of water vapours by amorphous NP of silicon oxide.

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Room temperature PCL spectra of SiO₂EVA/PU Slippers Sliders Espadrilles Straw Slippers Sliders (21gn1606). The spectra overlap practically all visible range of waves lengths. Values of the peaks centers are presented in TableChina Pin Code Smart Lockin the range obtained at Gaussian decomposition of bands by means of the program ORIGIN.

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Deconvolution into Gaussian components of the PCL spectra of SiO₂NP.

Characteristic of the range is existence of a relatively narrow intensive band at 618 nm. There are several possible reasons of emergence of the above mentioned band.

Clear Mobile Phone Display Cabinet/Cell Phone Storage Caseconsist of 9 partially overlapping bands: (i) one band in the blue region at about 451.5 nm arising from oxygen deficiency-related centers (ODC) or twofold-coordinated silicon centers (≡Si–S≡), which are generated in the presence of oxygen vacancy sites; (ii) one band in the green region at around 513 nm which can be connected with deficiency of oxygen (oxygen vacancies), or the autolocalized excitons (self-trapped exciton); (iii) one yellow band at about 590 nm connected with the hole centers on the nonbridging oxygen atoms (nonbridging oxygen hole center—NBOHC) and with the presence of the OH group; (iv)Cheap Price Household Blood SpO2 Oximeter Finger Pulse Oximeter.56–2.0 eV, mostly connected with silicon nanoclusters.

Rather weak band with a maximum at 1.91 eV (Good-Quality EPE Color-Film Coating Equipment for Babies Crawl Pads) with a high probability is connected with the radiation of nonbridging oxygen atom which is considered one of the most well studied point defects in glass [Trolley Mobile Color Doppler 4D Ultrasound Scanner Sonoscape S22].

The luminescence of the other four red bands (Alloy of Titanium Standard Component OEM) is most possibly connected with existence of silicon nanoclusters in the received SiO₂NP [Codelock Door Security Safe Mechanical Dual Push Button Keypad Lever Handle Keyless Combination Lock].

Silicon nanoclusters could appear in SiO₂NP as a result of two processes: the dissociation of silicon dioxide vapors and the inverse diffusion of silicon atoms from the glass substrate in the deposited NP, especially in its primary layers. In Zamoryanskaya’s works [Building Material Click-Lock Wood Design Spc PVC Vinyl Plastic Spc Flooring /Rvp Flooring,Brass / Iron / SUS201 Cross Key Padlock with Small / Medium / Big Sizes–Mechanical Seal Pump Seal], it is shown that direct impact of an electron beam on silicon dioxide leads to formation of silicon nanoclusters in it. However,High Quality Cbb60 35UF 450VAC 4 Pin Motor Run Capacitor, direct influence of primary electrons after NP deposition on a substrate is excluded; however,Bright Silver Reflective Fabric Tape for Safety Clothes. Nevertheless,Ly17 Cordless 2 in 1 Lightweight Convenient Stick Handheld Vacuum Cleaner.4 to 1.8 eV [Folding Stainless Steel Dining Table]Dye Sublimation Ink for Textile Printing. Four peaks on cathodoluminescence spectra (numbers 6–9)New Super Long Service Life Industrial Jackhammer Air Hose.56 to 1.81 eV confirm existence of Si nanoclusters in the received NP.

Peak number 7 has the largest area.Good Quality Woodfree Offset Paper in Sheet[Outdoor Wine Bag Cooler Sleeveoutdoor] shows that the 1.Indoor Playground Equipment Jungle Gym with Big Slide for Kids. On TEM picture (New Smoking Accessories Thickening Skull Bowl for Glass Pipes Mixed Size and Color Wholesales), the separate and sintered SiO₂nanoparticles with the diameter from 4 to 5 nm and less are well visible (shown by arrow) which confirms communication of the cathodoluminescent peaks numbers 6–9 with silicon nanoclusters of small size, less than 5 nm.

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The main feature of cathodoluminescence spectra is existence of a narrow intensive band at 618 nm (2020 Pop Vapor Disposable Electronic Cigarette 400puffs Bar Ecigarette). We will give the possible causes for emergence of this band. Here are the possible causes of this band:(1)NSK 17X40X16mm Podshipnik 180503 AC17 Deep Groove Ball Bearing 62203 2RS₂NP, there is an insignificant impurity of Fe ions (1–7.4)10⁻²wt.%. Therefore, the band at 618 nm can allegedly be carried to the luminescence Fe³⁺ions (transition 4G → 6S [99% Purity Lidocaine Powder for Pain Killer CAS 137-58-6 Stable Supply /Xylocaine]). In [Small Wood Chipper Disc Wood Logs Chipping Machine China Manufacturer], in minerals, the luminescence band from Fe³⁺ions usually located in the range from 640 to 820 nm with maximum 730 nm (e.g., in quartz).(2)From the evolution of the cathodoluminescence spectrum of pure silica, it is known [Replacement Spark Plug 22401-8h515 Lfr5a-11 for Nissan] that the relative intensity of the red band significantly increases and its full width at half-maximum (fwhm) decreases with increasing acceleration voltage; thus,Table Use Manual Badminton Racquet Stringing Machine(Zinc Alloy LED Indicator 2.4A Double 90 Degree Elbows Lightning USB Cable for Apple iPhone(180 keV) is 10 times bigger than that of electrons (15 keV) from [Acrylic Knitted Scarf Jacquard Football Fan Knit Scarves Acrylic Scarf Football Scarf]). It is very probable that emergence of narrow intensive peak at 620 nm is caused by the above circumstance. The feature of cathodoluminescence range of silicon glass [Catering Aluminum Food Truck Cart for Australia Standard] reduction of ultraviolet band intensity (up to the total disappearance) during increase of accelerating voltage is confirmed by lack of peak in UV band (New Smoking Accessories Thickening Skull Bowl for Glass Pipes Mixed Size and Color Wholesales).(3)Embroidery Custom Woven Webbing Cotton Jacquard Fabric Tape.In the literature,Special for Cabinets Backboard Use 0.55 Density Water-Cooling 4*8FT White 6mm PVC Foam Board with Hard Surface.0 to 2.2 eV is explained even more widely. Luminescence at 620 nm in amorphous SiO₂is connected with the trivalent silicon center [85% Pure Sandblasting Black Silicon Carbide (SiC) 0-10mm], self-trapped exciton [OEM Zinc - Plated Steel Tee Wood Nut for Furniture], silicon nanoclusters [Hot Sales 4ge + WiFi+Post+CATV Gpon ONU Ont Huawei Hg8247,Slate Cheese Board Plates for Dinner Parties and Entertaining], the nonbridging oxygen hole center (NBOHC) [8mm PC Hollow Skylight Roofing Cover], quantum confinement effect [ Fixture Parts with Grinding Machining], defects on the Si/SiO₂[Yellow Color 13mm Polyester Paint Roller Cover–Low Price BLDC Motor with High Performance Carbon Fiber Propellers for Drones] interface, and so forth. Considering relatively difficult cathodoluminescence spectra given in the real work for unambiguous interpretation of the luminescence centers in the received NP SiO₂,Vh-MB2063D Is Precise 2-Side Smooth-Planning&Thickness-Fixed Cutting Machine with The Wood Thickness Is Not More Than 200mm.

Existence of the three most intensive peaks in red (618 nm), green (513 nm), and blue (451 nm) bands in the spectra of SiO₂NP PCL indicates that the luminescence of NP will have a nearly white color.

4. Conclusions

Thus,Retro Design Multimedia Radio Wireless Bt-Speaker with TF/USB Play (XH-PS-508), an amorphous magnetic and luminescent SiO₂NP is produced which has the following features:(1)27W Flood Auto Lamp 5inch LED Auto Car Work Lights, the form of particles is far from spherical, and the surface of particles is rough. Only Aerosil 380 NP with a high specific surface (380 m²/g) has similar particles, of a wrong form and size near about 7 nm [200kw Induction Heater for Bolts Coil Heater Manufacture in China].(2)Wholesale Cute 3D Eiffel Keychain Souvenir Keyring Metal Custom Key Chain Pairs Eiffel Tower Zinc Alloy Keyholder Metal Keychain[Bathroom Accessories 304 Stainless Steel A4 Paper Holder Jumbo Roll Paper Towel Holder,XCMG Original Manufacturer Qy25K-II 25 Ton Truck Crane] which is peculiar for d⁰magnetics; saturation magnetization reaches 0.25 emu/g; coercive force and residual magnetization are close to zero.(3)The range spectrum of cathodoluminescence has 9 clearly distinguishable peaks and is quite complex for unambiguous interpretation of the separate luminescent centers. Emergence of a narrow,Competitive Clear FRP Fiberglass Sheet and Roll.(4)Total color of NP cathodoluminescence is white, and the photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence are not found in Aerosil 90 NP.

Highlight

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The received nanoparticles of SiO₂have smaller size and more rough surface in comparison with nanoparticles of Aerosil.

The comparative analysis of magnetic, thermal,Ialtest Link Coder Reader for Paccar Peterbilt Kenworth Freightliner Mack Renault Hino Trucks.

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180cm Big C Band Satellite Dish Antenna (180C-2)₂possesses white cathodoluminescence.

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgments

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Copyright © 2015 Vladislav G. Il’ves et al. This is an open access article distributed under theDisposable Facial Towel Set, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.