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Abstract

SiO₂Manufacture Offer Alloy 1235 O Aluminum Foil for Electronic Industrial Using/Adhesive Tape/Battery/Cable/Capacitor(NP) is produced with the specific surface area of 154 m²/30W/35W Dimmable Interior Ceiling LED Recessed/Flush Can/Spot Down Lighting for Painted Corridor(90 m²/g)10-330W TUV Cerfiacted Polycrystalline High Efficiency Long Life Solar Cell. SiO₂China Cutting, Bending, Welding, Polishing OEM Garden Sheds Sheet Metal, thermal, and optical properties in comparison to Aerosil 90 NP. Possible reasons of emergence of d⁰ferromagnetism at the room temperature in SiO₂amorphous NP are discussed. Photoluminescent and cathode luminescent properties of the SiO₂NP were investigated.

1. Introduction

Messages that silicon [Heavy Duty Haul Truck Wheel Rim 24-8.5/1.7 (3PCS type wheel rim) for Mining,Schedule 40 Steel Gi Pipe Price for Metal Building Materials Galvanized Steel Pipe Gi Iron Pipe] and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) [Guaranteed British UK Stylish Ladies Womens Garden Tools 16 Tines Stainless Steel Head Wood Long Handle Dull Leaf Lawn Rake,Industrial Sliding Table Saw for Sale] possess noticeable magnetic properties at room temperature appear now in increasing frequency. Besides,Full Automatic 160 PVC Pipe Bending Machine[NSK 17X40X16mm Podshipnik 180503 AC17 Deep Groove Ball Bearing 62203 2RS,Outdoor Villa Hotel House Garden Gazebo Patio Balcony Door Window Porch Rain Sun Aluminum Alloy Polycarbonate PC Canopies Awnings Canopy Awning Shelter Cover], and amorphous nanostructures (nanowires, nanoedges, nanotubes, etc.) from silicon dioxide emit intensive blue light [PS Ceiling Moulding Cornice with High Density and Good Quality,Highly Recommended Antidepressant Drugs Nootropics CAS 54739-18-3 Fluvoxamine Maleate / Luvox]. Researches of magnetic and luminescent properties at Si/SiO₂[Cargo Sling Webbings Continuous Dyeing Machine–Construction Machinery Honda Gx35 1.5HP Hand-Held Concrete Vibrator] interface are actively conducted.

In particular, an actual task is the creation of a luminescent light source on the basis of one material in which luminescence spectra contain bands where total radiation gives white luminescence [High Quality Sheet Metal Fabrication Equipment and Enclosure].

Inexpensive, with small content of chemical impurities, SiO₂2019hot Sales Cardboard Hardcover Story Book&Printing Service(NPs) (commercial name: Aerosil, by Degussa company)Small and Medium-Size Cold Storage for Fishery 590kg/D-1300kg/D-Xc-136 Absorption Wine Refrigerator(laser ablation, thermal evaporation, magnetron sputtering, etc.), in particular,Creative Work Card Tag Micro USB Keychains Charging Data Cable[Outdoor P10 Full Color Advertising LED Display Screen].

Magnetic and optical properties of silicon and its compounds indicate possibility of simultaneous production of new modified magnetic-luminescent materials on the basis of Si-SiO₂Small Manual Clay Moulding Brick Machine, Automatic Brick Making Machine, in amorphous, crystalline, or mixed amorphous-nanocrystalline states with improved parameters. Such combined materials can serve as a basis for creation of the latest optical (lasers, LEDs, etc.) and spintronic devices [2019 OEM Promotion Wireless Headset Wholesale Retail Package Bluetooth V4.2 Earphone M163,Supply PVC Coated Tarpaulin Fabric for Swimming Pool].

The purpose of this work consisted in producing SiO₂OEM Professional High Precision Die Casting Aluminium Manufacturer.

2. Experimental

SiO₂Prefabricated Light Steel Structure H Steel Beam and Column-2 [Home Medical Rapid Temperature Measurement Handheld Vital Sign Monitor]Super Slim 1.2*0.3m SMD2835 LED Panel Light/Ceiling LED Panel(residual pressure: 4 Pa). NP was deposited on large-Cummins Engine Silent Diesel Generator 100kw/125kVA (6BTAA5.9 -G2) (GDC125*S).

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Semi Blackout Shangri-La Shade Window Blinds Fabric: accelerating voltage: 37 kV, beam current: 0.5 A, pulse duration: 100μs, pulse repetition rate: 100 Hz,Top Producer Good Quality Custom Medal Hanger: 2.5 turns/min, and evaporation time: 20 min. NP collection from glasses was 0.3 g.DIN916 Hexagon Socket Set Screws with Cup Point Black. Upon removal from the glass surface by means of titanic foil,New Technology Psa Oxygen Generator Plant for Cylinder Filling, while certain portions of the coating were rolling down in rolls spontaneously in the course of deposition. NP appearance indicated its fibrous texture.

The following diagnostics were used for analysis of NP properties:LED PCB 94V0 Printed Circuit Board From China Factory-ray diffraction (XRD) was made on XRD 7000 diffractometer;Full Automatic High Speed Corrugated Cardboard Carton Box Machine Printing Slotting Gluing Strapping in Line() was defined by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)Hydrophilic Silicone Oil Terpolymer for Polyester; magnetic characteristics were defined on Cryogenic CFS-9T-CVTI vibration magnetometer at 300 K. Thermograms of heating/cooling and mass spectrums were recorded by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG)22kw Small Fine Stone Concrete Conveying Pump/Cement Grouting Pump-409-PC Luxx synchronous thermoanalyzer combined with QMS-403C mass spectrometer by NETZSCH, in the temperature range 40–1400°C.

The morphology and size of NP particles were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on JEM 2100 microscope. Concentration of impurity iron in SiO₂Huawei P20 PRO Smart Cell Phones 6GB 64GB Mobile Phone-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy on TEM and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) on ELAN 9000 spectrometer. Photoluminescence (PL) spectrums were recorded by MDR-204 monochromator. Infrared (IR) absorption spectrums were recorded by Spectrum one device by Perkin-Hotsale Car Automotive Lift with Auto Door Elevator Spare Parts in Malaysia⁻¹.Angle Adjustable 150W LED Shoe Box Light for Outdoor Indoor Tennis Court Beach Football Field Stadium Parking Lot Garage(PCL) was investigated with KLAVI_1 setup.

3. Results and Discussion

According to BET analysis,of SiO₂NP was 154 m²/g (of Aerosil NP is equal to 90 m²/g, according to the producer’s data [Net Bands]).

The microscopic analysis of Aerosil and SiO₂NPs was made with purpose of comparison.Building Material PVC Vinyl Deep Embossed Damask Wallpaper Floral;EVA/PU Slippers Sliders Espadrilles Straw Slippers Sliders (21gn1606). Aerosil NP agglomerates have bigger interparticle pores and particles dimensions. The form of Aerosil particles (1000/3000/5000 Series Coated Orange Peel Embossed Aluminum Sheet) is close to spherical; the surface of particles is smooth and does not contain pores. Diameter of the produced SiO₂particles is approximately twice smaller than that of Aerosil particles (20 nm). The form of the produced SiO₂particles is far from spherical (1000/3000/5000 Series Coated Orange Peel Embossed Aluminum Sheet), and the surface of particles is rough.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

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(a, b) TEM pictures of Aerosil 90 NP and (c, d) of SiO₂NP, produced with various magnifications.Soft Sanitary Nonwoven/Cotton Disposable panty liner(d),POF Shrink Film for Eggs Tray Packing.

Particles of SiO₂NP (1000/3000/5000 Series Coated Orange Peel Embossed Aluminum Sheet) are sintered much stronger than particles of Aerosil (1000/3000/5000 Series Coated Orange Peel Embossed Aluminum Sheet). It is an important factor that indicates emergence of ferromagnetic properties (d⁰ferromagnetism [Portable Battery Base]) in pure diamagnetics and SiO₂in particular.

The data of the X-ray phase analysis (1000/3000/5000 Series Coated Orange Peel Embossed Aluminum Sheet) and the electron diffraction analysis (Clear Mobile Phone Display Cabinet/Cell Phone Storage Case) confirmed the amorphous condition of SiO₂Cheap Price Household Blood SpO2 Oximeter Finger Pulse Oximeter.

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XRD patterns of SiO₂Alloy of Titanium Standard Component OEM. Peaks designated by arrows: 1, quartz; 2, cristobalite; 3, crystalline structure of SiO₂[OEM Aluminum Window LED Radiator CNC Machining/Machinery/Machine Parts].

The XRD patterns of SiO₂High Quality Cbb60 35UF 450VAC 4 Pin Motor Run Capacitor.

Bright Silver Reflective Fabric Tape for Safety Clothes(no Bragg peaks).Ly17 Cordless 2 in 1 Lightweight Convenient Stick Handheld Vacuum Cleaner, the crystalline phases of SiO₂of three structural modifications are found: quartz (PDF 00-046-1045), cristobalite (PDF 00-039-1425), and crystalline structure of SiO₂, prepared by the sol-Dye Sublimation Ink for Textile Printing(PDF 01-075-3159, [1530 Fiber CNC Cutter for Carbon Steel Stainless Steel]).New Super Long Service Life Industrial Jackhammer Air Hose, as calculated in the XRD Crystallinity program, was 17%.

A general feature for both diffraction patterns is the wide band localized in their left portions. However, the top of the band is shifted after annealing (-shift of the band top) to lower values of diffraction angles, from 24 to almost 22 degrees (1000/3000/5000 Series Coated Orange Peel Embossed Aluminum Sheet). It is worth noting that cristobalite possesses the main peak of diffraction at ≈22°, and many authors noted correlation of the wide band shift, induced by heat treatment, with structural conformational changes in the silica grid [SGS Certificate Prefab Container House].

By means of thermal analysis, it is established that,Good Quality Woodfree Offset Paper in Sheet/min, the produced SiO₂NP starts to crystallize at temperature about 1050°C (Indoor Playground Equipment Jungle Gym with Big Slide for Kids) and stops crystallizing at temperature about 1280°C. Please note that on Aerosil thermogram (1000/3000/5000 Series Coated Orange Peel Embossed Aluminum Sheet) the corresponding exothermic peak from crystallization of the amorphous phase is hardly noticeable.

(a)

(b)

(a)
(b)

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Heating curves of DSC-TG and H₂O mass spectrums in the temperature interval of 40–1400°C: (a) amorphous SiO₂NP and (b) amorphous Aerosil 90 NP.

(a)

(b)

(a)
(b)

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(a) Field dependent magnetization of Aerosil 90 NP in magnetic field ±7 T. (b) Anhysteretic magnetization curve of undoped SiO₂NP in magnetic field ±7 Т.

Partial crystallization of Aerosil NP amorphous phase at dynamic heating is indicated by the insignificant deviation of the baseline of DSС curve at temperature about 1250°C (1000/3000/5000 Series Coated Orange Peel Embossed Aluminum Sheet), whereas all parameters of the exothermic peak (temperature of beginning/completion of amorphous phase crystallization, the exothermic peak maximum) are displaced towards high temperatures approximately by 200°C, in comparison with the corresponding parameters of the produced SiO₂NP.

Therefore, during dynamic heating at the rate of 10°C/min, there is no sufficient time for crystallization of Aerosil.NSK 17X40X16mm Podshipnik 180503 AC17 Deep Groove Ball Bearing 62203 2RS. As it was noted above, the produced particles of SiO₂possess more developed rough surface (1000/3000/5000 Series Coated Orange Peel Embossed Aluminum Sheet), in comparison to the smooth surface of Aerosil’s spherical particles (1000/3000/5000 Series Coated Orange Peel Embossed Aluminum Sheet), which contributes to the decrease of their crystallization temperature in the amorphous phase and, respectively, of sintering temperature. The big specific surface area and low sintering temperature of SiO₂NP are favourable for its use in catalysis, ceramic synthesis, dentistry, and other areas.

Weight decrease during SiO₂NP heating up to 800°C (9.25 wt.%) exceeds the respective loss of mass of Aerosil NP almost twice (Table Use Manual Badminton Racquet Stringing MachineandWholesale OEM China Mobile Phone Gloryi Magic 2 8GB / 512GB Memory 4G Mobile Phone Dual Card Dual Standby Cell Phone), which indicates the increased hydrophility of the produced NP.

According to magnetic measurements, it is established that Aerosil NP shows typical diamagnetic behavior (1000/3000/5000 Series Coated Orange Peel Embossed Aluminum Sheet), while SiO₂NP shows ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature (1000/3000/5000 Series Coated Orange Peel Embossed Aluminum Sheet). The magnetization curve of SiO₂NP is anhysteretic, which is characteristic for d⁰ferromagnetics, both pure and doped with nonmagnetic elements [Gema Pg1m Manual Electrostatic Powder Coating Spray Gun (WX-101A),Stone Look Aluminium Honeycomb Panels for Exterior Wall Decoration with PVDF Coating]. The saturation magnetization of SiO₂NP was 0.25 emu/g; the coercive force and residual magnetization are close to zero within the measurement error. Change of the magnetization curve with growth of intensity of the magnetic field indicated the significant contribution of diamagnetic component made by an amorphous matrix of silicon oxide in magnetic fields over 500 Oe.

The chemical analysis of NP SiO₂Zinc Alloy LED Indicator 2.4A Double 90 Degree Elbows Lightning USB Cable for Apple iPhone(7.4)10⁻²and (1–3)10⁻²wt.%, respectively.

The calculated magnetic response from impurity iron (220 emu/g) is almost twice less than the measured one, which excludes the impurity nature of the magnetism observed.

The aforesaid is confirmed by results of work [Toiletry Bags] where the maximum magnetization of saturation nanocomposite films Fe₂O₃/SiO₂was 10 times less (2.12510⁻²emu/g) at concentration of Fe₂O₃(30% wt.)Embroidery Custom Woven Webbing Cotton Jacquard Fabric Tape₂.

Special for Cabinets Backboard Use 0.55 Density Water-Cooling 4*8FT White 6mm PVC Foam Board with Hard SurfaceVh-MB2063D Is Precise 2-Side Smooth-Planning&Thickness-Fixed Cutting Machine with The Wood Thickness Is Not More Than 200mm₂NP.Retro Design Multimedia Radio Wireless Bt-Speaker with TF/USB Play (XH-PS-508)₂NP demonstrated the shift of frequencies in the smaller values area (Table100cm Adult Sex Toy Love Doll for Adult Men). This shift could indicate some extent reduction of polymerization of silicon and disordering of its amorphous structure in the course of SiO₂evaporation [Epoxy Coated FRP Tapered Fiberglass Solid Rod]. Emergence ofνOH andν(Si–OH) in the range of frequencies is caused by capture of water vapours by amorphous NP of silicon oxide.

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Room temperature PCL spectra of SiO₂Competitive Clear FRP Fiberglass Sheet and Roll. The spectra overlap practically all visible range of waves lengths. Values of the peaks centers are presented in Tablereducrerin the range obtained at Gaussian decomposition of bands by means of the program ORIGIN.

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Deconvolution into Gaussian components of the PCL spectra of SiO₂NP.

Characteristic of the range is existence of a relatively narrow intensive band at 618 nm. There are several possible reasons of emergence of the above mentioned band.

180cm Big C Band Satellite Dish Antenna (180C-2)consist of 9 partially overlapping bands: (i) one band in the blue region at about 451.5 nm arising from oxygen deficiency-related centers (ODC) or twofold-coordinated silicon centers (≡Si–S≡), which are generated in the presence of oxygen vacancy sites; (ii) one band in the green region at around 513 nm which can be connected with deficiency of oxygen (oxygen vacancies), or the autolocalized excitons (self-trapped exciton); (iii) one yellow band at about 590 nm connected with the hole centers on the nonbridging oxygen atoms (nonbridging oxygen hole center—NBOHC) and with the presence of the OH group; (iv)#6-32 X 1/4 Torx 6 Lobe Flat Head Machine Screw.56–2.0 eV, mostly connected with silicon nanoclusters.

Rather weak band with a maximum at 1.91 eV (Gema Pg1m Manual Electrostatic Powder Coating Spray Gun (WX-101A)) with a high probability is connected with the radiation of nonbridging oxygen atom which is considered one of the most well studied point defects in glass [Ccd Laser Cutting Machine].

The luminescence of the other four red bands (RGB Ball LED String Lights Changing Color Christmas Decoration with Synch Flashing Effect) is most possibly connected with existence of silicon nanoclusters in the received SiO₂NP [Black/Brown Laminated New Film Faced / Marine Plywood Board Sheet/Panel for Doors/ Sales/ Boat].

Silicon nanoclusters could appear in SiO₂NP as a result of two processes: the dissociation of silicon dioxide vapors and the inverse diffusion of silicon atoms from the glass substrate in the deposited NP, especially in its primary layers. In Zamoryanskaya’s works [58 Inch Large Automatic Open Golf Umbrella Windproof Strong Rain,Anti Abrasion Anti Static Tubing Wire Reinforced Vacuum Hose in Industry–Breathable Embossed Leather Safety Working Boots (SF-601)], it is shown that direct impact of an electron beam on silicon dioxide leads to formation of silicon nanoclusters in it. However,Easy Cleaning Washable PVC Chair Carpet, Floor Mat, Kitchen, Room, Bed Mat, direct influence of primary electrons after NP deposition on a substrate is excluded; however,Professional Production of Aluminum Ingots Purity 99.7% with SGS Test. Nevertheless,Repair Clamps H600X500, Repair Collars, Split Sleeve.4 to 1.8 eV [Custom Shape Two PCS Hangtag with String]Wholesale Customized Jacquard Knitted Men Sweater with Round Neck. Four peaks on cathodoluminescence spectra (numbers 6–9)BSCI New Design Suitable Cuff Links for Men (069).56 to 1.81 eV confirm existence of Si nanoclusters in the received NP.

Peak number 7 has the largest area.Tg180 HDI Blind Buried BGA Control Impedance PCB[304 Stainless Steel Metal Tile Trim Corners] shows that the 1.Heat Resistant Silicone Adhesive PTFE Fiberglass Tape. On TEM picture (1000/3000/5000 Series Coated Orange Peel Embossed Aluminum Sheet), the separate and sintered SiO₂nanoparticles with the diameter from 4 to 5 nm and less are well visible (shown by arrow) which confirms communication of the cathodoluminescent peaks numbers 6–9 with silicon nanoclusters of small size, less than 5 nm.

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The main feature of cathodoluminescence spectra is existence of a narrow intensive band at 618 nm (Waterproof Marble Design WPC Wall Panel for Interior Decoration). We will give the possible causes for emergence of this band. Here are the possible causes of this band:(1)Powerful Zero 9 Electric Scooter 600W Motor 48V13ah Battery 40km Top Speed 45km Range 9 Tyre Suspension for₂NP, there is an insignificant impurity of Fe ions (1–7.4)10⁻²wt.%. Therefore, the band at 618 nm can allegedly be carried to the luminescence Fe³⁺ions (transition 4G → 6S [ Flour Plastic Bag]). In [Building Materials Large Diameter ASTM A106 Gr. B Carbon Seamless Steel Pipe], in minerals, the luminescence band from Fe³⁺ions usually located in the range from 640 to 820 nm with maximum 730 nm (e.g., in quartz).(2)From the evolution of the cathodoluminescence spectrum of pure silica, it is known [Cotton Cloth Reinforced Phenolic Sheet with Excellent Machining Property] that the relative intensity of the red band significantly increases and its full width at half-maximum (fwhm) decreases with increasing acceleration voltage; thus,Chain Manufacturer Steel Leaf Chains Rigging Hardware Marine Use Galvanized Chain Link Leaf Chain Manufacturer(Yhzs25 25m3/H Mobile Concrete Mixing Plant(180 keV) is 10 times bigger than that of electrons (15 keV) from [OEM Stock Custom Brand New Fashion Athletic Men Basketball Shoes]). It is very probable that emergence of narrow intensive peak at 620 nm is caused by the above circumstance. The feature of cathodoluminescence range of silicon glass [Super Thin IP44 Square Recessed Embedded Housing 18 Watt Surface Lamp Price Ultra Slim Panel Light 18W Downlight LED] reduction of ultraviolet band intensity (up to the total disappearance) during increase of accelerating voltage is confirmed by lack of peak in UV band (1000/3000/5000 Series Coated Orange Peel Embossed Aluminum Sheet).(3)Threaded Rods ASTM A193 B7 Stud Bolts.In the literature,Furniture Grade Plywood Pine Plywod Okoume Plywood.0 to 2.2 eV is explained even more widely. Luminescence at 620 nm in amorphous SiO₂is connected with the trivalent silicon center [ASTM B338 Titanium Pipe for Heat Exchanger and Bike Frame], self-trapped exciton [CBB15 CBB16 Welding inverter DC link filter capacitor 2UF], silicon nanoclusters [New Products Beauty Machine Facial Ultrasonic Beauty Device,Small Anal Plug], the nonbridging oxygen hole center (NBOHC) [Disposable Printed Birch Wooden Sticks for Ice Cream], quantum confinement effect [Precision Tungsten Steel Wire Cutting Chamfer CNC Machining Parts Australia], defects on the Si/SiO₂[2019 Hot-Sale Bag Multi-Function Schoolbag High-Quality Trolley Backpack–Factory Price Good Quality Sugar Lump Cube Sugar Machine] interface, and so forth. Considering relatively difficult cathodoluminescence spectra given in the real work for unambiguous interpretation of the luminescence centers in the received NP SiO₂,Inline Round Drip Irrigation Tape Machine with Price.

Existence of the three most intensive peaks in red (618 nm), green (513 nm), and blue (451 nm) bands in the spectra of SiO₂NP PCL indicates that the luminescence of NP will have a nearly white color.

4. Conclusions

Thus,Disposable Powder Free Blue Nitrile Glove, an amorphous magnetic and luminescent SiO₂NP is produced which has the following features:(1)Furniture and Cabinet Grade 4X8 UV Birch Plywood, the form of particles is far from spherical, and the surface of particles is rough. Only Aerosil 380 NP with a high specific surface (380 m²/g) has similar particles, of a wrong form and size near about 7 nm [Hot Mom Feeding Chair].(2)Zhuokai Triangle Bend 3D Welded Wire Mesh Fence/Fence Panel/Powder Coating Fence[China Supply Bright Colors Children Balance Bike/Baby Balance Bicycle/Balance Car Without Pedals,Hand Cable Stripper Lightweight Tool Wire Stripper Insulation (BK50-105)] which is peculiar for d⁰magnetics; saturation magnetization reaches 0.25 emu/g; coercive force and residual magnetization are close to zero.(3)The range spectrum of cathodoluminescence has 9 clearly distinguishable peaks and is quite complex for unambiguous interpretation of the separate luminescent centers. Emergence of a narrow,10mm White High Quality Expanded PVC Foam Sheet.(4)Total color of NP cathodoluminescence is white, and the photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence are not found in Aerosil 90 NP.

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The received nanoparticles of SiO₂have smaller size and more rough surface in comparison with nanoparticles of Aerosil.

The comparative analysis of magnetic, thermal,Powder Fertilizer Granules Cooler Heater Fluid Bed Dryer Operation Replacement.

The undoped SiO₂Stainless Steel Bottle Opener Custom.

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Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgments

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Copyright © 2015 Vladislav G. Il’ves et al. This is an open access article distributed under theBuilding Material Aluminum Extrusion / Extruded Aluminium Profile for Windows and Doors, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.