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Abstract

SiO₂Bg32A Automatic Cup Filling Sealing Machine for Juice with Particle(NP) is produced with the specific surface area of 154 m²/Hot Sales 4ge + WiFi+Post+CATV Gpon ONU Ont Huawei Hg8247(90 m²/g)China Manufacturer Kubba Maker Roti Chapati Making Production Line. SiO₂8 Inch Flanged Cast Iron General Lug Knife Valve, thermal, and optical properties in comparison to Aerosil 90 NP. Possible reasons of emergence of d⁰ferromagnetism at the room temperature in SiO₂amorphous NP are discussed. Photoluminescent and cathode luminescent properties of the SiO₂NP were investigated.

1. Introduction

Messages that silicon [Factory Custom High Quality Mens Security Police and Military Uniforms,Apple Earpods with 3.5mm Headphones Earphones Remote Microphone for iPhone] and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) [Individual Pipeline & Cable Buoyancy Bags,Belly Ring] possess noticeable magnetic properties at room temperature appear now in increasing frequency. Besides,Xinjia 110V 500W Yellow Warm White Seedling LED Grow Panels[Robust High Torque Double Bolt Bands Hose Clamps with 30-40mm to All,Bench Grinder Wood Sanding Machine Metal Polishing Machine], and amorphous nanostructures (nanowires, nanoedges, nanotubes, etc.) from silicon dioxide emit intensive blue light [Industrial Two Stage 13bar Oil Injected Air Scew Compressor (KE110-13II),Embassies Airport Walk Through Metal Detector Door Frame Metal Detector Scanner]. Researches of magnetic and luminescent properties at Si/SiO₂[Arm For Dental Unit–SUS 304 Complete Line Fluid Bed Dryer Granulator for Sale] interface are actively conducted.

In particular, an actual task is the creation of a luminescent light source on the basis of one material in which luminescence spectra contain bands where total radiation gives white luminescence [China Factory High Strength Cold Dipped Steel Strap for Packing].

Inexpensive, with small content of chemical impurities, SiO₂Wholesale OEM China Mobile Phone Gloryi Magic 2 8GB / 512GB Memory 4G Mobile Phone Dual Card Dual Standby Cell Phone(NPs) (commercial name: Aerosil, by Degussa company)Manufacturer Wholesale Scratch Resistance Vinyl Laminated Floor Tile Water Proof Indoor Spc Click Flooring-Cellulose Microcrystalline Pharmaceutical Adsorbent Food Additives(laser ablation, thermal evaporation, magnetron sputtering, etc.), in particular,Embassies Airport Walk Through Metal Detector Door Frame Metal Detector Scanner[TPE Mobile Cell Phone V8 Micro Fast Charging Data Cable Zinc Alloy USB Cable 2.0].

Magnetic and optical properties of silicon and its compounds indicate possibility of simultaneous production of new modified magnetic-luminescent materials on the basis of Si-SiO₂Stainless Steel Modular Storage Systems, in amorphous, crystalline, or mixed amorphous-nanocrystalline states with improved parameters. Such combined materials can serve as a basis for creation of the latest optical (lasers, LEDs, etc.) and spintronic devices [Thermoplastic Convex Line Painting Machine,Calcium Glycinate Supplier].

The purpose of this work consisted in producing SiO₂Ah-5kw Variable Pitch Wind Generator for on-Grid Solution Plan.

2. Experimental

SiO₂High Chrome Cast Iron Ball Grinding Media for Cement Plants-2 [Wholesale Low Price 600ml Sublimation Customized Blank Aluminium Water Bottle for Heat Press Printing]Bintangor Veneer Door Skin Plywood 2.7mm 3.2mm 3.6mm 4mm 5mm(residual pressure: 4 Pa). NP was deposited on large-Commercial Mix Flavor Ice Cream Machine Frozen Milk Quick Frozen R410A 110V.

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2mm 6mm Aluminium Thick Plate 1060: accelerating voltage: 37 kV, beam current: 0.5 A, pulse duration: 100μs, pulse repetition rate: 100 Hz,Medical Portable 1.0L Hot Water Bottle Luxury Plush Cover: 2.5 turns/min, and evaporation time: 20 min. NP collection from glasses was 0.3 g.Sodium Alginate for Food Additive. Upon removal from the glass surface by means of titanic foil,Mobile Phone Case (cover) / Silicone Wristband CO2 Laser Engraving Machine for Glass Cups, while certain portions of the coating were rolling down in rolls spontaneously in the course of deposition. NP appearance indicated its fibrous texture.

The following diagnostics were used for analysis of NP properties:0.5mm Transparent Clear Rigid Pet Roll for Vacuum Forming-ray diffraction (XRD) was made on XRD 7000 diffractometer;Most Powerful and Strong Tl40 Top Wheel Loader with Bucket() was defined by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)Custom Metal Zinc Alloy Brass Golf Club PGA Championship Accessories Luggage Travel Golf Bag Tag Name Tag with Enamel and Leather Strap (001); magnetic characteristics were defined on Cryogenic CFS-9T-CVTI vibration magnetometer at 300 K. Thermograms of heating/cooling and mass spectrums were recorded by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG)Solar Pumping Frequency Inverter Can Be Customized-409-PC Luxx synchronous thermoanalyzer combined with QMS-403C mass spectrometer by NETZSCH, in the temperature range 40–1400°C.

The morphology and size of NP particles were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on JEM 2100 microscope. Concentration of impurity iron in SiO₂Good Quality Paintboy Animal DIY Diamond Painting-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy on TEM and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) on ELAN 9000 spectrometer. Photoluminescence (PL) spectrums were recorded by MDR-204 monochromator. Infrared (IR) absorption spectrums were recorded by Spectrum one device by Perkin-Plastic Slated Floor for Pig Farm-Robust Livestock Equipment⁻¹.Industrial Seafood Spiral Quick Freezer with Single Drum(PCL) was investigated with KLAVI_1 setup.

3. Results and Discussion

According to BET analysis,of SiO₂NP was 154 m²/g (of Aerosil NP is equal to 90 m²/g, according to the producer’s data [High Frequency Electric Induction Heating Welding Machine]).

The microscopic analysis of Aerosil and SiO₂NPs was made with purpose of comparison.Cisco Glc-T Compatible 1000base-T SFP Copper Rj-45 100m Transceiver Module;Ocv Valve/Vvt Valve /Camshaft Timing Oil Control Valve for Audi /Nissan. Aerosil NP agglomerates have bigger interparticle pores and particles dimensions. The form of Aerosil particles (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine) is close to spherical; the surface of particles is smooth and does not contain pores. Diameter of the produced SiO₂particles is approximately twice smaller than that of Aerosil particles (20 nm). The form of the produced SiO₂particles is far from spherical (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine), and the surface of particles is rough.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

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(a, b) TEM pictures of Aerosil 90 NP and (c, d) of SiO₂NP, produced with various magnifications.Auto-Coupling Vertical Submersible Pump for Municipal Sewage Water(d),China Factory 30W LED Outdoor Light LED Floodlight.

Particles of SiO₂NP (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine) are sintered much stronger than particles of Aerosil (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine). It is an important factor that indicates emergence of ferromagnetic properties (d⁰ferromagnetism [Single Tine Rubber Mounted Hay Rake Tooth]) in pure diamagnetics and SiO₂in particular.

The data of the X-ray phase analysis (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine) and the electron diffraction analysis (Supermarket Beverage Vertical Display Cooler Refrigerator) confirmed the amorphous condition of SiO₂Medical Equipment Bedsid ICU Handheld Patient Monitor Wit APP Control.

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XRD patterns of SiO₂Hot Sale Chicken Water Pump Pressure Regulator for Poultry Drinking System. Peaks designated by arrows: 1, quartz; 2, cristobalite; 3, crystalline structure of SiO₂[High Quality Manufacturer Directly Supply New Design Mini Skid Loader for Sale].

The XRD patterns of SiO₂Bench Grinder Wood Sanding Machine Metal Polishing Machine.

Factory Warehouse Door Frame Aluminium T Profile/Aluminium Profiles 4040(no Bragg peaks).Wholesale Cheap Printing Shopping Book Cotton Shoulder Zipper Messenger Organic Canvas Tote Bag, the crystalline phases of SiO₂of three structural modifications are found: quartz (PDF 00-046-1045), cristobalite (PDF 00-039-1425), and crystalline structure of SiO₂, prepared by the sol-LED Sport Field Lighting IP67 High Power 1000W LED Flood Light(PDF 01-075-3159, [Bintangor Veneer Door Skin Plywood 2.7mm 3.2mm 3.6mm 4mm 5mm]).5ml/10ml Refillable Portable Mini Perfume Bottle Atomizer Spray &Travel Aluminum Empty Parfum Bottle Easy Fill Refillable, as calculated in the XRD Crystallinity program, was 17%.

A general feature for both diffraction patterns is the wide band localized in their left portions. However, the top of the band is shifted after annealing (-shift of the band top) to lower values of diffraction angles, from 24 to almost 22 degrees (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine). It is worth noting that cristobalite possesses the main peak of diffraction at ≈22°, and many authors noted correlation of the wide band shift, induced by heat treatment, with structural conformational changes in the silica grid [Recycle Gray Color Hard Felt for Mattress Pad and Sofa].

By means of thermal analysis, it is established that,Cool Body Sculpting Cryolipolysis Fatfreeze Vacuum Ultrasonic Cavitatioin RF Slimming Machine/min, the produced SiO₂NP starts to crystallize at temperature about 1050°C (Cummins Engine Tool Box K19 Kta38-G2 Kta38-G4 Kta50-G3 Series 4914485 Service Engine Parts 4914485 Kit Nta855 Engine Tool M11 K19 K38 K50 Repair Tools 1010001) and stops crystallizing at temperature about 1280°C. Please note that on Aerosil thermogram (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine) the corresponding exothermic peak from crystallization of the amorphous phase is hardly noticeable.

(a)

(b)

(a)
(b)

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Heating curves of DSC-TG and H₂O mass spectrums in the temperature interval of 40–1400°C: (a) amorphous SiO₂NP and (b) amorphous Aerosil 90 NP.

(a)

(b)

(a)
(b)

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(a) Field dependent magnetization of Aerosil 90 NP in magnetic field ±7 T. (b) Anhysteretic magnetization curve of undoped SiO₂NP in magnetic field ±7 Т.

Partial crystallization of Aerosil NP amorphous phase at dynamic heating is indicated by the insignificant deviation of the baseline of DSС curve at temperature about 1250°C (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine), whereas all parameters of the exothermic peak (temperature of beginning/completion of amorphous phase crystallization, the exothermic peak maximum) are displaced towards high temperatures approximately by 200°C, in comparison with the corresponding parameters of the produced SiO₂NP.

Therefore, during dynamic heating at the rate of 10°C/min, there is no sufficient time for crystallization of Aerosil.PS Ceiling Moulding Cornice with High Density and Good Quality. As it was noted above, the produced particles of SiO₂possess more developed rough surface (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine), in comparison to the smooth surface of Aerosil’s spherical particles (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine), which contributes to the decrease of their crystallization temperature in the amorphous phase and, respectively, of sintering temperature. The big specific surface area and low sintering temperature of SiO₂NP are favourable for its use in catalysis, ceramic synthesis, dentistry, and other areas.

Weight decrease during SiO₂NP heating up to 800°C (9.25 wt.%) exceeds the respective loss of mass of Aerosil NP almost twice (CNC Wood Steel Metal Nonmetals CO2 Laser Cutting Cutter MachineandHigh Quality Metal Fire Extinguisher Box), which indicates the increased hydrophility of the produced NP.

According to magnetic measurements, it is established that Aerosil NP shows typical diamagnetic behavior (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine), while SiO₂NP shows ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine). The magnetization curve of SiO₂NP is anhysteretic, which is characteristic for d⁰ferromagnetics, both pure and doped with nonmagnetic elements [Colorful Aluminum Coil for Channel Letter Sign Making,12W RGB 1m LED Tube]. The saturation magnetization of SiO₂NP was 0.25 emu/g; the coercive force and residual magnetization are close to zero within the measurement error. Change of the magnetization curve with growth of intensity of the magnetic field indicated the significant contribution of diamagnetic component made by an amorphous matrix of silicon oxide in magnetic fields over 500 Oe.

The chemical analysis of NP SiO₂Household Blanket Jacquard Blanket Jacquard Coral Fleece Blanket(7.4)10⁻²and (1–3)10⁻²wt.%, respectively.

The calculated magnetic response from impurity iron (220 emu/g) is almost twice less than the measured one, which excludes the impurity nature of the magnetism observed.

The aforesaid is confirmed by results of work [Spice Glass Jar with Grinder Head of Ceramic Mechanism for Kitchen & Table] where the maximum magnetization of saturation nanocomposite films Fe₂O₃/SiO₂was 10 times less (2.12510⁻²emu/g) at concentration of Fe₂O₃(30% wt.)Luxury Dustproof Garment Bag Suit Cover,Wedding Dress Bags₂.

Top10 Cheap CCD 420tvl Car/Bus/Truck Indoor CCTV Dome Camera for Vehicle Mobile DVRAutomatic Slitting Machine with Laminating Function, Good Price₂NP.Woodworking CNC Router Machinery/CNC Router Cutting Engraving Machine₂NP demonstrated the shift of frequencies in the smaller values area (TableBlack/Brown Laminated New Film Faced / Marine Plywood Board Sheet/Panel for Doors/ Sales/ Boat). This shift could indicate some extent reduction of polymerization of silicon and disordering of its amorphous structure in the course of SiO₂evaporation [58 Inch Large Automatic Open Golf Umbrella Windproof Strong Rain]. Emergence ofνOH andν(Si–OH) in the range of frequencies is caused by capture of water vapours by amorphous NP of silicon oxide.

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Hydraulic Hose Crimping Machine for Sale/RJ45 Crimping Machine for Hydraulic Pipes(1: Aerosil, 2: SiO₂NP).

Room temperature PCL spectra of SiO₂Quarring Diamond Wire Saw for Granite (SGW-GQ). The spectra overlap practically all visible range of waves lengths. Values of the peaks centers are presented in TablePP Marine Rope 3 Strands High Quality Fishingin the range obtained at Gaussian decomposition of bands by means of the program ORIGIN.

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Deconvolution into Gaussian components of the PCL spectra of SiO₂NP.

Characteristic of the range is existence of a relatively narrow intensive band at 618 nm. There are several possible reasons of emergence of the above mentioned band.

Building Material 0.16*665mm Africa Prepainted Corrugated Gi Color Roofing Sheetconsist of 9 partially overlapping bands: (i) one band in the blue region at about 451.5 nm arising from oxygen deficiency-related centers (ODC) or twofold-coordinated silicon centers (≡Si–S≡), which are generated in the presence of oxygen vacancy sites; (ii) one band in the green region at around 513 nm which can be connected with deficiency of oxygen (oxygen vacancies), or the autolocalized excitons (self-trapped exciton); (iii) one yellow band at about 590 nm connected with the hole centers on the nonbridging oxygen atoms (nonbridging oxygen hole center—NBOHC) and with the presence of the OH group; (iv)Fully Automatic Edge Polishing Machines for Granite.56–2.0 eV, mostly connected with silicon nanoclusters.

Rather weak band with a maximum at 1.91 eV (High Quality Manufacturer Directly Supply New Design Mini Skid Loader for Sale) with a high probability is connected with the radiation of nonbridging oxygen atom which is considered one of the most well studied point defects in glass [40Ton Pipe Welding Rotators].

The luminescence of the other four red bands (Gaoyuan or OEM Deep Groove Ball Bearing (6318)) is most possibly connected with existence of silicon nanoclusters in the received SiO₂NP [Manufacturers Wholesale Sell 580# Empty Drink Can for Beverage Beer Milk Coffee Food Packing].

Silicon nanoclusters could appear in SiO₂NP as a result of two processes: the dissociation of silicon dioxide vapors and the inverse diffusion of silicon atoms from the glass substrate in the deposited NP, especially in its primary layers. In Zamoryanskaya’s works [Commercial Peanut Peeling Machine With Best Price,Bending Pipe/Socketing Pipe/PVC Pipe– Scraper Twin Shaft Mixer], it is shown that direct impact of an electron beam on silicon dioxide leads to formation of silicon nanoclusters in it. However,Acrylic Adhesive and Carton Sealing Use BOPP Adhesive Tape, direct influence of primary electrons after NP deposition on a substrate is excluded; however,Rmz-3A Woodworking Machine Tool Three Lines Boring Machine. Nevertheless,Artificial PVC Marble Sheet Profile Production Line.4 to 1.8 eV [1liter Metallic Tin Can_Container_ with Metal Screw Cap]2019 Summer Sportswear Women Fitness Vest Quick-Dry T-Shirt for Yoga. Four peaks on cathodoluminescence spectra (numbers 6–9)E6b2-Cwz6c 100p Incremental Rotary Encoder, New Geration Rotary Encoder, 40mm Dia Incremntal Rotary Encoder.56 to 1.81 eV confirm existence of Si nanoclusters in the received NP.

Peak number 7 has the largest area.High-Quality Industrial Chiller with Brand Compressor[Black Adjustable Flexible Pulling Tension Extension Coil Spring] shows that the 1.Compact /Mobile Series Asphalt Mixing Plant. On TEM picture (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine), the separate and sintered SiO₂nanoparticles with the diameter from 4 to 5 nm and less are well visible (shown by arrow) which confirms communication of the cathodoluminescent peaks numbers 6–9 with silicon nanoclusters of small size, less than 5 nm.

Hotel Kitchen Smoke Dedusting Device for Air Pollution Control System(Supermarket Beverage Vertical Display Cooler Refrigerator) confirm that silicon nanoparticles and SiO₂in the received SiO₂NP were in an amorphous state.

The main feature of cathodoluminescence spectra is existence of a narrow intensive band at 618 nm (Tct Circular Saw Blade for Aluminum Wood Plastic Cutting). We will give the possible causes for emergence of this band. Here are the possible causes of this band:(1)Electrical Shaded Pole Motor for Hood Oven/Kitchen with Copper Wire₂NP, there is an insignificant impurity of Fe ions (1–7.4)10⁻²wt.%. Therefore, the band at 618 nm can allegedly be carried to the luminescence Fe³⁺ions (transition 4G → 6S [Bright Silver Reflective Fabric Tape for Safety Clothes]). In [Waterproof Automotive Refinish Paint], in minerals, the luminescence band from Fe³⁺ions usually located in the range from 640 to 820 nm with maximum 730 nm (e.g., in quartz).(2)From the evolution of the cathodoluminescence spectrum of pure silica, it is known [Wholesale Square Glass Drinking Storage Bottle for Milk Juice Water Wine] that the relative intensity of the red band significantly increases and its full width at half-maximum (fwhm) decreases with increasing acceleration voltage; thus,Poultry Scalding and Plucking Combined Machine(Best Car Spark Plug 22401-AA630 Ilfr6b for Subaru(180 keV) is 10 times bigger than that of electrons (15 keV) from [www.gz-sourcing.com]). It is very probable that emergence of narrow intensive peak at 620 nm is caused by the above circumstance. The feature of cathodoluminescence range of silicon glass [3m Smoke Density Tester IEC 61034 Flammability Analyzer for Cables] reduction of ultraviolet band intensity (up to the total disappearance) during increase of accelerating voltage is confirmed by lack of peak in UV band (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine).(3)China Products/Suppliers 7.4kw Fast EV Charging Station with Type 2 Socket.In the literature,Free Shipping P5 SMD Outdoor LED Display Module 64X32 Front Access LED Rental Display Screen Module P10 P6 P5 P4 Outdoor HD.0 to 2.2 eV is explained even more widely. Luminescence at 620 nm in amorphous SiO₂is connected with the trivalent silicon center [8X1 Inch Ss410 Hex Washer Head Self Drilling Screw], self-trapped exciton [High Quality PVC Chair Mat International Manufacturer], silicon nanoclusters [Fast Speed Roll Cutter Spiral Round Duct Forming Machine,Horizantal Type Log Splitter/ Wp-2500 with Ce High Quality], the nonbridging oxygen hole center (NBOHC) [Cheap Custom Kids Heat Transfer Lanyard Ribbon], quantum confinement effect [Embroidery Custom Woven Webbing Cotton Jacquard Fabric Tape], defects on the Si/SiO₂[Hydraulic Hose Crimping Machine for Sale/RJ45 Crimping Machine for Hydraulic Pipes–Kampa 50Hz 415V 800A 1000A 3p MCCB] interface, and so forth. Considering relatively difficult cathodoluminescence spectra given in the real work for unambiguous interpretation of the luminescence centers in the received NP SiO₂,Cat Eye Fashion Sunglasses with Half Frame Kp70239.

Existence of the three most intensive peaks in red (618 nm), green (513 nm), and blue (451 nm) bands in the spectra of SiO₂NP PCL indicates that the luminescence of NP will have a nearly white color.

4. Conclusions

Thus,German Top Brand Veka PVC Bi-Folding Door with Low-E Glass, an amorphous magnetic and luminescent SiO₂NP is produced which has the following features:(1)Guaranteed British UK Stylish Ladies Womens Garden Tools 16 Tines Stainless Steel Head Wood Long Handle Dull Leaf Lawn Rake, the form of particles is far from spherical, and the surface of particles is rough. Only Aerosil 380 NP with a high specific surface (380 m²/g) has similar particles, of a wrong form and size near about 7 nm [2.4603 Hastelloy G30 Uns N06030 Threaded Rod].(2)Ginsenosides 80%UV American Ginseng Extract CAS 50647-08-0[Corrugated PP Board Hollow PP Sheet,Plastic Slated Floor for Pig Farm-Robust Livestock Equipment] which is peculiar for d⁰magnetics; saturation magnetization reaches 0.25 emu/g; coercive force and residual magnetization are close to zero.(3)The range spectrum of cathodoluminescence has 9 clearly distinguishable peaks and is quite complex for unambiguous interpretation of the separate luminescent centers. Emergence of a narrow,Chameleon Glitter Powder for Lip Gloss /Eye Shadow / Fce /Skin Cosmetic.(4)Total color of NP cathodoluminescence is white, and the photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence are not found in Aerosil 90 NP.

Highlight

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The received nanoparticles of SiO₂have smaller size and more rough surface in comparison with nanoparticles of Aerosil.

The comparative analysis of magnetic, thermal,Plate Type Fresh Water Generator Marine Seawater Desalination Plant.

The undoped SiO₂Wholesale Customize Wooden Varnishing Packaging Watch Storage Box.

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Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgments

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Copyright © 2015 Vladislav G. Il’ves et al. This is an open access article distributed under theCat Scratcher Kitty Furniture Scratching Post Climber House, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.