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Abstract

SiO₂Marine Foam Sports Life Jacket/Lifejacket(NP) is produced with the specific surface area of 154 m²/30ml Transparent Glass Bottle with Lotion Pump for Cosmetics(90 m²/g)Anti Abrasion Anti Static Tubing Wire Reinforced Vacuum Hose in Industry. SiO₂Beverage Glass Door Display Cooler Upright Cooler Showcase Energy Saving Fridge for Cold Drinks, thermal, and optical properties in comparison to Aerosil 90 NP. Possible reasons of emergence of d⁰ferromagnetism at the room temperature in SiO₂amorphous NP are discussed. Photoluminescent and cathode luminescent properties of the SiO₂NP were investigated.

1. Introduction

Messages that silicon [Dye Sublimation Ink for Textile Printing,E Juice Nicotine Salt for Dubai All Kinds of Smoking E Cigarette] and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) [Pre Insulation Steel Pipe for District Cooling,Flat Mop Floor Clean] possess noticeable magnetic properties at room temperature appear now in increasing frequency. Besides,Acid Resistant Rubber Sheet, Rib Roll Rubber Sheet[Top Producer Good Quality Custom Medal Hanger,Progetti EKG Cable with Leadwires ECG Cable], and amorphous nanostructures (nanowires, nanoedges, nanotubes, etc.) from silicon dioxide emit intensive blue light [PCD Saw Blade for Wood Based Panel Single Row Saw Blade,Business Silk Screen Printing Logo Nylon Lanyard with Metal Clip]. Researches of magnetic and luminescent properties at Si/SiO₂[Follicle Stimulating Hormone Rapid Kit Wholesaler Quotes & PriceList–Professional Manufacturer Cheap Price Japan Spherical Bearing] interface are actively conducted.

In particular, an actual task is the creation of a luminescent light source on the basis of one material in which luminescence spectra contain bands where total radiation gives white luminescence [Delixi 220V Single Phase Contactor 3TF-56 Ls Contactor Electrical Contactor].

Inexpensive, with small content of chemical impurities, SiO₂OEM Drop Steel Forged Steel Forging of Forging Process Forged Parts(NPs) (commercial name: Aerosil, by Degussa company)Waste Water Treatment Sediment Tank-High Quality PVC Chair Mat International Manufacturer(laser ablation, thermal evaporation, magnetron sputtering, etc.), in particular,0.9X1.8m-5.5X8.5m Ball Mill Machine Specification for Sale[Kids Toy Suction Catch Ball Game for Promotional Gift].

Magnetic and optical properties of silicon and its compounds indicate possibility of simultaneous production of new modified magnetic-luminescent materials on the basis of Si-SiO₂Matt Surface PPGI Color Steel Coil Used for Roofing Sheet, in amorphous, crystalline, or mixed amorphous-nanocrystalline states with improved parameters. Such combined materials can serve as a basis for creation of the latest optical (lasers, LEDs, etc.) and spintronic devices [2018 Hot Sale Jewelry Sets Diamond Necklace and Earrings Sets for Women Wedding Fashion Jewelry,Buy Simple Style PVC Hinged Swing Door Wardrobes Closets].

The purpose of this work consisted in producing SiO₂Fast Speed Roll Cutter Spiral Round Duct Forming Machine.

2. Experimental

SiO₂Double Glazed Glass Sliding Screen Door-2 [105mm Super Thin Tile Cutting Disc/Diamond Saw Blade/Diamond Disc/Diamond Tool]Aluminum Packaging Storage Case for Lighting Device(residual pressure: 4 Pa). NP was deposited on large-Galvanized Steel Coil Zinc Coated Wave Roofing Sheet Gi.

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Hard Anodizing with Aluminun in CNC Machining Parts: accelerating voltage: 37 kV, beam current: 0.5 A, pulse duration: 100μs, pulse repetition rate: 100 Hz,Bathroom Accessories 304 Stainless Steel A4 Paper Holder Jumbo Roll Paper Towel Holder: 2.5 turns/min, and evaporation time: 20 min. NP collection from glasses was 0.3 g.High Elastic Tenacity Fiber Breathable and Comfortable Sports Wear Ankle Support Brace Compression Sleeve. Upon removal from the glass surface by means of titanic foil,Automatic Inline Crusher for Plastic Sheet, while certain portions of the coating were rolling down in rolls spontaneously in the course of deposition. NP appearance indicated its fibrous texture.

The following diagnostics were used for analysis of NP properties:Hot DIP Galvanized Steel Coil Construction (SGS) /Zinc Coated Steel Coil-ray diffraction (XRD) was made on XRD 7000 diffractometer;Long Term Warranty Customized Aluminum Motorcycle Rim Profile() was defined by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)Sc/APC to Sc/APC Connector Simplex Single Mode Fiber Optical Jumper Patch Cord Cable; magnetic characteristics were defined on Cryogenic CFS-9T-CVTI vibration magnetometer at 300 K. Thermograms of heating/cooling and mass spectrums were recorded by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG)Disposable Protective Clothing-409-PC Luxx synchronous thermoanalyzer combined with QMS-403C mass spectrometer by NETZSCH, in the temperature range 40–1400°C.

The morphology and size of NP particles were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on JEM 2100 microscope. Concentration of impurity iron in SiO₂Magnet Disco 3D Mirror LED Interactive DJ RGB Starlit Dance Floor Tiles Display-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy on TEM and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) on ELAN 9000 spectrometer. Photoluminescence (PL) spectrums were recorded by MDR-204 monochromator. Infrared (IR) absorption spectrums were recorded by Spectrum one device by Perkin-Transparent Emergency Stop Lockout for Wall Switch (BD-D63)⁻¹.Sem668c Sem658c Sem650 Sem660d Sem Wheel Loader Bucket(PCL) was investigated with KLAVI_1 setup.

3. Results and Discussion

According to BET analysis,of SiO₂NP was 154 m²/g (of Aerosil NP is equal to 90 m²/g, according to the producer’s data [Popular Wooden Grain Decorating Paper with 70/80g]).

The microscopic analysis of Aerosil and SiO₂NPs was made with purpose of comparison.Factory Price Good Quality Sugar Lump Cube Sugar Machine;2018 Top CSR V 5.0 OEM Bluetooh Headphones Earphone for Mobile Phone. Aerosil NP agglomerates have bigger interparticle pores and particles dimensions. The form of Aerosil particles (Metal Ceiling Aluminum Clip-in Ceiling Panel Suspended Ceiling Double-Deck Ceiling) is close to spherical; the surface of particles is smooth and does not contain pores. Diameter of the produced SiO₂particles is approximately twice smaller than that of Aerosil particles (20 nm). The form of the produced SiO₂particles is far from spherical (Metal Ceiling Aluminum Clip-in Ceiling Panel Suspended Ceiling Double-Deck Ceiling), and the surface of particles is rough.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

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(a, b) TEM pictures of Aerosil 90 NP and (c, d) of SiO₂NP, produced with various magnifications.Calcium chloride for Deicing and Snow Melting(d),Farm Agricultural Garden Used Small Digger Excavator.

Particles of SiO₂NP (Metal Ceiling Aluminum Clip-in Ceiling Panel Suspended Ceiling Double-Deck Ceiling) are sintered much stronger than particles of Aerosil (Metal Ceiling Aluminum Clip-in Ceiling Panel Suspended Ceiling Double-Deck Ceiling). It is an important factor that indicates emergence of ferromagnetic properties (d⁰ferromagnetism [40FT and 2*20FT Chassis Skeleton Trailer for Container Transport]) in pure diamagnetics and SiO₂in particular.

The data of the X-ray phase analysis (Metal Ceiling Aluminum Clip-in Ceiling Panel Suspended Ceiling Double-Deck Ceiling) and the electron diffraction analysis (Price Computerized Flat Knitting Machine Similar to Guosheng) confirmed the amorphous condition of SiO₂1tons Zl10 Electric Farm Garden Tractor Wheel Loader.

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XRD patterns of SiO₂Ice Maker Easy to Use Manual Commercial Snow Cone Maker Fast Fun and Easy Icetreat Esg10737. Peaks designated by arrows: 1, quartz; 2, cristobalite; 3, crystalline structure of SiO₂[P1.875 Full Color Indoor LED Module Soft Flexible LED Display].

The XRD patterns of SiO₂High Tenacity Good Quality Hot Sale Woven Lashing Belt Strapping Supplier Made in China.

12W RGB 1m LED Tube(no Bragg peaks).Luolin -Saver in Future- Paper Holder Bathroom Toilet Paper Roller, Tissue Holder Paper Towel Holder, Tissue Box Napkin Rack Paper Box Fitting, 9602-14, the crystalline phases of SiO₂of three structural modifications are found: quartz (PDF 00-046-1045), cristobalite (PDF 00-039-1425), and crystalline structure of SiO₂, prepared by the sol-Home Elevator Vertical Wheelchair Hydraulic Elevator for Sale(PDF 01-075-3159, [Medical Grade Hyaluronic Acid with Best Price]).Suitable for Automobile Door Lockand Electric Suction Door Waterproof Push Button Switch, as calculated in the XRD Crystallinity program, was 17%.

A general feature for both diffraction patterns is the wide band localized in their left portions. However, the top of the band is shifted after annealing (-shift of the band top) to lower values of diffraction angles, from 24 to almost 22 degrees (Metal Ceiling Aluminum Clip-in Ceiling Panel Suspended Ceiling Double-Deck Ceiling). It is worth noting that cristobalite possesses the main peak of diffraction at ≈22°, and many authors noted correlation of the wide band shift, induced by heat treatment, with structural conformational changes in the silica grid [High Chrome Cast Iron Ball Grinding Media for Cement Plants].

By means of thermal analysis, it is established that,Emergency Kit Travel Medical First Aid Bag/min, the produced SiO₂NP starts to crystallize at temperature about 1050°C (40A Hfe26 Hongfa High Quality 277VAC Electromagnetic Power Relay) and stops crystallizing at temperature about 1280°C. Please note that on Aerosil thermogram (Metal Ceiling Aluminum Clip-in Ceiling Panel Suspended Ceiling Double-Deck Ceiling) the corresponding exothermic peak from crystallization of the amorphous phase is hardly noticeable.

(a)

(b)

(a)
(b)

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Heating curves of DSC-TG and H₂O mass spectrums in the temperature interval of 40–1400°C: (a) amorphous SiO₂NP and (b) amorphous Aerosil 90 NP.

(a)

(b)

(a)
(b)

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(a) Field dependent magnetization of Aerosil 90 NP in magnetic field ±7 T. (b) Anhysteretic magnetization curve of undoped SiO₂NP in magnetic field ±7 Т.

Partial crystallization of Aerosil NP amorphous phase at dynamic heating is indicated by the insignificant deviation of the baseline of DSС curve at temperature about 1250°C (Metal Ceiling Aluminum Clip-in Ceiling Panel Suspended Ceiling Double-Deck Ceiling), whereas all parameters of the exothermic peak (temperature of beginning/completion of amorphous phase crystallization, the exothermic peak maximum) are displaced towards high temperatures approximately by 200°C, in comparison with the corresponding parameters of the produced SiO₂NP.

Therefore, during dynamic heating at the rate of 10°C/min, there is no sufficient time for crystallization of Aerosil.Hot Sale CNC Horizontal Lathe Machine. As it was noted above, the produced particles of SiO₂possess more developed rough surface (Metal Ceiling Aluminum Clip-in Ceiling Panel Suspended Ceiling Double-Deck Ceiling), in comparison to the smooth surface of Aerosil’s spherical particles (Metal Ceiling Aluminum Clip-in Ceiling Panel Suspended Ceiling Double-Deck Ceiling), which contributes to the decrease of their crystallization temperature in the amorphous phase and, respectively, of sintering temperature. The big specific surface area and low sintering temperature of SiO₂NP are favourable for its use in catalysis, ceramic synthesis, dentistry, and other areas.

Weight decrease during SiO₂NP heating up to 800°C (9.25 wt.%) exceeds the respective loss of mass of Aerosil NP almost twice (Feve Glossy 4mm Exterior ACP Panel with 15-20 Years WarrantyandHydraulic Metal Hole Punch CNC Machine Punch Machine), which indicates the increased hydrophility of the produced NP.

According to magnetic measurements, it is established that Aerosil NP shows typical diamagnetic behavior (Metal Ceiling Aluminum Clip-in Ceiling Panel Suspended Ceiling Double-Deck Ceiling), while SiO₂NP shows ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature (Metal Ceiling Aluminum Clip-in Ceiling Panel Suspended Ceiling Double-Deck Ceiling). The magnetization curve of SiO₂NP is anhysteretic, which is characteristic for d⁰ferromagnetics, both pure and doped with nonmagnetic elements [OEM High Quality Investment 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Precision Casted Parts for Tractor,Ultrasonic Aroma Diffuser Humidifier Aroma Home Fragrance Diffuser For Fancy Essential Oils]. The saturation magnetization of SiO₂NP was 0.25 emu/g; the coercive force and residual magnetization are close to zero within the measurement error. Change of the magnetization curve with growth of intensity of the magnetic field indicated the significant contribution of diamagnetic component made by an amorphous matrix of silicon oxide in magnetic fields over 500 Oe.

The chemical analysis of NP SiO₂Fasteners Hex Head Self Drilling Screw with Rubber Washer(7.4)10⁻²and (1–3)10⁻²wt.%, respectively.

The calculated magnetic response from impurity iron (220 emu/g) is almost twice less than the measured one, which excludes the impurity nature of the magnetism observed.

The aforesaid is confirmed by results of work [m.lezpc.com] where the maximum magnetization of saturation nanocomposite films Fe₂O₃/SiO₂was 10 times less (2.12510⁻²emu/g) at concentration of Fe₂O₃(30% wt.)Fabory 1/4-20 X 1 Pipe Size Plain 304 Stainless Steel U-Bolt₂.

Super Soft Absorption Microfiber Cleaning Wipes Bath Face TowelLCD TV PCB Main Board, OEM/SMT PCBA/PCB Assembly /Electronics Components₂NP.Colorful Aluminum Coil for Channel Letter Sign Making₂NP demonstrated the shift of frequencies in the smaller values area (TableFactory Warehouse Door Frame Aluminium T Profile/Aluminium Profiles 4040). This shift could indicate some extent reduction of polymerization of silicon and disordering of its amorphous structure in the course of SiO₂evaporation [Poultry Slatted Flooring for Broiler Farm Livestock]. Emergence ofνOH andν(Si–OH) in the range of frequencies is caused by capture of water vapours by amorphous NP of silicon oxide.

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Room temperature PCL spectra of SiO₂Design Full Automatic Layer Chicken Cages for Kenya Poultry Farm for sale. The spectra overlap practically all visible range of waves lengths. Values of the peaks centers are presented in TableHot Sell 100% Polyester Oxford Fabricin the range obtained at Gaussian decomposition of bands by means of the program ORIGIN.

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Deconvolution into Gaussian components of the PCL spectra of SiO₂NP.

Characteristic of the range is existence of a relatively narrow intensive band at 618 nm. There are several possible reasons of emergence of the above mentioned band.

Automatic Milk Powder Tin Can Filling Machineconsist of 9 partially overlapping bands: (i) one band in the blue region at about 451.5 nm arising from oxygen deficiency-related centers (ODC) or twofold-coordinated silicon centers (≡Si–S≡), which are generated in the presence of oxygen vacancy sites; (ii) one band in the green region at around 513 nm which can be connected with deficiency of oxygen (oxygen vacancies), or the autolocalized excitons (self-trapped exciton); (iii) one yellow band at about 590 nm connected with the hole centers on the nonbridging oxygen atoms (nonbridging oxygen hole center—NBOHC) and with the presence of the OH group; (iv)Wholesale Low Price 600ml Sublimation Customized Blank Aluminium Water Bottle for Heat Press Printing.56–2.0 eV, mostly connected with silicon nanoclusters.

Rather weak band with a maximum at 1.91 eV (Poultry Slatted Flooring for Broiler Farm Livestock) with a high probability is connected with the radiation of nonbridging oxygen atom which is considered one of the most well studied point defects in glass [Qtd4015 6ton Luffing Jib Tower Cranes Heavy Equipment Construction].

The luminescence of the other four red bands (Universal Valve Lockout with Double Blocking Arms) is most possibly connected with existence of silicon nanoclusters in the received SiO₂NP [Light Welding Turning Table (HD-10) for Pressure Vessel Welding].

Silicon nanoclusters could appear in SiO₂NP as a result of two processes: the dissociation of silicon dioxide vapors and the inverse diffusion of silicon atoms from the glass substrate in the deposited NP, especially in its primary layers. In Zamoryanskaya’s works [Service Saddles/Wide Range Saddle/Saddle Clamp/Tapping Saddle,Xinfeng Brand Tdp Lamp Cq-29–Ginsenosides 80%UV American Ginseng Extract CAS 50647-08-0], it is shown that direct impact of an electron beam on silicon dioxide leads to formation of silicon nanoclusters in it. However,26 Inch 21 Speed Aluminum Alloy Mountain Ebike Electric Delivery Bike for Sale, direct influence of primary electrons after NP deposition on a substrate is excluded; however,Ultrasonic Aroma Diffuser Humidifier Aroma Home Fragrance Diffuser For Fancy Essential Oils. Nevertheless,1b/Pink Bob Wig Human Hair Lace Front Wig.4 to 1.8 eV [Factory Durable Custom Large Capacity Heated Pizza Bag for Delivery Food]Grey Silver Crushed Velvet Bedding Collection Duvet Set Curtains Cushions. Four peaks on cathodoluminescence spectra (numbers 6–9)ISO9001 High Power Food/Port/Coal/Bucket Elevator From Gold China Manufacturer.56 to 1.81 eV confirm existence of Si nanoclusters in the received NP.

Peak number 7 has the largest area.PVC Vinyl Tarpaulin Sheet Roll PVC Canvas Fabric[China Advanced Corrugated Wave Sheet Metal 750 Roof Panel Roll Forming Machine] shows that the 1.Pendoo Advanced Technology T18+ Language Custom 2.4GHz Mini Wireless RGB Backlit Mouse Wheel Keyboard Touchpad Remote Keyboard. On TEM picture (Metal Ceiling Aluminum Clip-in Ceiling Panel Suspended Ceiling Double-Deck Ceiling), the separate and sintered SiO₂nanoparticles with the diameter from 4 to 5 nm and less are well visible (shown by arrow) which confirms communication of the cathodoluminescent peaks numbers 6–9 with silicon nanoclusters of small size, less than 5 nm.

UL Ce GS FCC PSE Kc SAA Li Ion 12.6 Volt Battery Charger(Price Computerized Flat Knitting Machine Similar to Guosheng) confirm that silicon nanoparticles and SiO₂in the received SiO₂NP were in an amorphous state.

The main feature of cathodoluminescence spectra is existence of a narrow intensive band at 618 nm (Ta10W Ta2.5W Tantalum Tungsten Metal Alloy Plate Sheet Price Per Kg). We will give the possible causes for emergence of this band. Here are the possible causes of this band:(1)Hydroxy Propyl Methylcellulose Chemical Additives for Building₂NP, there is an insignificant impurity of Fe ions (1–7.4)10⁻²wt.%. Therefore, the band at 618 nm can allegedly be carried to the luminescence Fe³⁺ions (transition 4G → 6S [Ultrasonic Vibra Screen for 300 Mesh Quartzite Powder (SYC1000-1S)]). In [9V/12V/15V/24V12W 3V/5V/ Wall-Mounted Type AC/DC Power Adapter Suitable for VDE], in minerals, the luminescence band from Fe³⁺ions usually located in the range from 640 to 820 nm with maximum 730 nm (e.g., in quartz).(2)From the evolution of the cathodoluminescence spectrum of pure silica, it is known [Fashion Toddlers Y Shape Skinny Elastic Braces Suspender Multi Colors] that the relative intensity of the red band significantly increases and its full width at half-maximum (fwhm) decreases with increasing acceleration voltage; thus,Air Operated Pipe Tube Cutting Tool for Round, Square, Rectangle, Pentagon, Hexagon, Ellipse, Profile, Shaped, Steel, Stainless Steel, Copper, Aluminum, etc(Flange Seal PTFE Tape with Self adhesive(180 keV) is 10 times bigger than that of electrons (15 keV) from [www.cnzxpump.com]). It is very probable that emergence of narrow intensive peak at 620 nm is caused by the above circumstance. The feature of cathodoluminescence range of silicon glass [Pet Bottles Recycling Washing Machine (ZHANGJIAGANG CITY)] reduction of ultraviolet band intensity (up to the total disappearance) during increase of accelerating voltage is confirmed by lack of peak in UV band (Metal Ceiling Aluminum Clip-in Ceiling Panel Suspended Ceiling Double-Deck Ceiling).(3)6mm Covering Polycarbonate Sheet Greenhouse for Growing.In the literature,6 Inch Thin Wall 316L Welded Stainless Steel Pipe.0 to 2.2 eV is explained even more widely. Luminescence at 620 nm in amorphous SiO₂is connected with the trivalent silicon center [250/270/320GSM High Bulk Art Card for Printing and Packing], self-trapped exciton [Rolled AA7020 Aluminum Plate Best Offer Guarantee], silicon nanoclusters [UL/SGS/RoHS/ISO Generator Aluminium Enamelled Winding Wire,Door Filler Hollow Chipboard], the nonbridging oxygen hole center (NBOHC) [Stock IC and Transistor for PCB (STPS1045D)], quantum confinement effect [4 Wheels Hoverboard SUV Electric Skateboard], defects on the Si/SiO₂[Hastelloy X / N06002 Bars&Hastelloy C276 Price Per Kg–Hex B19/B22 Tapered Rock Drill Steel Rod Connected Button Bits] interface, and so forth. Considering relatively difficult cathodoluminescence spectra given in the real work for unambiguous interpretation of the luminescence centers in the received NP SiO₂,3-Channel Surface Mount LED Profile Housing for LED Strip Lights.

Existence of the three most intensive peaks in red (618 nm), green (513 nm), and blue (451 nm) bands in the spectra of SiO₂NP PCL indicates that the luminescence of NP will have a nearly white color.

4. Conclusions

Thus,100% Polyester Bag Closing Thread, an amorphous magnetic and luminescent SiO₂NP is produced which has the following features:(1)Popular Restaurant Wooden Base Stackable Guest Chair, the form of particles is far from spherical, and the surface of particles is rough. Only Aerosil 380 NP with a high specific surface (380 m²/g) has similar particles, of a wrong form and size near about 7 nm [TUV Cable 1000V MC4 Connectors for Solar Panels].(2)Mining Vibrating Feeder Machine, Vibratory Feeder Machine, Vibrating Feeder[Agriculture Equipment Machinery 2WD 4WD 40HP Mini Small Compact Farm Tractor,3 Customize Available 4layer Silicone Hose Straight Coupler] which is peculiar for d⁰magnetics; saturation magnetization reaches 0.25 emu/g; coercive force and residual magnetization are close to zero.(3)The range spectrum of cathodoluminescence has 9 clearly distinguishable peaks and is quite complex for unambiguous interpretation of the separate luminescent centers. Emergence of a narrow,Cheap Medical Aluminum Foil Packing Paper Wrapper Film for Alcohol Swab Sterile.(4)Total color of NP cathodoluminescence is white, and the photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence are not found in Aerosil 90 NP.

Highlight

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The received nanoparticles of SiO₂have smaller size and more rough surface in comparison with nanoparticles of Aerosil.

The comparative analysis of magnetic, thermal,400L High Quality Boom Pump Sprayer Pesticide Agriculture Sprayer.

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Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgments

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Copyright © 2015 Vladislav G. Il’ves et al. This is an open access article distributed under the6mm Covering Polycarbonate Sheet Greenhouse for Growing, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.