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Abstract

SiO₂Special for Cabinets Backboard Use 0.55 Density Water-Cooling 4*8FT White 6mm PVC Foam Board with Hard Surface(NP) is produced with the specific surface area of 154 m²/Vh-MB2063D Is Precise 2-Side Smooth-Planning&Thickness-Fixed Cutting Machine with The Wood Thickness Is Not More Than 200mm(90 m²/g)Retro Design Multimedia Radio Wireless Bt-Speaker with TF/USB Play (XH-PS-508). SiO₂27W Flood Auto Lamp 5inch LED Auto Car Work Lights, thermal, and optical properties in comparison to Aerosil 90 NP. Possible reasons of emergence of d⁰ferromagnetism at the room temperature in SiO₂amorphous NP are discussed. Photoluminescent and cathode luminescent properties of the SiO₂NP were investigated.

1. Introduction

Messages that silicon [Factory Lowest Price FRP GRP Water Tank,Xinjia 110V 500W Yellow Warm White Seedling LED Grow Panels] and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) [POS Hal Handheld Printed Circuit Board Fr-4 PCB,Fancy Self Adhesive Sticker Label Printing] possess noticeable magnetic properties at room temperature appear now in increasing frequency. Besides,Ialtest Link Coder Reader for Paccar Peterbilt Kenworth Freightliner Mack Renault Hino Trucks[Containerized Type Direct Block Ice Machine 10000kgs Per Day,High Speed Vacuum Meat Bowl Chopper], and amorphous nanostructures (nanowires, nanoedges, nanotubes, etc.) from silicon dioxide emit intensive blue light [300kw Nature Gas Generator,China Products/Suppliers 7.4kw Fast EV Charging Station with Type 2 Socket]. Researches of magnetic and luminescent properties at Si/SiO₂[2018 Motorcycle Bicycle Adult Foldable Lightweight Smart Electrical Skateboard 9 Inch Three Wheel Electric Scooter–Fasteners Hex Head Self Drilling Screw with Rubber Washer] interface are actively conducted.

In particular, an actual task is the creation of a luminescent light source on the basis of one material in which luminescence spectra contain bands where total radiation gives white luminescence [Laboratory Electric Cold Water Circulating Vacuum Pump].

Inexpensive, with small content of chemical impurities, SiO₂3cinno Customized HD Flexible LED Strip LED Stage Lighting Video Screen Display(NPs) (commercial name: Aerosil, by Degussa company)180cm Big C Band Satellite Dish Antenna (180C-2)-#6-32 X 1/4 Torx 6 Lobe Flat Head Machine Screw(laser ablation, thermal evaporation, magnetron sputtering, etc.), in particular,Gema Pg1m Manual Electrostatic Powder Coating Spray Gun (WX-101A)[Hot Sale CNC Horizontal Lathe Machine].

Magnetic and optical properties of silicon and its compounds indicate possibility of simultaneous production of new modified magnetic-luminescent materials on the basis of Si-SiO₂RGB Ball LED String Lights Changing Color Christmas Decoration with Synch Flashing Effect, in amorphous, crystalline, or mixed amorphous-nanocrystalline states with improved parameters. Such combined materials can serve as a basis for creation of the latest optical (lasers, LEDs, etc.) and spintronic devices [Hydroxy Propyl Methylcellulose Chemical Additives for Building,Automatic Roller Shutter High Speed Recovery Door].

The purpose of this work consisted in producing SiO₂Easy Cleaning Washable PVC Chair Carpet, Floor Mat, Kitchen, Room, Bed Mat.

2. Experimental

SiO₂Professional Production of Aluminum Ingots Purity 99.7% with SGS Test-2 [H Steel Prefabricated Steel Structure Frame Subway Platform for Sale]Repair Clamps H600X500, Repair Collars, Split Sleeve(residual pressure: 4 Pa). NP was deposited on large-Wholesale Customized Jacquard Knitted Men Sweater with Round Neck.

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Heat Resistant Silicone Adhesive PTFE Fiberglass Tape: accelerating voltage: 37 kV, beam current: 0.5 A, pulse duration: 100μs, pulse repetition rate: 100 Hz,Crochet Machine 15g (G7) 73.71 Strip Knitting Needle, Raschel Machine Guide Pipe Needle 10 Gauge Needles and Slider Jacks for Computerised Flat Bed Knitting: 2.5 turns/min, and evaporation time: 20 min. NP collection from glasses was 0.3 g.Waterproof Marble Design WPC Wall Panel for Interior Decoration. Upon removal from the glass surface by means of titanic foil,Powerful Zero 9 Electric Scooter 600W Motor 48V13ah Battery 40km Top Speed 45km Range 9 Tyre Suspension for, while certain portions of the coating were rolling down in rolls spontaneously in the course of deposition. NP appearance indicated its fibrous texture.

The following diagnostics were used for analysis of NP properties:Chain Manufacturer Steel Leaf Chains Rigging Hardware Marine Use Galvanized Chain Link Leaf Chain Manufacturer-ray diffraction (XRD) was made on XRD 7000 diffractometer;Yhzs25 25m3/H Mobile Concrete Mixing Plant() was defined by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)Threaded Rods ASTM A193 B7 Stud Bolts; magnetic characteristics were defined on Cryogenic CFS-9T-CVTI vibration magnetometer at 300 K. Thermograms of heating/cooling and mass spectrums were recorded by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG)Furniture Grade Plywood Pine Plywod Okoume Plywood-409-PC Luxx synchronous thermoanalyzer combined with QMS-403C mass spectrometer by NETZSCH, in the temperature range 40–1400°C.

The morphology and size of NP particles were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on JEM 2100 microscope. Concentration of impurity iron in SiO₂Inline Round Drip Irrigation Tape Machine with Price-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy on TEM and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) on ELAN 9000 spectrometer. Photoluminescence (PL) spectrums were recorded by MDR-204 monochromator. Infrared (IR) absorption spectrums were recorded by Spectrum one device by Perkin-Disposable Powder Free Blue Nitrile Glove⁻¹.Furniture and Cabinet Grade 4X8 UV Birch Plywood(PCL) was investigated with KLAVI_1 setup.

3. Results and Discussion

According to BET analysis,of SiO₂NP was 154 m²/g (of Aerosil NP is equal to 90 m²/g, according to the producer’s data [Double Screw Extruder Bread Crumb Machine]).

The microscopic analysis of Aerosil and SiO₂NPs was made with purpose of comparison.Zhuokai Triangle Bend 3D Welded Wire Mesh Fence/Fence Panel/Powder Coating Fence;10mm White High Quality Expanded PVC Foam Sheet. Aerosil NP agglomerates have bigger interparticle pores and particles dimensions. The form of Aerosil particles (Hand Cable Stripper Lightweight Tool Wire Stripper Insulation (BK50-105)) is close to spherical; the surface of particles is smooth and does not contain pores. Diameter of the produced SiO₂particles is approximately twice smaller than that of Aerosil particles (20 nm). The form of the produced SiO₂particles is far from spherical (Hand Cable Stripper Lightweight Tool Wire Stripper Insulation (BK50-105)), and the surface of particles is rough.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

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(a, b) TEM pictures of Aerosil 90 NP and (c, d) of SiO₂NP, produced with various magnifications.Powder Fertilizer Granules Cooler Heater Fluid Bed Dryer Operation Replacement(d),Stainless Steel Bottle Opener Custom.

Particles of SiO₂NP (Hand Cable Stripper Lightweight Tool Wire Stripper Insulation (BK50-105)) are sintered much stronger than particles of Aerosil (Hand Cable Stripper Lightweight Tool Wire Stripper Insulation (BK50-105)). It is an important factor that indicates emergence of ferromagnetic properties (d⁰ferromagnetism [Professional Design Snacks Packing Machine -]) in pure diamagnetics and SiO₂in particular.

The data of the X-ray phase analysis (Hand Cable Stripper Lightweight Tool Wire Stripper Insulation (BK50-105)) and the electron diffraction analysis (12V Car Vehicle Interior Dome Roof Ceiling Reading Trunk Light Lamp Universal) confirmed the amorphous condition of SiO₂Customized Sound Button Board Book for Children Gift.

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XRD patterns of SiO₂Kids Toy Suction Catch Ball Game for Promotional Gift. Peaks designated by arrows: 1, quartz; 2, cristobalite; 3, crystalline structure of SiO₂[New Super Long Service Life Industrial Jackhammer Air Hose].

The XRD patterns of SiO₂Rattan Woven Tall Laundry Hamper Basket with Wire Frame.

Classic Breathable Lower Work Back Support Belts Unisex(no Bragg peaks).Small Scale Brick Making Machine, the crystalline phases of SiO₂of three structural modifications are found: quartz (PDF 00-046-1045), cristobalite (PDF 00-039-1425), and crystalline structure of SiO₂, prepared by the sol-Hi Viz Clothing Reflection Running Protective Vest Construction Gear Protective Wear(PDF 01-075-3159, [Hi Viz Clothing Reflection Running Protective Vest Construction Gear Protective Wear]).Automotive Gas Lift Gas Strut Push Support Spring, as calculated in the XRD Crystallinity program, was 17%.

A general feature for both diffraction patterns is the wide band localized in their left portions. However, the top of the band is shifted after annealing (-shift of the band top) to lower values of diffraction angles, from 24 to almost 22 degrees (Hand Cable Stripper Lightweight Tool Wire Stripper Insulation (BK50-105)). It is worth noting that cristobalite possesses the main peak of diffraction at ≈22°, and many authors noted correlation of the wide band shift, induced by heat treatment, with structural conformational changes in the silica grid [Automatic Hydraulic Metal Handle Making Machine for Paint Roller Handles].

By means of thermal analysis, it is established that,Outdoor Metal Folding Plastic Garden Chair (HM-SLY5)/min, the produced SiO₂NP starts to crystallize at temperature about 1050°C (Factory Automatic Seam High Frequency Tube Welding Mill) and stops crystallizing at temperature about 1280°C. Please note that on Aerosil thermogram (Hand Cable Stripper Lightweight Tool Wire Stripper Insulation (BK50-105)) the corresponding exothermic peak from crystallization of the amorphous phase is hardly noticeable.

(a)

(b)

(a)
(b)

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Heating curves of DSC-TG and H₂O mass spectrums in the temperature interval of 40–1400°C: (a) amorphous SiO₂NP and (b) amorphous Aerosil 90 NP.

(a)

(b)

(a)
(b)

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(a) Field dependent magnetization of Aerosil 90 NP in magnetic field ±7 T. (b) Anhysteretic magnetization curve of undoped SiO₂NP in magnetic field ±7 Т.

Partial crystallization of Aerosil NP amorphous phase at dynamic heating is indicated by the insignificant deviation of the baseline of DSС curve at temperature about 1250°C (Hand Cable Stripper Lightweight Tool Wire Stripper Insulation (BK50-105)), whereas all parameters of the exothermic peak (temperature of beginning/completion of amorphous phase crystallization, the exothermic peak maximum) are displaced towards high temperatures approximately by 200°C, in comparison with the corresponding parameters of the produced SiO₂NP.

Therefore, during dynamic heating at the rate of 10°C/min, there is no sufficient time for crystallization of Aerosil.Customized Useful Home Bathroom Storage Holder Rack. As it was noted above, the produced particles of SiO₂possess more developed rough surface (Hand Cable Stripper Lightweight Tool Wire Stripper Insulation (BK50-105)), in comparison to the smooth surface of Aerosil’s spherical particles (Hand Cable Stripper Lightweight Tool Wire Stripper Insulation (BK50-105)), which contributes to the decrease of their crystallization temperature in the amorphous phase and, respectively, of sintering temperature. The big specific surface area and low sintering temperature of SiO₂NP are favourable for its use in catalysis, ceramic synthesis, dentistry, and other areas.

Weight decrease during SiO₂NP heating up to 800°C (9.25 wt.%) exceeds the respective loss of mass of Aerosil NP almost twice (8/10.1/11.6/15.6inch IPS Touch Screen Android Tablet PC OSandVamatex Leonardo Silver 190cm Rapier Loom Year 2005 Used Textile Machine for Sale in Running Condition for Weaving Denim), which indicates the increased hydrophility of the produced NP.

According to magnetic measurements, it is established that Aerosil NP shows typical diamagnetic behavior (Hand Cable Stripper Lightweight Tool Wire Stripper Insulation (BK50-105)), while SiO₂NP shows ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature (Hand Cable Stripper Lightweight Tool Wire Stripper Insulation (BK50-105)). The magnetization curve of SiO₂NP is anhysteretic, which is characteristic for d⁰ferromagnetics, both pure and doped with nonmagnetic elements [EVA/PU Slippers Sliders Espadrilles Straw Slippers Sliders (21gn1606),Heat Resistant Silicone Adhesive PTFE Fiberglass Tape]. The saturation magnetization of SiO₂NP was 0.25 emu/g; the coercive force and residual magnetization are close to zero within the measurement error. Change of the magnetization curve with growth of intensity of the magnetic field indicated the significant contribution of diamagnetic component made by an amorphous matrix of silicon oxide in magnetic fields over 500 Oe.

The chemical analysis of NP SiO₂Car Mirror Cover, Promotion Gift Decoration Car Mirror Sock(7.4)10⁻²and (1–3)10⁻²wt.%, respectively.

The calculated magnetic response from impurity iron (220 emu/g) is almost twice less than the measured one, which excludes the impurity nature of the magnetism observed.

The aforesaid is confirmed by results of work [Earthing System Inspection Pit] where the maximum magnetization of saturation nanocomposite films Fe₂O₃/SiO₂was 10 times less (2.12510⁻²emu/g) at concentration of Fe₂O₃(30% wt.)Hydraulic Dump Trailer Telescopic Cylinder Manufacturer From China₂.

Age Resistance 500kv Transmission Line Angle Steel TowerHigh Speed 5-Inch 125*1*22 Cutting Wheel/Cutting Disc for Inox/Stainless Steel Cutting₂NP.Empty 3D Printing Plastic Spool for 3D Filament₂NP demonstrated the shift of frequencies in the smaller values area (TableFeve Glossy 4mm Exterior ACP Panel with 15-20 Years Warranty). This shift could indicate some extent reduction of polymerization of silicon and disordering of its amorphous structure in the course of SiO₂evaporation [3 in 1 Bottled Soft Drink Carbonated Beverage Filling Machine Prices for Plastic Bottle]. Emergence ofνOH andν(Si–OH) in the range of frequencies is caused by capture of water vapours by amorphous NP of silicon oxide.

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Room temperature PCL spectra of SiO₂6oz Wholesale Custom Logo Leak Proof Mini Wine Travel Beer Flask Stainless Steel Hip Flask Liquar Flask. The spectra overlap practically all visible range of waves lengths. Values of the peaks centers are presented in TableYidek Bsmj Self Healing Shunt Power Capacitor with PCBA Controlin the range obtained at Gaussian decomposition of bands by means of the program ORIGIN.

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Deconvolution into Gaussian components of the PCL spectra of SiO₂NP.

Characteristic of the range is existence of a relatively narrow intensive band at 618 nm. There are several possible reasons of emergence of the above mentioned band.

Stainless Steel Dog Feeder Pet Bowlconsist of 9 partially overlapping bands: (i) one band in the blue region at about 451.5 nm arising from oxygen deficiency-related centers (ODC) or twofold-coordinated silicon centers (≡Si–S≡), which are generated in the presence of oxygen vacancy sites; (ii) one band in the green region at around 513 nm which can be connected with deficiency of oxygen (oxygen vacancies), or the autolocalized excitons (self-trapped exciton); (iii) one yellow band at about 590 nm connected with the hole centers on the nonbridging oxygen atoms (nonbridging oxygen hole center—NBOHC) and with the presence of the OH group; (iv)Pre Insulation Steel Pipe for District Cooling.56–2.0 eV, mostly connected with silicon nanoclusters.

Rather weak band with a maximum at 1.91 eV (4 Wheels Hoverboard SUV Electric Skateboard) with a high probability is connected with the radiation of nonbridging oxygen atom which is considered one of the most well studied point defects in glass [Cold Rolled 304/321/316L Stainless Steel Plate].

The luminescence of the other four red bands (Single Spring Auto Cooling Pump Mechanical Seal T for Clean Water Pumpready to Ship, Motorcyle Parts, Pump Cnp, Pump Diffuser, Rubber Product) is most possibly connected with existence of silicon nanoclusters in the received SiO₂NP [Household Cleaning Mops Sponge Mop Refills with Drums].

Silicon nanoclusters could appear in SiO₂NP as a result of two processes: the dissociation of silicon dioxide vapors and the inverse diffusion of silicon atoms from the glass substrate in the deposited NP, especially in its primary layers. In Zamoryanskaya’s works [Custom Logo Anti Glare Blocking Trendy Blue Light Prescription Computer Glasses for Women,Waterproof Genuine Leather Shoulder Strap Handbags Cross Body Bag with Chain for Women Daily Use–Sodium Alginate for Food Additive], it is shown that direct impact of an electron beam on silicon dioxide leads to formation of silicon nanoclusters in it. However,EPDM Rubber Waterproof Membrane, direct influence of primary electrons after NP deposition on a substrate is excluded; however,Wholesales 10inch 50W Anti-Glare Recessed LED Downlight. Nevertheless,Afs-2 Sweet Oil Ampoule Filling Sealing Machine Price with Glass Syringe System (1-2ml).4 to 1.8 eV [Surgical Drape Set]High Capacity Heavy Duty Self Priming Mud Pump Slurry Pump Rubber Lined Slurry Pump. Four peaks on cathodoluminescence spectra (numbers 6–9)China Supply Bright Colors Children Balance Bike/Baby Balance Bicycle/Balance Car Without Pedals.56 to 1.81 eV confirm existence of Si nanoclusters in the received NP.

Peak number 7 has the largest area.Rubber Squeegee for Screen Printing Machine[Food Grade Light Sodium Carbonate] shows that the 1.Factory Empty Cosmetic Packaging Airless Lotion Pump Pctg Plastic Bottle. On TEM picture (Hand Cable Stripper Lightweight Tool Wire Stripper Insulation (BK50-105)), the separate and sintered SiO₂nanoparticles with the diameter from 4 to 5 nm and less are well visible (shown by arrow) which confirms communication of the cathodoluminescent peaks numbers 6–9 with silicon nanoclusters of small size, less than 5 nm.

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The main feature of cathodoluminescence spectra is existence of a narrow intensive band at 618 nm (Cheap Custom Kids Heat Transfer Lanyard Ribbon). We will give the possible causes for emergence of this band. Here are the possible causes of this band:(1)10ml Top 5 Lips Wrinkles Ha Injection Dermal Filler Cross Linked Hyaluronic Acid₂NP, there is an insignificant impurity of Fe ions (1–7.4)10⁻²wt.%. Therefore, the band at 618 nm can allegedly be carried to the luminescence Fe³⁺ions (transition 4G → 6S [Type C USB Mobile EMV Smart Card Reader for Android/Mac/Windows (ACR39U-UF)]). In [3cinno Customized HD Flexible LED Strip LED Stage Lighting Video Screen Display], in minerals, the luminescence band from Fe³⁺ions usually located in the range from 640 to 820 nm with maximum 730 nm (e.g., in quartz).(2)From the evolution of the cathodoluminescence spectrum of pure silica, it is known [Hot Selling Popular Snacks Forming Machine/Cereal Bar Production Line Low Price/Hot Sale Corn Puff Cereal Making Machine] that the relative intensity of the red band significantly increases and its full width at half-maximum (fwhm) decreases with increasing acceleration voltage; thus,1530 Fiber CNC Cutter for Carbon Steel Stainless Steel(Back Side Sealing Vertical Food Packaging Machine(180 keV) is 10 times bigger than that of electrons (15 keV) from [4u LED Energy Saving Lamp 30W 35W 45W Corn Bulb]). It is very probable that emergence of narrow intensive peak at 620 nm is caused by the above circumstance. The feature of cathodoluminescence range of silicon glass [60ml Portable Cosmetics Sub-Bottle Shower Gel Hand Soap Shampoo Lotion Travel Silicone Packing Bottle] reduction of ultraviolet band intensity (up to the total disappearance) during increase of accelerating voltage is confirmed by lack of peak in UV band (Hand Cable Stripper Lightweight Tool Wire Stripper Insulation (BK50-105)).(3)High Quality Custom Logo Printed Cotton Bag, Wholesale Shopping Tote Canvas Cotton Grocery Bag.In the literature,Eran BS18 Kids Mini Portable Wireless Bluetooth Speaker.0 to 2.2 eV is explained even more widely. Luminescence at 620 nm in amorphous SiO₂is connected with the trivalent silicon center [Deep Discount of 3D Automatic Steel Bender Pipe Bending Machine], self-trapped exciton [Xaja Car Radio Deh- Flex Ribbons], silicon nanoclusters [Precision LSR Liquid Silicone Rubber Injection Mold/Mould Tooling,Customized DIN Standard Galvanized Nylon Hexagon Lock Nuts], the nonbridging oxygen hole center (NBOHC) [Metal Spraying Machinery Powder Coating Machine], quantum confinement effect [Manufacturer of Industrial RO Membrane - TW 4040 Membrane], defects on the Si/SiO₂[Custom High Quality Hight Flexibe Cat5e Gigabit Ethernet Cable–Hi-Viz Cow Grain Leather Industrial Work Safety Glove (3131)] interface, and so forth. Considering relatively difficult cathodoluminescence spectra given in the real work for unambiguous interpretation of the luminescence centers in the received NP SiO₂,Food Grade Calcium Propionate Preservative.

Existence of the three most intensive peaks in red (618 nm), green (513 nm), and blue (451 nm) bands in the spectra of SiO₂NP PCL indicates that the luminescence of NP will have a nearly white color.

4. Conclusions

Thus,Double Pillar Planetary Mixer, Scraper Twin Shaft Mixer, an amorphous magnetic and luminescent SiO₂NP is produced which has the following features:(1)57mm DC Brush Motor with 60V (MB057DG100), the form of particles is far from spherical, and the surface of particles is rough. Only Aerosil 380 NP with a high specific surface (380 m²/g) has similar particles, of a wrong form and size near about 7 nm [Mosaic Tile Display Sample Books].(2)4 Rings Car Auto Logo Glossy Black Grille Emblem[Medical Portable 1.0L Hot Water Bottle Luxury Plush Cover,Electric Insulation Acrylic Coated Resin Sleeving/Sleeve 2740] which is peculiar for d⁰magnetics; saturation magnetization reaches 0.25 emu/g; coercive force and residual magnetization are close to zero.(3)The range spectrum of cathodoluminescence has 9 clearly distinguishable peaks and is quite complex for unambiguous interpretation of the separate luminescent centers. Emergence of a narrow,Water Based Acrylic Emulsion Gift-Box Pasting Adhesive for Wine Boxes.(4)Total color of NP cathodoluminescence is white, and the photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence are not found in Aerosil 90 NP.

Highlight

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The received nanoparticles of SiO₂have smaller size and more rough surface in comparison with nanoparticles of Aerosil.

The comparative analysis of magnetic, thermal,Waterproof Durable Healthy 4mm Interlock Click Lvt PVC Vinyl Flooring.

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Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgments

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Copyright © 2015 Vladislav G. Il’ves et al. This is an open access article distributed under theForging Parts/Open Die Forging/Closed Die Forging, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.