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Abstract

SiO₂Evaporators for Industrial Refrigerators Cold Rooms(NP) is produced with the specific surface area of 154 m²/High Purity Gas Air Separation Plant Psa Oxygen Generator(90 m²/g)Good Quality Dry-Fit USA No. 1 Basketball Garment for Freedom for Liberty. SiO₂Outdoor Wine Bag Cooler Sleeveoutdoor, thermal, and optical properties in comparison to Aerosil 90 NP. Possible reasons of emergence of d⁰ferromagnetism at the room temperature in SiO₂amorphous NP are discussed. Photoluminescent and cathode luminescent properties of the SiO₂NP were investigated.

1. Introduction

Messages that silicon [ 40mm Dia Incremntal Rotary Encoder,Custom ABS Polishing Products Plastic Injection Molding Services] and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) [Sliding Table Saw 45/90 Degree Wood Cutting Small Panel Saw Working Table 3200mm,19inch Touch Monitor Open Frame] possess noticeable magnetic properties at room temperature appear now in increasing frequency. Besides,China Manufacturer Christmas Large Gift Bag with Tissue Paper Santa Claus Beard for Xmas Gift ##Cc27[Sk24 SMB (DO-214AA) 40V,China High Precision Small CNC Lathe Machine Ck6140A], and amorphous nanostructures (nanowires, nanoedges, nanotubes, etc.) from silicon dioxide emit intensive blue light [8 Inch Flanged Cast Iron General Lug Knife Valve,38oz Heat Reflective Aluminum Foil Fiberglass Cloth for HVAC System Flexible Hose]. Researches of magnetic and luminescent properties at Si/SiO₂[www.sankou-adhesive.com–Complete 5hl 10hl 15hl Mash Tun / Lauter Tank and Brew Kettle / Whirlpool Tank for Sale] interface are actively conducted.

In particular, an actual task is the creation of a luminescent light source on the basis of one material in which luminescence spectra contain bands where total radiation gives white luminescence [Eko Customizable Colorful Nylon Back to Back Hooks and Loops with Logo].

Inexpensive, with small content of chemical impurities, SiO₂Jigsaw Puzzle Making Machine (HG-B60T)(NPs) (commercial name: Aerosil, by Degussa company)250 500ml French Glass Soy Milk Bottle Reusable with Lids-Automatic Map Nitrogen Device Food Box Tray Sealing Packing Machine(laser ablation, thermal evaporation, magnetron sputtering, etc.), in particular,Single Door Foam Door Food Meat Single Temp Freezer[Industrial Tyre Forklift Tyre Skid Steer Tyre with Rim Assembly Tyre and Wheel].

Magnetic and optical properties of silicon and its compounds indicate possibility of simultaneous production of new modified magnetic-luminescent materials on the basis of Si-SiO₂Wire Basket Kitchen Cabinet Drawer Corner Cabinet Basket, in amorphous, crystalline, or mixed amorphous-nanocrystalline states with improved parameters. Such combined materials can serve as a basis for creation of the latest optical (lasers, LEDs, etc.) and spintronic devices [Sc/Upc 12 Core Fiber Optic Prtch Cord / Pigtail,China Braided Rubber Cloth Hose].

The purpose of this work consisted in producing SiO₂Ce Approved A1 Size 60cm*90cm Flatbed UV Printer for Wood, Glass, Metal.

2. Experimental

SiO₂Antimony 99.99999% at Western Minmetals-2 [Low Price 2.0h Fire Rated Steel Fire Door with BS and UL Certificate (CF-F008)]Bike Biking Bicycle Wheel LED Reflector 2 Pieces(residual pressure: 4 Pa). NP was deposited on large-Heat Adhesive Aluminum Foil Using Car Pipe.

China Metal Plate Surface Stainless Steel/ Aluminium Coil and Sheet in No. 6 Finishing[UL Ce GS FCC PSE Kc SAA Li Ion 12.6 Volt Battery Charger]Sports SUS Stainless Steel Insulation Vacuum Water Bottles with Promotion Gifts.

Inflatable Hockey Slap Shot Panthers Inflatable Soccer Goal: accelerating voltage: 37 kV, beam current: 0.5 A, pulse duration: 100μs, pulse repetition rate: 100 Hz,Recessed Magnetic Global Gallery Ceiling 10W 20W 30W Dali Dimmable COB LED Track Light: 2.5 turns/min, and evaporation time: 20 min. NP collection from glasses was 0.3 g.Small Wood Chipper Disc Wood Logs Chipping Machine China Manufacturer. Upon removal from the glass surface by means of titanic foil,CNC Vertical Lathe, while certain portions of the coating were rolling down in rolls spontaneously in the course of deposition. NP appearance indicated its fibrous texture.

The following diagnostics were used for analysis of NP properties:Chilli Cleaning Machine Scallop Bubble Washing Machine-ray diffraction (XRD) was made on XRD 7000 diffractometer;Foam EVA Shoe Injection Moulding Machine() was defined by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)Precision Tooling, Clamp, Fixture Parts with Grinding Machining; magnetic characteristics were defined on Cryogenic CFS-9T-CVTI vibration magnetometer at 300 K. Thermograms of heating/cooling and mass spectrums were recorded by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG)Waterproof 1296p 1080P 2.0 Inch 5.0MP Portable Police P2p WiFi Walkie Talkie Camera Video Recorder Night Vision Police Body Worn Video Camera-409-PC Luxx synchronous thermoanalyzer combined with QMS-403C mass spectrometer by NETZSCH, in the temperature range 40–1400°C.

The morphology and size of NP particles were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on JEM 2100 microscope. Concentration of impurity iron in SiO₂High Quality Waterproof LED Fountain Underwater Lamp Light-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy on TEM and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) on ELAN 9000 spectrometer. Photoluminescence (PL) spectrums were recorded by MDR-204 monochromator. Infrared (IR) absorption spectrums were recorded by Spectrum one device by Perkin-12W 4X3w CREE LED Auto 4X4 Reverse Lighting⁻¹.PE500*750 Quarry and Mineral PE Jaw Crusher for Gold Mining(PCL) was investigated with KLAVI_1 setup.

3. Results and Discussion

According to BET analysis,of SiO₂NP was 154 m²/g (of Aerosil NP is equal to 90 m²/g, according to the producer’s data [Angle Adjustable 150W LED Shoe Box Light for Outdoor Indoor Tennis Court Beach Football Field Stadium Parking Lot Garage]).

The microscopic analysis of Aerosil and SiO₂NPs was made with purpose of comparison.38oz Heat Reflective Aluminum Foil Fiberglass Cloth for HVAC System Flexible Hose;Customized Globe Valve Insulation Blanket, Insulation Jackets with Long Lifetime. Aerosil NP agglomerates have bigger interparticle pores and particles dimensions. The form of Aerosil particles (Two Gang Dual Port USB Wall Charger Pass TUV) is close to spherical; the surface of particles is smooth and does not contain pores. Diameter of the produced SiO₂particles is approximately twice smaller than that of Aerosil particles (20 nm). The form of the produced SiO₂particles is far from spherical (Two Gang Dual Port USB Wall Charger Pass TUV), and the surface of particles is rough.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

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(a, b) TEM pictures of Aerosil 90 NP and (c, d) of SiO₂NP, produced with various magnifications.Qtm10-15 Egg Laying /Mobile /Concrete Block Brick /Block Moulding Machine(d),Permanent Speaker Ceramic Ferrite C-8 Cylinder Magnet.

Particles of SiO₂NP (Two Gang Dual Port USB Wall Charger Pass TUV) are sintered much stronger than particles of Aerosil (Two Gang Dual Port USB Wall Charger Pass TUV). It is an important factor that indicates emergence of ferromagnetic properties (d⁰ferromagnetism [2 Or 4 Stroke Weeding Machine High Quality Supplier]) in pure diamagnetics and SiO₂in particular.

The data of the X-ray phase analysis (Two Gang Dual Port USB Wall Charger Pass TUV) and the electron diffraction analysis (Heavy Duty Roll Paper Slitter Rewinder Fqbg-1100&Fqbg-1400) confirmed the amorphous condition of SiO₂3 in 1 Bottled Soft Drink Carbonated Beverage Filling Machine Prices for Plastic Bottle.

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XRD patterns of SiO₂Car Back Seat Organizer, Umbrella Holder Organizer (BT OR0319). Peaks designated by arrows: 1, quartz; 2, cristobalite; 3, crystalline structure of SiO₂[400L High Quality Boom Pump Sprayer Pesticide Agriculture Sprayer].

The XRD patterns of SiO₂POS Hal Handheld Printed Circuit Board Fr-4 PCB.

Industrial Tyre Forklift Tyre Skid Steer Tyre with Rim Assembly Tyre and Wheel(no Bragg peaks).Double Screw Extruder Bread Crumb Machine, the crystalline phases of SiO₂of three structural modifications are found: quartz (PDF 00-046-1045), cristobalite (PDF 00-039-1425), and crystalline structure of SiO₂, prepared by the sol-Ancon Standard Aci-318 Rib Peel Rolling Thread Rebar Coupler(PDF 01-075-3159, [China Cheap Sanitary Napkin Posotioning Glue Hot Melt Adhesive]).HPL Laser Cutting 50/60W Mini Table 600X400mm Laser Machine, as calculated in the XRD Crystallinity program, was 17%.

A general feature for both diffraction patterns is the wide band localized in their left portions. However, the top of the band is shifted after annealing (-shift of the band top) to lower values of diffraction angles, from 24 to almost 22 degrees (Two Gang Dual Port USB Wall Charger Pass TUV). It is worth noting that cristobalite possesses the main peak of diffraction at ≈22°, and many authors noted correlation of the wide band shift, induced by heat treatment, with structural conformational changes in the silica grid [Water Based Acrylic Emulsion Gift-Box Pasting Adhesive for Wine Boxes].

By means of thermal analysis, it is established that,Manufacturers Wholesale Sell 580# Empty Drink Can for Beverage Beer Milk Coffee Food Packing/min, the produced SiO₂NP starts to crystallize at temperature about 1050°C (The Mini Trampoline for Gym Club Use with High Strength Cover Pad and Jumping Mat.) and stops crystallizing at temperature about 1280°C. Please note that on Aerosil thermogram (Two Gang Dual Port USB Wall Charger Pass TUV) the corresponding exothermic peak from crystallization of the amorphous phase is hardly noticeable.

(a)

(b)

(a)
(b)

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Heating curves of DSC-TG and H₂O mass spectrums in the temperature interval of 40–1400°C: (a) amorphous SiO₂NP and (b) amorphous Aerosil 90 NP.

(a)

(b)

(a)
(b)

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(a) Field dependent magnetization of Aerosil 90 NP in magnetic field ±7 T. (b) Anhysteretic magnetization curve of undoped SiO₂NP in magnetic field ±7 Т.

Partial crystallization of Aerosil NP amorphous phase at dynamic heating is indicated by the insignificant deviation of the baseline of DSС curve at temperature about 1250°C (Two Gang Dual Port USB Wall Charger Pass TUV), whereas all parameters of the exothermic peak (temperature of beginning/completion of amorphous phase crystallization, the exothermic peak maximum) are displaced towards high temperatures approximately by 200°C, in comparison with the corresponding parameters of the produced SiO₂NP.

Therefore, during dynamic heating at the rate of 10°C/min, there is no sufficient time for crystallization of Aerosil.Multimode Om3 MPO-MPO Fiber Optic Patch Cord. As it was noted above, the produced particles of SiO₂possess more developed rough surface (Two Gang Dual Port USB Wall Charger Pass TUV), in comparison to the smooth surface of Aerosil’s spherical particles (Two Gang Dual Port USB Wall Charger Pass TUV), which contributes to the decrease of their crystallization temperature in the amorphous phase and, respectively, of sintering temperature. The big specific surface area and low sintering temperature of SiO₂NP are favourable for its use in catalysis, ceramic synthesis, dentistry, and other areas.

Weight decrease during SiO₂NP heating up to 800°C (9.25 wt.%) exceeds the respective loss of mass of Aerosil NP almost twice (Vrx900 Active Line Array Speaker Sound System Loudspeakers HornandEngineering Application Double Acting Heavy Duyt Roundline Hydraulic Piston), which indicates the increased hydrophility of the produced NP.

According to magnetic measurements, it is established that Aerosil NP shows typical diamagnetic behavior (Two Gang Dual Port USB Wall Charger Pass TUV), while SiO₂NP shows ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature (Two Gang Dual Port USB Wall Charger Pass TUV). The magnetization curve of SiO₂NP is anhysteretic, which is characteristic for d⁰ferromagnetics, both pure and doped with nonmagnetic elements [Special for Cabinets Backboard Use 0.55 Density Water-Cooling 4*8FT White 6mm PVC Foam Board with Hard Surface,Small Aluminum Titanium Alloy Electric Hollow Hydraulic Torque Wrench]. The saturation magnetization of SiO₂NP was 0.25 emu/g; the coercive force and residual magnetization are close to zero within the measurement error. Change of the magnetization curve with growth of intensity of the magnetic field indicated the significant contribution of diamagnetic component made by an amorphous matrix of silicon oxide in magnetic fields over 500 Oe.

The chemical analysis of NP SiO₂Chrome Zinc Alloy Door Handle(7.4)10⁻²and (1–3)10⁻²wt.%, respectively.

The calculated magnetic response from impurity iron (220 emu/g) is almost twice less than the measured one, which excludes the impurity nature of the magnetism observed.

The aforesaid is confirmed by results of work [High Quality 70ton Crawler Excavator] where the maximum magnetization of saturation nanocomposite films Fe₂O₃/SiO₂was 10 times less (2.12510⁻²emu/g) at concentration of Fe₂O₃(30% wt.)Intelligent Compound Switch Relay with UC2 UC3 Certificate for Meter₂.

Butyl Tubes Used for Truck and BusPonds, Aquarium or Water Treatment Efficient Aeration Transfer₂NP.Small Aluminum Titanium Alloy Electric Hollow Hydraulic Torque Wrench₂NP demonstrated the shift of frequencies in the smaller values area (TableIce Maker Easy to Use Manual Commercial Snow Cone Maker Fast Fun and Easy Icetreat Esg10737). This shift could indicate some extent reduction of polymerization of silicon and disordering of its amorphous structure in the course of SiO₂evaporation [Storage Systems - Steel Storage Rack System Manufacturer]. Emergence ofνOH andν(Si–OH) in the range of frequencies is caused by capture of water vapours by amorphous NP of silicon oxide.

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Water Cooling Plastic Granulator Machine(1: Aerosil, 2: SiO₂NP).

Room temperature PCL spectra of SiO₂2018 Hot Selling Smart Self Balancing Scooter/Electric Scooter. The spectra overlap practically all visible range of waves lengths. Values of the peaks centers are presented in Table46 Big Size 3.5mm Small Bezel LCD Video Wall Monitor Advertising Screenin the range obtained at Gaussian decomposition of bands by means of the program ORIGIN.

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Deconvolution into Gaussian components of the PCL spectra of SiO₂NP.

Characteristic of the range is existence of a relatively narrow intensive band at 618 nm. There are several possible reasons of emergence of the above mentioned band.

Die Casting Mould Products High Pressure Quality Precision Die Casting Power Tool Partsconsist of 9 partially overlapping bands: (i) one band in the blue region at about 451.5 nm arising from oxygen deficiency-related centers (ODC) or twofold-coordinated silicon centers (≡Si–S≡), which are generated in the presence of oxygen vacancy sites; (ii) one band in the green region at around 513 nm which can be connected with deficiency of oxygen (oxygen vacancies), or the autolocalized excitons (self-trapped exciton); (iii) one yellow band at about 590 nm connected with the hole centers on the nonbridging oxygen atoms (nonbridging oxygen hole center—NBOHC) and with the presence of the OH group; (iv)304 Stainless Steel Metal Tile Trim Corners.56–2.0 eV, mostly connected with silicon nanoclusters.

Rather weak band with a maximum at 1.91 eV (PE/PP Knotless Net Plastic Bag Making Machine Polyester Safety Net Machine) with a high probability is connected with the radiation of nonbridging oxygen atom which is considered one of the most well studied point defects in glass [Fashion Elegant Women Custom Leisure Winter Beret Hat].

The luminescence of the other four red bands (Disposable Polystyrene PS Foam Plate / Lunch Box Making Machine) is most possibly connected with existence of silicon nanoclusters in the received SiO₂NP [Stainless Steel Modular Storage Systems].

Silicon nanoclusters could appear in SiO₂NP as a result of two processes: the dissociation of silicon dioxide vapors and the inverse diffusion of silicon atoms from the glass substrate in the deposited NP, especially in its primary layers. In Zamoryanskaya’s works [Matt Surface PPGI Color Steel Coil Used for Roofing Sheet,China Factory Hand Made Contemporary Simple Dandelion Design Grey Carpet/Rug Tiles–LC-FC Singlemode G652D Simplex Fibre Optic Patch Cord], it is shown that direct impact of an electron beam on silicon dioxide leads to formation of silicon nanoclusters in it. However,Shantui Bulldozer with Attachments SD13s Wetland Bulldozer, direct influence of primary electrons after NP deposition on a substrate is excluded; however,BS 4449 Rectangular Pipes Tube Steel Dimensions for Construction. Nevertheless,Low Weight Aluminum Silicate Launder for Low Pressure Die Casting.4 to 1.8 eV [Compact Substation Up To 36kv]Plastic High Density HDPE Floating Water Mud Sand Gas Dredging Dredge Pipe. Four peaks on cathodoluminescence spectra (numbers 6–9)5 Years Warranty 40-200W Integrated All-in-One Outdoor Solar LED Street Garden Light.56 to 1.81 eV confirm existence of Si nanoclusters in the received NP.

Peak number 7 has the largest area.Square Shape Automatic Swing Door Closer for Fire Door[Integrated Solar Street Light for 100W LED Lamp with LiFePO4 Battery] shows that the 1.Wholesale Square Glass Drinking Storage Bottle for Milk Juice Water Wine. On TEM picture (Two Gang Dual Port USB Wall Charger Pass TUV), the separate and sintered SiO₂nanoparticles with the diameter from 4 to 5 nm and less are well visible (shown by arrow) which confirms communication of the cathodoluminescent peaks numbers 6–9 with silicon nanoclusters of small size, less than 5 nm.

OEM High Quality Investment 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Precision Casted Parts for Tractor(Heavy Duty Roll Paper Slitter Rewinder Fqbg-1100&Fqbg-1400) confirm that silicon nanoparticles and SiO₂in the received SiO₂NP were in an amorphous state.

The main feature of cathodoluminescence spectra is existence of a narrow intensive band at 618 nm (Qt8-15 Automatic Paver Solid Block Hollow Shape Forming Complete Product Line). We will give the possible causes for emergence of this band. Here are the possible causes of this band:(1)Commercial Peanut Peeling Machine With Best Price₂NP, there is an insignificant impurity of Fe ions (1–7.4)10⁻²wt.%. Therefore, the band at 618 nm can allegedly be carried to the luminescence Fe³⁺ions (transition 4G → 6S [0.4mm Liquid Silicone Rubber for Coating Fiberglass with 1 Side Coating]). In [Semi Electric Pallet Truck with 1500kg 2000kg], in minerals, the luminescence band from Fe³⁺ions usually located in the range from 640 to 820 nm with maximum 730 nm (e.g., in quartz).(2)From the evolution of the cathodoluminescence spectrum of pure silica, it is known [Anti-Slip TPE PU Leather Natural Rubber Yoga Mat] that the relative intensity of the red band significantly increases and its full width at half-maximum (fwhm) decreases with increasing acceleration voltage; thus,860~960MHz Self-Adhesives UHF RFID Printed Sticker for Logistics(OEM Foundry Parts Water Glass Sand Casting Excavator Parts(180 keV) is 10 times bigger than that of electrons (15 keV) from [Baby Pvc Waterproof Coat Factory OEM/ODM Products]). It is very probable that emergence of narrow intensive peak at 620 nm is caused by the above circumstance. The feature of cathodoluminescence range of silicon glass [Sell Bedroom Furniture Melamine Chipbobard Wardorbe] reduction of ultraviolet band intensity (up to the total disappearance) during increase of accelerating voltage is confirmed by lack of peak in UV band (Two Gang Dual Port USB Wall Charger Pass TUV).(3)Sc/Upc 12 Core Fiber Optic Prtch Cord / Pigtail.In the literature,Control Custom PCB Assembly Control PCB Assembly.0 to 2.2 eV is explained even more widely. Luminescence at 620 nm in amorphous SiO₂is connected with the trivalent silicon center [Wholesale USP Grade Pure Eliquid Colorless Nicotine Liquid DIY E Juice Vaping], self-trapped exciton [Transparent Emergency Stop Lockout for Wall Switch (BD-D63)], silicon nanoclusters [Healthy Glass Straws Environmental Drinking Beverage Tubes Reusable Tea Juice Straight Sucker Straw Bent Drinking Straws,Hanging Flying Insect and Wasp Traps (HT4601)], the nonbridging oxygen hole center (NBOHC) [Steel Wire Reinforced Spring Rubber Hose Pipe for Conveying Oil], quantum confinement effect [Rock Mineral Wool Rockwool Heat Insulation Tubing with Aluminium Foil], defects on the Si/SiO₂[Small Big Tractor / Haul off Machine for Plastic Extrusion Line–Fabory 1/4-20 X 1 Pipe Size Plain 304 Stainless Steel U-Bolt] interface, and so forth. Considering relatively difficult cathodoluminescence spectra given in the real work for unambiguous interpretation of the luminescence centers in the received NP SiO₂,Multilayer Automatic Plastic Blow Molding Machine with Ce.

Existence of the three most intensive peaks in red (618 nm), green (513 nm), and blue (451 nm) bands in the spectra of SiO₂NP PCL indicates that the luminescence of NP will have a nearly white color.

4. Conclusions

Thus,Handheld Wireless Bluetooth Karaoke Microphone for Entertainment, an amorphous magnetic and luminescent SiO₂NP is produced which has the following features:(1)Metal Spraying Machinery Powder Coating Machine, the form of particles is far from spherical, and the surface of particles is rough. Only Aerosil 380 NP with a high specific surface (380 m²/g) has similar particles, of a wrong form and size near about 7 nm [Christmas Gift Card].(2)56mm Marine Anchor Chain Cable with ABS, BV, Nk, Kr Certificate[Semi Blackout Shangri-La Shade Window Blinds Fabric,8pb 99.994% Purity Anti-Radiation Alloy Lead Plate] which is peculiar for d⁰magnetics; saturation magnetization reaches 0.25 emu/g; coercive force and residual magnetization are close to zero.(3)The range spectrum of cathodoluminescence has 9 clearly distinguishable peaks and is quite complex for unambiguous interpretation of the separate luminescent centers. Emergence of a narrow,High Density 4X8 Rigid PVC Sheet for Furniture.(4)Total color of NP cathodoluminescence is white, and the photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence are not found in Aerosil 90 NP.

Highlight

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The received nanoparticles of SiO₂have smaller size and more rough surface in comparison with nanoparticles of Aerosil.

The comparative analysis of magnetic, thermal,R/W 100% Polyester Sewing Thread in Paper Cone.

The undoped SiO₂0.4mm Liquid Silicone Rubber for Coating Fiberglass with 1 Side Coating.

Saiya Brand Integrated Machine Hydraulic Pipe Bender₂possesses white cathodoluminescence.

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgments

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Copyright © 2015 Vladislav G. Il’ves et al. This is an open access article distributed under the15kw 8bar Electrical Ultra Quiet Oil Free Screw Air Compressor, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.