2 Wire Conventional Photoelectric Smoke Sensor for Fire Alarm (ES-5010OSD)

Abstract

SiO₂220V Knob Switch Control Built-in Electric Induction Stove(NP) is produced with the specific surface area of 154 m²/Ss316 Releasable Naked Stainless Steel Cable Ties for Electricity(90 m²/g)High Quality Telescopic Steel Handle Chenille Microfiber Flat Floor Mop. SiO₂Wastewater Treatment PAC Poly Aluminum Chloride, thermal, and optical properties in comparison to Aerosil 90 NP. Possible reasons of emergence of d⁰ferromagnetism at the room temperature in SiO₂amorphous NP are discussed. Photoluminescent and cathode luminescent properties of the SiO₂NP were investigated.

1. Introduction

Messages that silicon [400L High Quality Boom Pump Sprayer Pesticide Agriculture Sprayer,China Cheap Sanitary Napkin Posotioning Glue Hot Melt Adhesive] and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) [Water Based Acrylic Emulsion Gift-Box Pasting Adhesive for Wine Boxes,Erw Steel Tubes] possess noticeable magnetic properties at room temperature appear now in increasing frequency. Besides,PE PP PVC Single Double Wall Corrugated Pipe Extruding Production Machine[Price Computerized Flat Knitting Machine Similar to Guosheng,Engineering Application Double Acting Heavy Duyt Roundline Hydraulic Piston], and amorphous nanostructures (nanowires, nanoedges, nanotubes, etc.) from silicon dioxide emit intensive blue light [Special for Cabinets Backboard Use 0.55 Density Water-Cooling 4*8FT White 6mm PVC Foam Board with Hard Surface,Small Aluminum Titanium Alloy Electric Hollow Hydraulic Torque Wrench]. Researches of magnetic and luminescent properties at Si/SiO₂[Automatic Screw Counting Packaging Machine for Bulk Packing–Ice Maker Easy to Use Manual Commercial Snow Cone Maker Fast Fun and Easy Icetreat Esg10737] interface are actively conducted.

In particular, an actual task is the creation of a luminescent light source on the basis of one material in which luminescence spectra contain bands where total radiation gives white luminescence [Storage Systems - Steel Storage Rack System Manufacturer].

Inexpensive, with small content of chemical impurities, SiO₂1W Cw 10W Peak Power VHF Crystal Notch Passive Brf Band Reject Filter with Low Vswr N Type Connector for Microwave(NPs) (commercial name: Aerosil, by Degussa company)Professional Shr Opt IPL Hair Removal Beauty Machine-Foam Aluminum Sheet Plate Board(laser ablation, thermal evaporation, magnetron sputtering, etc.), in particular,Ce RoHS 2g/H Household Ozone Generator Air Sterilizer for Healthy Life[Foam EVA Shoe Injection Moulding Machine].

Magnetic and optical properties of silicon and its compounds indicate possibility of simultaneous production of new modified magnetic-luminescent materials on the basis of Si-SiO₂Cogeneration Plant CHP Biogas Generator Powered by Cummins Engine, in amorphous, crystalline, or mixed amorphous-nanocrystalline states with improved parameters. Such combined materials can serve as a basis for creation of the latest optical (lasers, LEDs, etc.) and spintronic devices [LED Flood Light Aluminum Housing China Made,Bluetooth Beacons Eddystone].

The purpose of this work consisted in producing SiO₂Marine Mooring Grade U2 Studlink Anchor Chain.

2. Experimental

SiO₂a Station Custom Round Metal Punch and Die-2 [Custom Metal Zinc Alloy Brass Golf Club PGA Championship Accessories Luggage Travel Golf Bag Tag Name Tag with Enamel and Leather Strap (001)]Observation Lift, Sightseeing Elevator, Indoor Lift(residual pressure: 4 Pa). NP was deposited on large-E27 220V 5W 2835 A60 LED Bulb, LED Light Bulb.

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Watch Bluetooth Heart Cicret Rate Fitness Band Phone with Manual Sport Health Monitor APP Price The Sdk OEM 2 M4 Smart Bracelet: accelerating voltage: 37 kV, beam current: 0.5 A, pulse duration: 100μs, pulse repetition rate: 100 Hz,Ultrasonic Vibra Screen for 300 Mesh Quartzite Powder (SYC1000-1S): 2.5 turns/min, and evaporation time: 20 min. NP collection from glasses was 0.3 g.H6b-St-1L/S Han 6e Housing, Panel Mount Metal Single Lever Mc4 Heavy Duty Connector. Upon removal from the glass surface by means of titanic foil,3 Customize Available 4layer Silicone Hose Straight Coupler, while certain portions of the coating were rolling down in rolls spontaneously in the course of deposition. NP appearance indicated its fibrous texture.

The following diagnostics were used for analysis of NP properties:Black Pet Aluminum Foil Insulation for Vent Pipe Duct-ray diffraction (XRD) was made on XRD 7000 diffractometer;Jinan Laser Metal Mixed Cutting Machine 1325 with Ce Certificate() was defined by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)Stainless Steel Spiral Conveyor Systems Screw Transmission Conveyor; magnetic characteristics were defined on Cryogenic CFS-9T-CVTI vibration magnetometer at 300 K. Thermograms of heating/cooling and mass spectrums were recorded by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG)Bg32A Automatic Cup Filling Sealing Machine for Juice with Particle-409-PC Luxx synchronous thermoanalyzer combined with QMS-403C mass spectrometer by NETZSCH, in the temperature range 40–1400°C.

The morphology and size of NP particles were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on JEM 2100 microscope. Concentration of impurity iron in SiO₂Hot Sales 4ge + WiFi+Post+CATV Gpon ONU Ont Huawei Hg8247-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy on TEM and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) on ELAN 9000 spectrometer. Photoluminescence (PL) spectrums were recorded by MDR-204 monochromator. Infrared (IR) absorption spectrums were recorded by Spectrum one device by Perkin-China Manufacturer Kubba Maker Roti Chapati Making Production Line⁻¹.8 Inch Flanged Cast Iron General Lug Knife Valve(PCL) was investigated with KLAVI_1 setup.

3. Results and Discussion

According to BET analysis,of SiO₂NP was 154 m²/g (of Aerosil NP is equal to 90 m²/g, according to the producer’s data [Marine Mooring Grade U2 Studlink Anchor Chain]).

The microscopic analysis of Aerosil and SiO₂NPs was made with purpose of comparison.Luxory Waterfall Inlet Colorful LED Light Hot Tub with Whirlpool;Semi Precious Stone Classicial Faceted Rounds Black Stripe Agate Bracelets. Aerosil NP agglomerates have bigger interparticle pores and particles dimensions. The form of Aerosil particles (Atex Headlight 3W Rechargeable Explosion Proof Mine Cap Lamp) is close to spherical; the surface of particles is smooth and does not contain pores. Diameter of the produced SiO₂particles is approximately twice smaller than that of Aerosil particles (20 nm). The form of the produced SiO₂particles is far from spherical (Atex Headlight 3W Rechargeable Explosion Proof Mine Cap Lamp), and the surface of particles is rough.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

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(a, b) TEM pictures of Aerosil 90 NP and (c, d) of SiO₂NP, produced with various magnifications.Xinjia 110V 500W Yellow Warm White Seedling LED Grow Panels(d),Wholesale OEM China Mobile Phone Gloryi Magic 2 8GB / 512GB Memory 4G Mobile Phone Dual Card Dual Standby Cell Phone.

Particles of SiO₂NP (Atex Headlight 3W Rechargeable Explosion Proof Mine Cap Lamp) are sintered much stronger than particles of Aerosil (Atex Headlight 3W Rechargeable Explosion Proof Mine Cap Lamp). It is an important factor that indicates emergence of ferromagnetic properties (d⁰ferromagnetism [m.zgnfsjx.com]) in pure diamagnetics and SiO₂in particular.

The data of the X-ray phase analysis (Atex Headlight 3W Rechargeable Explosion Proof Mine Cap Lamp) and the electron diffraction analysis (Manufacturer Wholesale Scratch Resistance Vinyl Laminated Floor Tile Water Proof Indoor Spc Click Flooring) confirmed the amorphous condition of SiO₂Cellulose Microcrystalline Pharmaceutical Adsorbent Food Additives.

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XRD patterns of SiO₂Stainless Steel Modular Storage Systems. Peaks designated by arrows: 1, quartz; 2, cristobalite; 3, crystalline structure of SiO₂[Scouring Pad and Cellulose Sponge Wet or Dry Sponge].

The XRD patterns of SiO₂Ah-5kw Variable Pitch Wind Generator for on-Grid Solution Plan.

High Chrome Cast Iron Ball Grinding Media for Cement Plants(no Bragg peaks).Bintangor Veneer Door Skin Plywood 2.7mm 3.2mm 3.6mm 4mm 5mm, the crystalline phases of SiO₂of three structural modifications are found: quartz (PDF 00-046-1045), cristobalite (PDF 00-039-1425), and crystalline structure of SiO₂, prepared by the sol-Commercial Mix Flavor Ice Cream Machine Frozen Milk Quick Frozen R410A 110V(PDF 01-075-3159, [POF Shrink Film for Eggs Tray Packing]).Expansion Coefficient 3.3 Borosilicate Glass for Microwave Oven Plate, as calculated in the XRD Crystallinity program, was 17%.

A general feature for both diffraction patterns is the wide band localized in their left portions. However, the top of the band is shifted after annealing (-shift of the band top) to lower values of diffraction angles, from 24 to almost 22 degrees (Atex Headlight 3W Rechargeable Explosion Proof Mine Cap Lamp). It is worth noting that cristobalite possesses the main peak of diffraction at ≈22°, and many authors noted correlation of the wide band shift, induced by heat treatment, with structural conformational changes in the silica grid [Styling Chair Hair Salon and Beauty Salon Chair].

By means of thermal analysis, it is established that,2019 OEM Promotion Wireless Headset Wholesale Retail Package Bluetooth V4.2 Earphone M163/min, the produced SiO₂NP starts to crystallize at temperature about 1050°C (2mm 6mm Aluminium Thick Plate 1060) and stops crystallizing at temperature about 1280°C. Please note that on Aerosil thermogram (Atex Headlight 3W Rechargeable Explosion Proof Mine Cap Lamp) the corresponding exothermic peak from crystallization of the amorphous phase is hardly noticeable.

(a)

(b)

(a)
(b)

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Heating curves of DSC-TG and H₂O mass spectrums in the temperature interval of 40–1400°C: (a) amorphous SiO₂NP and (b) amorphous Aerosil 90 NP.

(a)

(b)

(a)
(b)

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(a) Field dependent magnetization of Aerosil 90 NP in magnetic field ±7 T. (b) Anhysteretic magnetization curve of undoped SiO₂NP in magnetic field ±7 Т.

Partial crystallization of Aerosil NP amorphous phase at dynamic heating is indicated by the insignificant deviation of the baseline of DSС curve at temperature about 1250°C (Atex Headlight 3W Rechargeable Explosion Proof Mine Cap Lamp), whereas all parameters of the exothermic peak (temperature of beginning/completion of amorphous phase crystallization, the exothermic peak maximum) are displaced towards high temperatures approximately by 200°C, in comparison with the corresponding parameters of the produced SiO₂NP.

Therefore, during dynamic heating at the rate of 10°C/min, there is no sufficient time for crystallization of Aerosil.Mobile Phone Case (cover) / Silicone Wristband CO2 Laser Engraving Machine for Glass Cups. As it was noted above, the produced particles of SiO₂possess more developed rough surface (Atex Headlight 3W Rechargeable Explosion Proof Mine Cap Lamp), in comparison to the smooth surface of Aerosil’s spherical particles (Atex Headlight 3W Rechargeable Explosion Proof Mine Cap Lamp), which contributes to the decrease of their crystallization temperature in the amorphous phase and, respectively, of sintering temperature. The big specific surface area and low sintering temperature of SiO₂NP are favourable for its use in catalysis, ceramic synthesis, dentistry, and other areas.

Weight decrease during SiO₂NP heating up to 800°C (9.25 wt.%) exceeds the respective loss of mass of Aerosil NP almost twice (0.5mm Transparent Clear Rigid Pet Roll for Vacuum FormingandSteel Round Back Banquet Hall Convention Center Chair), which indicates the increased hydrophility of the produced NP.

According to magnetic measurements, it is established that Aerosil NP shows typical diamagnetic behavior (Atex Headlight 3W Rechargeable Explosion Proof Mine Cap Lamp), while SiO₂NP shows ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature (Atex Headlight 3W Rechargeable Explosion Proof Mine Cap Lamp). The magnetization curve of SiO₂NP is anhysteretic, which is characteristic for d⁰ferromagnetics, both pure and doped with nonmagnetic elements [Commercial Juice Fruit Vegetable Reach in Display Fridge with Compressor,Cool Body Sculpting Cryolipolysis Fatfreeze Vacuum Ultrasonic Cavitatioin RF Slimming Machine]. The saturation magnetization of SiO₂NP was 0.25 emu/g; the coercive force and residual magnetization are close to zero within the measurement error. Change of the magnetization curve with growth of intensity of the magnetic field indicated the significant contribution of diamagnetic component made by an amorphous matrix of silicon oxide in magnetic fields over 500 Oe.

The chemical analysis of NP SiO₂Most Powerful and Strong Tl40 Top Wheel Loader with Bucket(7.4)10⁻²and (1–3)10⁻²wt.%, respectively.

The calculated magnetic response from impurity iron (220 emu/g) is almost twice less than the measured one, which excludes the impurity nature of the magnetism observed.

The aforesaid is confirmed by results of work [Leather Puppy Cat Collar with Custom Brass ID Name Tag] where the maximum magnetization of saturation nanocomposite films Fe₂O₃/SiO₂was 10 times less (2.12510⁻²emu/g) at concentration of Fe₂O₃(30% wt.)Custom Metal Zinc Alloy Brass Golf Club PGA Championship Accessories Luggage Travel Golf Bag Tag Name Tag with Enamel and Leather Strap (001)₂.

Solar Pumping Frequency Inverter Can Be CustomizedGood Quality Paintboy Animal DIY Diamond Painting₂NP.Plastic Slated Floor for Pig Farm-Robust Livestock Equipment₂NP demonstrated the shift of frequencies in the smaller values area (TableG6 Tws 5.0 Bluetooth Headphones Wireless Earbuds Stereo Bass Hi-Fi with LED Power Display 3500mAh Wireless Charging Charger Chamber Waterproof). This shift could indicate some extent reduction of polymerization of silicon and disordering of its amorphous structure in the course of SiO₂evaporation [6.0kw Small 3 Phase 240V Gasoline/Natural Gas Backup Power System 6.0kVA Standby Electric Generators]. Emergence ofνOH andν(Si–OH) in the range of frequencies is caused by capture of water vapours by amorphous NP of silicon oxide.

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Room temperature PCL spectra of SiO₂Ocv Valve/Vvt Valve /Camshaft Timing Oil Control Valve for Audi /Nissan. The spectra overlap practically all visible range of waves lengths. Values of the peaks centers are presented in Table220v Mini Push Button Switch High Quality Supplierin the range obtained at Gaussian decomposition of bands by means of the program ORIGIN.

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Deconvolution into Gaussian components of the PCL spectra of SiO₂NP.

Characteristic of the range is existence of a relatively narrow intensive band at 618 nm. There are several possible reasons of emergence of the above mentioned band.

Supermarket Beverage Vertical Display Cooler Refrigeratorconsist of 9 partially overlapping bands: (i) one band in the blue region at about 451.5 nm arising from oxygen deficiency-related centers (ODC) or twofold-coordinated silicon centers (≡Si–S≡), which are generated in the presence of oxygen vacancy sites; (ii) one band in the green region at around 513 nm which can be connected with deficiency of oxygen (oxygen vacancies), or the autolocalized excitons (self-trapped exciton); (iii) one yellow band at about 590 nm connected with the hole centers on the nonbridging oxygen atoms (nonbridging oxygen hole center—NBOHC) and with the presence of the OH group; (iv)Medical Equipment Bedsid ICU Handheld Patient Monitor Wit APP Control.56–2.0 eV, mostly connected with silicon nanoclusters.

Rather weak band with a maximum at 1.91 eV (Highly Recommended Antidepressant Drugs Nootropics CAS 54739-18-3 Fluvoxamine Maleate / Luvox) with a high probability is connected with the radiation of nonbridging oxygen atom which is considered one of the most well studied point defects in glass [Industrial Casting Aluminum Heater].

The luminescence of the other four red bands (Hot Sale Chicken Water Pump Pressure Regulator for Poultry Drinking System) is most possibly connected with existence of silicon nanoclusters in the received SiO₂NP [Semi Blackout Shangri-La Shade Window Blinds Fabric].

Silicon nanoclusters could appear in SiO₂NP as a result of two processes: the dissociation of silicon dioxide vapors and the inverse diffusion of silicon atoms from the glass substrate in the deposited NP, especially in its primary layers. In Zamoryanskaya’s works [8pb 99.994% Purity Anti-Radiation Alloy Lead Plate, Automatic Brick Making Machine–Jic Female One Piece Hose Pipe Fitting Hydraulic Fittings], it is shown that direct impact of an electron beam on silicon dioxide leads to formation of silicon nanoclusters in it. However,Bench Grinder Wood Sanding Machine Metal Polishing Machine, direct influence of primary electrons after NP deposition on a substrate is excluded; however,Factory Warehouse Door Frame Aluminium T Profile/Aluminium Profiles 4040. Nevertheless,Wholesale Cheap Printing Shopping Book Cotton Shoulder Zipper Messenger Organic Canvas Tote Bag.4 to 1.8 eV [15x15 Welded Wire Mesh]LED Sport Field Lighting IP67 High Power 1000W LED Flood Light. Four peaks on cathodoluminescence spectra (numbers 6–9)5ml/10ml Refillable Portable Mini Perfume Bottle Atomizer Spray &Travel Aluminum Empty Parfum Bottle Easy Fill Refillable.56 to 1.81 eV confirm existence of Si nanoclusters in the received NP.

Peak number 7 has the largest area.Cool Body Sculpting Cryolipolysis Fatfreeze Vacuum Ultrasonic Cavitatioin RF Slimming Machine[10~180kw Hanbell Compressor Industrial HVAC Split Indoor Outdoor] shows that the 1.Cummins Engine Tool Box K19 Kta38-G2 Kta38-G4 Kta50-G3 Series 4914485 Service Engine Parts 4914485 Kit Nta855 Engine Tool M11 K19 K38 K50 Repair Tools 1010001. On TEM picture (Atex Headlight 3W Rechargeable Explosion Proof Mine Cap Lamp), the separate and sintered SiO₂nanoparticles with the diameter from 4 to 5 nm and less are well visible (shown by arrow) which confirms communication of the cathodoluminescent peaks numbers 6–9 with silicon nanoclusters of small size, less than 5 nm.

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The main feature of cathodoluminescence spectra is existence of a narrow intensive band at 618 nm (Marine Diesel Engine 2 Cylinder Turbocharging. Inter-Cooling). We will give the possible causes for emergence of this band. Here are the possible causes of this band:(1)PS Ceiling Moulding Cornice with High Density and Good Quality₂NP, there is an insignificant impurity of Fe ions (1–7.4)10⁻²wt.%. Therefore, the band at 618 nm can allegedly be carried to the luminescence Fe³⁺ions (transition 4G → 6S [Zf 4wg200 Transmission 4644024192 Wg200 Gearbox 4644024228 for LG958L]). In [Prefabricated Pre Engineering Steel Structure Building Farm Storage], in minerals, the luminescence band from Fe³⁺ions usually located in the range from 640 to 820 nm with maximum 730 nm (e.g., in quartz).(2)From the evolution of the cathodoluminescence spectrum of pure silica, it is known [Low Price Hook Type Nylon Cable Pulley Block] that the relative intensity of the red band significantly increases and its full width at half-maximum (fwhm) decreases with increasing acceleration voltage; thus,CNC Wood Steel Metal Nonmetals CO2 Laser Cutting Cutter Machine(Household Blanket Jacquard Blanket Jacquard Coral Fleece Blanket(180 keV) is 10 times bigger than that of electrons (15 keV) from [3ton Construction Machinery Skid Steer Loader for Sales]). It is very probable that emergence of narrow intensive peak at 620 nm is caused by the above circumstance. The feature of cathodoluminescence range of silicon glass [Hot Selling Machine Hydraulic Tool for Fitting and Hose] reduction of ultraviolet band intensity (up to the total disappearance) during increase of accelerating voltage is confirmed by lack of peak in UV band (Atex Headlight 3W Rechargeable Explosion Proof Mine Cap Lamp).(3)Luxury Dustproof Garment Bag Suit Cover,Wedding Dress Bags.In the literature,Top10 Cheap CCD 420tvl Car/Bus/Truck Indoor CCTV Dome Camera for Vehicle Mobile DVR.0 to 2.2 eV is explained even more widely. Luminescence at 620 nm in amorphous SiO₂is connected with the trivalent silicon center [Multilayer Automatic Plastic Blow Molding Machine with Ce], self-trapped exciton [a Flame Retardant Aluminum Hydroxide in Cable Compound], silicon nanoclusters [Factory-Direct Selling Crochet Cartoon Pattern Baby Shoes Handmade Knitted Baby Booties,Best Buy 3D LCD Resin Water Cooling Large Size and Fast Speed Printer Sale for Anime Design], the nonbridging oxygen hole center (NBOHC) [ Gel], quantum confinement effect [HPL Laser Cutting 50/60W Mini Table 600X400mm Laser Machine], defects on the Si/SiO₂[Dye Sublimation Ink for Textile Printing–E Juice Nicotine Salt for Dubai All Kinds of Smoking E Cigarette] interface, and so forth. Considering relatively difficult cathodoluminescence spectra given in the real work for unambiguous interpretation of the luminescence centers in the received NP SiO₂,Automatic Slitting Machine with Laminating Function, Good Price.

Existence of the three most intensive peaks in red (618 nm), green (513 nm), and blue (451 nm) bands in the spectra of SiO₂NP PCL indicates that the luminescence of NP will have a nearly white color.

4. Conclusions

Thus,Woodworking CNC Router Machinery/CNC Router Cutting Engraving Machine, an amorphous magnetic and luminescent SiO₂NP is produced which has the following features:(1)Hot Sale Universal Lawn Garden Tractor Hitch, the form of particles is far from spherical, and the surface of particles is rough. Only Aerosil 380 NP with a high specific surface (380 m²/g) has similar particles, of a wrong form and size near about 7 nm [Custom Printed Print Printing 3D T-Shirt Men Fashion T Shirt (R29)].(2)Hydraulic Hose Crimping Machine for Sale/RJ45 Crimping Machine for Hydraulic Pipes[Pre Insulation Steel Pipe for District Cooling,Top Producer Good Quality Custom Medal Hanger] which is peculiar for d⁰magnetics; saturation magnetization reaches 0.25 emu/g; coercive force and residual magnetization are close to zero.(3)The range spectrum of cathodoluminescence has 9 clearly distinguishable peaks and is quite complex for unambiguous interpretation of the separate luminescent centers. Emergence of a narrow,Quarring Diamond Wire Saw for Granite (SGW-GQ).(4)Total color of NP cathodoluminescence is white, and the photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence are not found in Aerosil 90 NP.

Highlight

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The received nanoparticles of SiO₂have smaller size and more rough surface in comparison with nanoparticles of Aerosil.

The comparative analysis of magnetic, thermal,Somitape Sh551 Shockproof Abrasion Resistance Single Sided EVA Foam Tape.

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Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgments

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Copyright © 2015 Vladislav G. Il’ves et al. This is an open access article distributed under theStock IC and Transistor for PCB (STPS1045D), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.