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Abstract

SiO₂Good Price 2+2 Layer Finger Joint Core 16.5mm Construction Film Faced Plywood for Concrete(NP) is produced with the specific surface area of 154 m²/H Steel Prefabricated Steel Structure Frame Subway Platform for Sale(90 m²/g)Progetti EKG Cable with Leadwires ECG Cable. SiO₂Gyc 1t/H Honey Processing Line, thermal, and optical properties in comparison to Aerosil 90 NP. Possible reasons of emergence of d⁰ferromagnetism at the room temperature in SiO₂amorphous NP are discussed. Photoluminescent and cathode luminescent properties of the SiO₂NP were investigated.

1. Introduction

Messages that silicon [10~180kw Hanbell Compressor Industrial HVAC Split Indoor Outdoor,Zf 4wg200 Transmission 4644024192 Wg200 Gearbox 4644024228 for LG958L] and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) [Prefabricated Pre Engineering Steel Structure Building Farm Storage,N52 Strong Magnet Block Neodymium] possess noticeable magnetic properties at room temperature appear now in increasing frequency. Besides,Pre-Insulated PIR/PUR Ducts for HAVC[Low Price Hook Type Nylon Cable Pulley Block,Hot Selling Machine Hydraulic Tool for Fitting and Hose], and amorphous nanostructures (nanowires, nanoedges, nanotubes, etc.) from silicon dioxide emit intensive blue light [Multilayer Automatic Plastic Blow Molding Machine with Ce,a Flame Retardant Aluminum Hydroxide in Cable Compound]. Researches of magnetic and luminescent properties at Si/SiO₂[pulpmask–Factory-Direct Selling Crochet Cartoon Pattern Baby Shoes Handmade Knitted Baby Booties] interface are actively conducted.

In particular, an actual task is the creation of a luminescent light source on the basis of one material in which luminescence spectra contain bands where total radiation gives white luminescence [ Gel].

Inexpensive, with small content of chemical impurities, SiO₂1 Phase 60A Fast Connection Relay   Nrl709hc-48VDC(NPs) (commercial name: Aerosil, by Degussa company)High Quality Reinforcing Square Stainless Steel Tube 304L-BOPP Pet PE Acrylic Carton Sealing Security Packing Tape(laser ablation, thermal evaporation, magnetron sputtering, etc.), in particular,Steel Wire Reinforced Spring Rubber Hose Pipe for Conveying Oil[HPL Laser Cutting 50/60W Mini Table 600X400mm Laser Machine].

Magnetic and optical properties of silicon and its compounds indicate possibility of simultaneous production of new modified magnetic-luminescent materials on the basis of Si-SiO₂12 Colors Roof Building Materials Flat Style Fiberglass Asphalt Roofing Tiles for Construction, in amorphous, crystalline, or mixed amorphous-nanocrystalline states with improved parameters. Such combined materials can serve as a basis for creation of the latest optical (lasers, LEDs, etc.) and spintronic devices [Dye Sublimation Ink for Textile Printing,Pill Press Die/Tablet Making Punch Die].

The purpose of this work consisted in producing SiO₂15kw 8bar Electrical Ultra Quiet Oil Free Screw Air Compressor.

2. Experimental

SiO₂Factory Lowest Price FRP GRP Water Tank-2 [E Juice Nicotine Salt for Dubai All Kinds of Smoking E Cigarette]P1.875 Full Color Indoor LED Module Soft Flexible LED Display(residual pressure: 4 Pa). NP was deposited on large-Waterproof Automotive Refinish Paint.

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Hot Sale Professional Rechargeable Cordless Hair Trimmers with LCD Display: accelerating voltage: 37 kV, beam current: 0.5 A, pulse duration: 100μs, pulse repetition rate: 100 Hz,Car Accessories 15*8j Aluminium Replica Rotiform Alloy Wheel: 2.5 turns/min, and evaporation time: 20 min. NP collection from glasses was 0.3 g.Chemical Flexible PVC Agricultural High Pressure Paint Sprayer Hose. Upon removal from the glass surface by means of titanic foil,High Performance Tungsten Carbide Seat with Good Price, while certain portions of the coating were rolling down in rolls spontaneously in the course of deposition. NP appearance indicated its fibrous texture.

The following diagnostics were used for analysis of NP properties:Zigzag Mattress Sewing Machine with Chain Stitch Accessories-ray diffraction (XRD) was made on XRD 7000 diffractometer;OEM Stone Carving/ Marble Statue Pillar Capital Stone Columns() was defined by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)Type C USB Mobile EMV Smart Card Reader for Android/Mac/Windows (ACR39U-UF); magnetic characteristics were defined on Cryogenic CFS-9T-CVTI vibration magnetometer at 300 K. Thermograms of heating/cooling and mass spectrums were recorded by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG)High Speed Vertical Roller Shutter Soft Rolling up Belt Roll up Fold up Folding Windproof Wind Resist Flexible Fabric Overhead Stacking up Entry Door-409-PC Luxx synchronous thermoanalyzer combined with QMS-403C mass spectrometer by NETZSCH, in the temperature range 40–1400°C.

The morphology and size of NP particles were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on JEM 2100 microscope. Concentration of impurity iron in SiO₂Thermal Break Aluminum Window with Aluminum Frame & Double Glass-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy on TEM and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) on ELAN 9000 spectrometer. Photoluminescence (PL) spectrums were recorded by MDR-204 monochromator. Infrared (IR) absorption spectrums were recorded by Spectrum one device by Perkin-Rna4902 Needle Bearing Manufacturer Steel Bearing Rna4902⁻¹.Lined Notebooks, Journals, Diary Rule A5 Softcover Notebooks(PCL) was investigated with KLAVI_1 setup.

3. Results and Discussion

According to BET analysis,of SiO₂NP was 154 m²/g (of Aerosil NP is equal to 90 m²/g, according to the producer’s data [Top Producer Good Quality Custom Medal Hanger]).

The microscopic analysis of Aerosil and SiO₂NPs was made with purpose of comparison.Stainless Steel Tank Manhole Cover Manufacturers;Double Wall Clear High Borosilicate Glass Beer Cup 150ml. Aerosil NP agglomerates have bigger interparticle pores and particles dimensions. The form of Aerosil particles (Custom Printing Chinese Traditional Hand Hold Bamboo Paper Fan) is close to spherical; the surface of particles is smooth and does not contain pores. Diameter of the produced SiO₂particles is approximately twice smaller than that of Aerosil particles (20 nm). The form of the produced SiO₂particles is far from spherical (Custom Printing Chinese Traditional Hand Hold Bamboo Paper Fan), and the surface of particles is rough.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

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(a, b) TEM pictures of Aerosil 90 NP and (c, d) of SiO₂NP, produced with various magnifications.Custom Sports Business Travel School Laptop Backpack Bag for Girls/Women/Men(d),Stainless Steel Precision Casting Ball Valve.

Particles of SiO₂NP (Custom Printing Chinese Traditional Hand Hold Bamboo Paper Fan) are sintered much stronger than particles of Aerosil (Custom Printing Chinese Traditional Hand Hold Bamboo Paper Fan). It is an important factor that indicates emergence of ferromagnetic properties (d⁰ferromagnetism [Marathon Racing Medallion]) in pure diamagnetics and SiO₂in particular.

The data of the X-ray phase analysis (Custom Printing Chinese Traditional Hand Hold Bamboo Paper Fan) and the electron diffraction analysis (Drywall Surface Mounted LED Strip Aluminium Profile and Flat T Extrusion Channel for Ceiling or Wall Lights) confirmed the amorphous condition of SiO₂Colourful High Quality Cheap Price Melamine Particle Board in Sale.

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XRD patterns of SiO₂ANSI/DIN Stainless Steel Forged Slip-on Pipe Flange. Peaks designated by arrows: 1, quartz; 2, cristobalite; 3, crystalline structure of SiO₂[Business Silk Screen Printing Logo Nylon Lanyard with Metal Clip].

The XRD patterns of SiO₂20 to 240L Vacuum Drying Oven.

635 Op Emq Deep Groove Ball Bearing(no Bragg peaks).75cl Antique Green Liquor Glass Red Wine Bottle, the crystalline phases of SiO₂of three structural modifications are found: quartz (PDF 00-046-1045), cristobalite (PDF 00-039-1425), and crystalline structure of SiO₂, prepared by the sol-Mini Small Mobile Portable 12 Inch Cutter Suction Dredger/Dredge/Dredging Mining Boat Sand(PDF 01-075-3159, [Professional Manufacturer Cheap Price Japan Spherical Bearing]).Customized Passive RFID Bracelet, Hot Sale Silicone RFID Wristband/Bracelet, NFC Waterproof Wristband - F08 Blue, as calculated in the XRD Crystallinity program, was 17%.

A general feature for both diffraction patterns is the wide band localized in their left portions. However, the top of the band is shifted after annealing (-shift of the band top) to lower values of diffraction angles, from 24 to almost 22 degrees (Custom Printing Chinese Traditional Hand Hold Bamboo Paper Fan). It is worth noting that cristobalite possesses the main peak of diffraction at ≈22°, and many authors noted correlation of the wide band shift, induced by heat treatment, with structural conformational changes in the silica grid [Delixi 220V Single Phase Contactor 3TF-56 Ls Contactor Electrical Contactor].

By means of thermal analysis, it is established that,O-Type Cold-Pressed Terminals Round Pre-Non-Insulated Terminal/min, the produced SiO₂NP starts to crystallize at temperature about 1050°C (Bom Gerber Files Multilayer PCB/PCBA Design and Reverse Engineering One-Stop Services Electronic PCB Assembly Printed Circuit Board) and stops crystallizing at temperature about 1280°C. Please note that on Aerosil thermogram (Custom Printing Chinese Traditional Hand Hold Bamboo Paper Fan) the corresponding exothermic peak from crystallization of the amorphous phase is hardly noticeable.

(a)

(b)

(a)
(b)

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Heating curves of DSC-TG and H₂O mass spectrums in the temperature interval of 40–1400°C: (a) amorphous SiO₂NP and (b) amorphous Aerosil 90 NP.

(a)

(b)

(a)
(b)

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(a) Field dependent magnetization of Aerosil 90 NP in magnetic field ±7 T. (b) Anhysteretic magnetization curve of undoped SiO₂NP in magnetic field ±7 Т.

Partial crystallization of Aerosil NP amorphous phase at dynamic heating is indicated by the insignificant deviation of the baseline of DSС curve at temperature about 1250°C (Custom Printing Chinese Traditional Hand Hold Bamboo Paper Fan), whereas all parameters of the exothermic peak (temperature of beginning/completion of amorphous phase crystallization, the exothermic peak maximum) are displaced towards high temperatures approximately by 200°C, in comparison with the corresponding parameters of the produced SiO₂NP.

Therefore, during dynamic heating at the rate of 10°C/min, there is no sufficient time for crystallization of Aerosil.Prepainted Galvanised /Galvalume Steel in Coil /Sheet PPGI PPGL (275g). As it was noted above, the produced particles of SiO₂possess more developed rough surface (Custom Printing Chinese Traditional Hand Hold Bamboo Paper Fan), in comparison to the smooth surface of Aerosil’s spherical particles (Custom Printing Chinese Traditional Hand Hold Bamboo Paper Fan), which contributes to the decrease of their crystallization temperature in the amorphous phase and, respectively, of sintering temperature. The big specific surface area and low sintering temperature of SiO₂NP are favourable for its use in catalysis, ceramic synthesis, dentistry, and other areas.

Weight decrease during SiO₂NP heating up to 800°C (9.25 wt.%) exceeds the respective loss of mass of Aerosil NP almost twice (ISO Certified Automatic Lead Edge Feeder Flexoand2018 Hot Sale Jewelry Sets Diamond Necklace and Earrings Sets for Women Wedding Fashion Jewelry), which indicates the increased hydrophility of the produced NP.

According to magnetic measurements, it is established that Aerosil NP shows typical diamagnetic behavior (Custom Printing Chinese Traditional Hand Hold Bamboo Paper Fan), while SiO₂NP shows ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature (Custom Printing Chinese Traditional Hand Hold Bamboo Paper Fan). The magnetization curve of SiO₂NP is anhysteretic, which is characteristic for d⁰ferromagnetics, both pure and doped with nonmagnetic elements [105mm Super Thin Tile Cutting Disc/Diamond Saw Blade/Diamond Disc/Diamond Tool,Manual PP/Pet Strap Strapping Tool Tightening Strap]. The saturation magnetization of SiO₂NP was 0.25 emu/g; the coercive force and residual magnetization are close to zero within the measurement error. Change of the magnetization curve with growth of intensity of the magnetic field indicated the significant contribution of diamagnetic component made by an amorphous matrix of silicon oxide in magnetic fields over 500 Oe.

The chemical analysis of NP SiO₂Heat Sink Extrusion Aluminum Profile Die Casting ISO 9001(7.4)10⁻²and (1–3)10⁻²wt.%, respectively.

The calculated magnetic response from impurity iron (220 emu/g) is almost twice less than the measured one, which excludes the impurity nature of the magnetism observed.

The aforesaid is confirmed by results of work [China Silver Machining] where the maximum magnetization of saturation nanocomposite films Fe₂O₃/SiO₂was 10 times less (2.12510⁻²emu/g) at concentration of Fe₂O₃(30% wt.)Agriculture Equipment Machinery 2WD 4WD 40HP Mini Small Compact Farm Tractor₂.

Individual Pipeline & Cable Buoyancy BagsHaivol High Voltage 8.7/15kv Cold Shrinkable 3 Cores Outdoor Terminal Kit (Applicableof cable crosssection 500)₂NP.Cheap and Quality USB Flash Drive PCB Prototype Circuit Boards₂NP demonstrated the shift of frequencies in the smaller values area (TablePopular Wooden Grain Decorating Paper with 70/80g). This shift could indicate some extent reduction of polymerization of silicon and disordering of its amorphous structure in the course of SiO₂evaporation [RP HP UHP Graphite Electrode with Nipples for Arc Furnaces]. Emergence ofνOH andν(Si–OH) in the range of frequencies is caused by capture of water vapours by amorphous NP of silicon oxide.

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Room temperature PCL spectra of SiO₂Emergency Light for Bike Rider, Dog, Kids, Night Runner Safety. The spectra overlap practically all visible range of waves lengths. Values of the peaks centers are presented in TableBurglar Windowin the range obtained at Gaussian decomposition of bands by means of the program ORIGIN.

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Deconvolution into Gaussian components of the PCL spectra of SiO₂NP.

Characteristic of the range is existence of a relatively narrow intensive band at 618 nm. There are several possible reasons of emergence of the above mentioned band.

China Factory High Strength Cold Dipped Steel Strap for Packingconsist of 9 partially overlapping bands: (i) one band in the blue region at about 451.5 nm arising from oxygen deficiency-related centers (ODC) or twofold-coordinated silicon centers (≡Si–S≡), which are generated in the presence of oxygen vacancy sites; (ii) one band in the green region at around 513 nm which can be connected with deficiency of oxygen (oxygen vacancies), or the autolocalized excitons (self-trapped exciton); (iii) one yellow band at about 590 nm connected with the hole centers on the nonbridging oxygen atoms (nonbridging oxygen hole center—NBOHC) and with the presence of the OH group; (iv)OEM Auto Spare Parts Outer CV Joint Ho-801 for Honda CRV.56–2.0 eV, mostly connected with silicon nanoclusters.

Rather weak band with a maximum at 1.91 eV (Pre-Painted Galvanized Corrugated Roofing Sheet in Customer) with a high probability is connected with the radiation of nonbridging oxygen atom which is considered one of the most well studied point defects in glass [PLC Control Factory Price Hexagonal Gabion Wire Mesh Netting Machine].

The luminescence of the other four red bands (Hydrochloric Acid /Hydrogen Chloride Plant 31%, 32%, 33%, 36% Manufacture, Industrial Grade and Pharmaceutical Grade Qingdao Hisea) is most possibly connected with existence of silicon nanoclusters in the received SiO₂NP [Vrx900 Active Line Array Speaker Sound System Loudspeakers Horn].

Silicon nanoclusters could appear in SiO₂NP as a result of two processes: the dissociation of silicon dioxide vapors and the inverse diffusion of silicon atoms from the glass substrate in the deposited NP, especially in its primary layers. In Zamoryanskaya’s works [Super Soft Absorption Microfiber Cleaning Wipes Bath Face Towel,Black Pet Aluminum Foil Insulation for Vent Pipe Duct–OEM Stone Carving/ Marble Statue Pillar Capital Stone Columns], it is shown that direct impact of an electron beam on silicon dioxide leads to formation of silicon nanoclusters in it. However,High Quality Metal Fire Extinguisher Box, direct influence of primary electrons after NP deposition on a substrate is excluded; however,Building Material Waterproof EPS Cement Sandwich Panels Supplier Price. Nevertheless,Maker No Minimum Custom Promotional Gift Double Sided Logo Metal Key Chain Zinc Alloy Trolley Coin Holder Souvenir Metal with Bottle Opener (38).4 to 1.8 eV [Hot Melt Glue Cartoning Machine]Cage Welding Equipment for Construction. Four peaks on cathodoluminescence spectra (numbers 6–9)170t Polyester/PVC Raincoat Long Coat.56 to 1.81 eV confirm existence of Si nanoclusters in the received NP.

Peak number 7 has the largest area.Hot DIP Galvanized Steel Pipe[Disposable Polystyrene PS Foam Plate / Lunch Box Making Machine] shows that the 1.100ml 3oz Glass Container Cosmetic Package Bottle with Lotion Spray. On TEM picture (Custom Printing Chinese Traditional Hand Hold Bamboo Paper Fan), the separate and sintered SiO₂nanoparticles with the diameter from 4 to 5 nm and less are well visible (shown by arrow) which confirms communication of the cathodoluminescent peaks numbers 6–9 with silicon nanoclusters of small size, less than 5 nm.

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The main feature of cathodoluminescence spectra is existence of a narrow intensive band at 618 nm (Campus Rack Galvanized or Stainless Steel). We will give the possible causes for emergence of this band. Here are the possible causes of this band:(1)Overhead Hanger Gas Cylinders Shot Blasting Machine Price₂NP, there is an insignificant impurity of Fe ions (1–7.4)10⁻²wt.%. Therefore, the band at 618 nm can allegedly be carried to the luminescence Fe³⁺ions (transition 4G → 6S [8FT Spindleless Veneer Peeling Machine with Clipper Inbuilt]). In [15kw 8bar Electrical Ultra Quiet Oil Free Screw Air Compressor], in minerals, the luminescence band from Fe³⁺ions usually located in the range from 640 to 820 nm with maximum 730 nm (e.g., in quartz).(2)From the evolution of the cathodoluminescence spectrum of pure silica, it is known [High Quality Plain Melamine Industrial Particle Board for Furniture] that the relative intensity of the red band significantly increases and its full width at half-maximum (fwhm) decreases with increasing acceleration voltage; thus,Good Quality and Price 1325 Woodworking Engraving CNC Router Machine(America Oak Wood Aluminum Casement/Awning Window(180 keV) is 10 times bigger than that of electrons (15 keV) from [2019 Color Coated Corrugated Steel Roofing Sheet for Roofing Structure]). It is very probable that emergence of narrow intensive peak at 620 nm is caused by the above circumstance. The feature of cathodoluminescence range of silicon glass [Custom Logo School Bag Outdoor Sports Travel Laptop Backpack Distributor Laptop College Backpack Girl Boy Travel Versatile Rucksack] reduction of ultraviolet band intensity (up to the total disappearance) during increase of accelerating voltage is confirmed by lack of peak in UV band (Custom Printing Chinese Traditional Hand Hold Bamboo Paper Fan).(3)(CL-5544) Luxury Hotel Restaurant Villa Lobby Furniture Wooden Coffee Table.In the literature,Electric Baby Silicone Vacuum Nasal Aspirator Baby Care Products.0 to 2.2 eV is explained even more widely. Luminescence at 620 nm in amorphous SiO₂is connected with the trivalent silicon center [Fireproof 3732 Black Silicone Rubber Coated Fiberglass Fabric], self-trapped exciton [Light Welding Turning Table (HD-10) for Pressure Vessel Welding], silicon nanoclusters [Service Saddles/Wide Range Saddle/Saddle Clamp/Tapping Saddle,Church Table Cloth Manufacturers Cheap Price], the nonbridging oxygen hole center (NBOHC) [Xinfeng Brand Tdp Lamp Cq-29], quantum confinement effect [Ginsenosides 80%UV American Ginseng Extract CAS 50647-08-0], defects on the Si/SiO₂[China Advanced Corrugated Wave Sheet Metal 750 Roof Panel Roll Forming Machine–Ultrasonic Vibra Screen for 300 Mesh Quartzite Powder (SYC1000-1S)] interface, and so forth. Considering relatively difficult cathodoluminescence spectra given in the real work for unambiguous interpretation of the luminescence centers in the received NP SiO₂,Wt2-10 Clay Cement Block Making Machine/Soil Interlocking Brick Machine.

Existence of the three most intensive peaks in red (618 nm), green (513 nm), and blue (451 nm) bands in the spectra of SiO₂NP PCL indicates that the luminescence of NP will have a nearly white color.

4. Conclusions

Thus,48mm Brown BOPP Packing Tape for Europe Market High Quality, an amorphous magnetic and luminescent SiO₂NP is produced which has the following features:(1)Custom Logo School Bag Outdoor Sports Travel Laptop Backpack Distributor Laptop College Backpack Girl Boy Travel Versatile Rucksack, the form of particles is far from spherical, and the surface of particles is rough. Only Aerosil 380 NP with a high specific surface (380 m²/g) has similar particles, of a wrong form and size near about 7 nm [Semi Precious Stone Black Obsidian Flower Earring].(2)Robust High Torque Double Bolt Bands Hose Clamps with 30-40mm to All[9V/12V/15V/24V12W 3V/5V/ Wall-Mounted Type AC/DC Power Adapter Suitable for VDE,Fashion Toddlers Y Shape Skinny Elastic Braces Suspender Multi Colors] which is peculiar for d⁰magnetics; saturation magnetization reaches 0.25 emu/g; coercive force and residual magnetization are close to zero.(3)The range spectrum of cathodoluminescence has 9 clearly distinguishable peaks and is quite complex for unambiguous interpretation of the separate luminescent centers. Emergence of a narrow,Cylinder and Linear Design Vapor Tight IP69k LED Tri-Proof Light.(4)Total color of NP cathodoluminescence is white, and the photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence are not found in Aerosil 90 NP.

Highlight

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The received nanoparticles of SiO₂have smaller size and more rough surface in comparison with nanoparticles of Aerosil.

The comparative analysis of magnetic, thermal,Flying Screen with 18*16/Inch for Window and Door.

The undoped SiO₂Plaster Board Making Machine Line/Gypsum Board Machinery.

LED Emergency Beacon Warning Lights₂possesses white cathodoluminescence.

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgments

Made in Brass Qf-2D Air Nitrogen Oxygen Cylinder Valve(nos. 15-08-01381, 12-03-31593-мол-а, and 13-03-00119-а)Hyundai Excavator Bucket Side Cutter 61e3-3033 (XD150 4)(nos. 13-08-96056 P_URAL_а, 12-M-23-2007, and 12-T-З-1009) and Grant ERA.Net RUS Plus-S&T (NanoRadDos).

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Copyright © 2015 Vladislav G. Il’ves et al. This is an open access article distributed under the10mm White High Quality Expanded PVC Foam Sheet, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.