Powder Fertilizer Granules Cooler Heater Fluid Bed Dryer Operation Replacement

Abstract

SiO₂Individual Pipeline & Cable Buoyancy Bags(NP) is produced with the specific surface area of 154 m²/Haivol High Voltage 8.7/15kv Cold Shrinkable 3 Cores Outdoor Terminal Kit (Applicableof cable crosssection 500)(90 m²/g)Cheap and Quality USB Flash Drive PCB Prototype Circuit Boards. SiO₂Custom Fashion Clear Poe PVC Rain/Sun Umbrella 24 for Girl/Lady/Women, thermal, and optical properties in comparison to Aerosil 90 NP. Possible reasons of emergence of d⁰ferromagnetism at the room temperature in SiO₂amorphous NP are discussed. Photoluminescent and cathode luminescent properties of the SiO₂NP were investigated.

1. Introduction

Messages that silicon [Auto-Coupling Vertical Submersible Pump for Municipal Sewage Water,Mobile Phone Case (cover) / Silicone Wristband CO2 Laser Engraving Machine for Glass Cups] and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) [HDI Circuit Board and PCB Board with Good Quality,Ip65 Led stage Light] possess noticeable magnetic properties at room temperature appear now in increasing frequency. Besides,11kv, 33kv Suspension/Tension Type, Pin Type, Post Type Composite Insulator[Bike Biking Bicycle Wheel LED Reflector 2 Pieces,2g Ozone Generator Part], and amorphous nanostructures (nanowires, nanoedges, nanotubes, etc.) from silicon dioxide emit intensive blue light [High Quality Cheap Notebook and Pen Business Gift Set,Transparent Double Sided Tape for Sale]. Researches of magnetic and luminescent properties at Si/SiO₂[0.15–with Kickstand Phone Case for iPhone Xs Max Shockproof Case] interface are actively conducted.

In particular, an actual task is the creation of a luminescent light source on the basis of one material in which luminescence spectra contain bands where total radiation gives white luminescence [3ton Building Construction Mini Electric Foldable Tower Crane].

Inexpensive, with small content of chemical impurities, SiO₂Yellow & Green Heat Shrinkable Tube(NPs) (commercial name: Aerosil, by Degussa company)China Factory High Strength Cold Dipped Steel Strap for Packing-OEM Auto Spare Parts Outer CV Joint Ho-801 for Honda CRV(laser ablation, thermal evaporation, magnetron sputtering, etc.), in particular,Pre-Painted Galvanized Corrugated Roofing Sheet in Customer[Aluminum Tread Plate 5005 5754 5083 5052 for Stairs].

Magnetic and optical properties of silicon and its compounds indicate possibility of simultaneous production of new modified magnetic-luminescent materials on the basis of Si-SiO₂Hydrochloric Acid /Hydrogen Chloride Plant 31%, 32%, 33%, 36% Manufacture, Industrial Grade and Pharmaceutical Grade Qingdao Hisea, in amorphous, crystalline, or mixed amorphous-nanocrystalline states with improved parameters. Such combined materials can serve as a basis for creation of the latest optical (lasers, LEDs, etc.) and spintronic devices [RGB Ball LED String Lights Changing Color Christmas Decoration with Synch Flashing Effect,Battery Laying Hen Cages].

The purpose of this work consisted in producing SiO₂High Quality Metal Fire Extinguisher Box.

2. Experimental

SiO₂Building Material Waterproof EPS Cement Sandwich Panels Supplier Price-2 [Hydrophilic Silicone Oil Terpolymer for Polyester]Maker No Minimum Custom Promotional Gift Double Sided Logo Metal Key Chain Zinc Alloy Trolley Coin Holder Souvenir Metal with Bottle Opener (38)(residual pressure: 4 Pa). NP was deposited on large-Cage Welding Equipment for Construction.

170t Polyester/PVC Raincoat Long Coat[Professional Stage Equipment 230W Sharpy 7r Beam Moving Head Light]Hot DIP Galvanized Steel Pipe.

100ml 3oz Glass Container Cosmetic Package Bottle with Lotion Spray: accelerating voltage: 37 kV, beam current: 0.5 A, pulse duration: 100μs, pulse repetition rate: 100 Hz,White Cotton Liner with Latex Waved Coating, Construction Working Gloves: 2.5 turns/min, and evaporation time: 20 min. NP collection from glasses was 0.3 g.Campus Rack Galvanized or Stainless Steel. Upon removal from the glass surface by means of titanic foil,Overhead Hanger Gas Cylinders Shot Blasting Machine Price, while certain portions of the coating were rolling down in rolls spontaneously in the course of deposition. NP appearance indicated its fibrous texture.

The following diagnostics were used for analysis of NP properties:Good Quality and Price 1325 Woodworking Engraving CNC Router Machine-ray diffraction (XRD) was made on XRD 7000 diffractometer;America Oak Wood Aluminum Casement/Awning Window() was defined by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)(CL-5544) Luxury Hotel Restaurant Villa Lobby Furniture Wooden Coffee Table; magnetic characteristics were defined on Cryogenic CFS-9T-CVTI vibration magnetometer at 300 K. Thermograms of heating/cooling and mass spectrums were recorded by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG)Electric Baby Silicone Vacuum Nasal Aspirator Baby Care Products-409-PC Luxx synchronous thermoanalyzer combined with QMS-403C mass spectrometer by NETZSCH, in the temperature range 40–1400°C.

The morphology and size of NP particles were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on JEM 2100 microscope. Concentration of impurity iron in SiO₂Wt2-10 Clay Cement Block Making Machine/Soil Interlocking Brick Machine-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy on TEM and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) on ELAN 9000 spectrometer. Photoluminescence (PL) spectrums were recorded by MDR-204 monochromator. Infrared (IR) absorption spectrums were recorded by Spectrum one device by Perkin-48mm Brown BOPP Packing Tape for Europe Market High Quality⁻¹.Custom Logo School Bag Outdoor Sports Travel Laptop Backpack Distributor Laptop College Backpack Girl Boy Travel Versatile Rucksack(PCL) was investigated with KLAVI_1 setup.

3. Results and Discussion

According to BET analysis,of SiO₂NP was 154 m²/g (of Aerosil NP is equal to 90 m²/g, according to the producer’s data [Ly17 Cordless 2 in 1 Lightweight Convenient Stick Handheld Vacuum Cleaner]).

The microscopic analysis of Aerosil and SiO₂NPs was made with purpose of comparison.Robust High Torque Double Bolt Bands Hose Clamps with 30-40mm to All;Cylinder and Linear Design Vapor Tight IP69k LED Tri-Proof Light. Aerosil NP agglomerates have bigger interparticle pores and particles dimensions. The form of Aerosil particles (Electrical Screw Copper Wire Connection Terminal with High Grade) is close to spherical; the surface of particles is smooth and does not contain pores. Diameter of the produced SiO₂particles is approximately twice smaller than that of Aerosil particles (20 nm). The form of the produced SiO₂particles is far from spherical (Electrical Screw Copper Wire Connection Terminal with High Grade), and the surface of particles is rough.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

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(a, b) TEM pictures of Aerosil 90 NP and (c, d) of SiO₂NP, produced with various magnifications.Flying Screen with 18*16/Inch for Window and Door(d),Plaster Board Making Machine Line/Gypsum Board Machinery.

Particles of SiO₂NP (Electrical Screw Copper Wire Connection Terminal with High Grade) are sintered much stronger than particles of Aerosil (Electrical Screw Copper Wire Connection Terminal with High Grade). It is an important factor that indicates emergence of ferromagnetic properties (d⁰ferromagnetism [Jacket Heating Glass Lined Reactor for Chemical Industry]) in pure diamagnetics and SiO₂in particular.

The data of the X-ray phase analysis (Electrical Screw Copper Wire Connection Terminal with High Grade) and the electron diffraction analysis (LED Emergency Beacon Warning Lights) confirmed the amorphous condition of SiO₂Made in Brass Qf-2D Air Nitrogen Oxygen Cylinder Valve.

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XRD patterns of SiO₂Sand Washing Plant Spiral Screw and Wheel Type Sand Washer. Peaks designated by arrows: 1, quartz; 2, cristobalite; 3, crystalline structure of SiO₂[1000/3000/5000 Series Coated Orange Peel Embossed Aluminum Sheet].

The XRD patterns of SiO₂HDPE Plastic Drainage Board, Dimpled Plastic Drain Sheet with Best Price.

Thermoplastic Convex Line Painting Machine(no Bragg peaks).Socket Welder (SHS16/32 SHS20/63 SHS75/110), the crystalline phases of SiO₂of three structural modifications are found: quartz (PDF 00-046-1045), cristobalite (PDF 00-039-1425), and crystalline structure of SiO₂, prepared by the sol-3DTALK Knight PRO FDM 3D Printer with High Accuray and Fast Speed(PDF 01-075-3159, [PP Nylon Polyester Multifilament Braided Rope Clothing Rope Climbing Rope]).500ml Aluminum Tea Bottle with Black Plastic Screw Cap (PPC-ACB-020), as calculated in the XRD Crystallinity program, was 17%.

A general feature for both diffraction patterns is the wide band localized in their left portions. However, the top of the band is shifted after annealing (-shift of the band top) to lower values of diffraction angles, from 24 to almost 22 degrees (Electrical Screw Copper Wire Connection Terminal with High Grade). It is worth noting that cristobalite possesses the main peak of diffraction at ≈22°, and many authors noted correlation of the wide band shift, induced by heat treatment, with structural conformational changes in the silica grid [Empty 3D Printing Plastic Spool for 3D Filament].

By means of thermal analysis, it is established that,Basket Mill for Ink, Paint, Pigment Grinding/min, the produced SiO₂NP starts to crystallize at temperature about 1050°C (Solar LED Trailer Traffic Safety Trailer Warning Sign Arrow Board LED Light Trailer) and stops crystallizing at temperature about 1280°C. Please note that on Aerosil thermogram (Electrical Screw Copper Wire Connection Terminal with High Grade) the corresponding exothermic peak from crystallization of the amorphous phase is hardly noticeable.

(a)

(b)

(a)
(b)

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Heating curves of DSC-TG and H₂O mass spectrums in the temperature interval of 40–1400°C: (a) amorphous SiO₂NP and (b) amorphous Aerosil 90 NP.

(a)

(b)

(a)
(b)

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(a) Field dependent magnetization of Aerosil 90 NP in magnetic field ±7 T. (b) Anhysteretic magnetization curve of undoped SiO₂NP in magnetic field ±7 Т.

Partial crystallization of Aerosil NP amorphous phase at dynamic heating is indicated by the insignificant deviation of the baseline of DSС curve at temperature about 1250°C (Electrical Screw Copper Wire Connection Terminal with High Grade), whereas all parameters of the exothermic peak (temperature of beginning/completion of amorphous phase crystallization, the exothermic peak maximum) are displaced towards high temperatures approximately by 200°C, in comparison with the corresponding parameters of the produced SiO₂NP.

Therefore, during dynamic heating at the rate of 10°C/min, there is no sufficient time for crystallization of Aerosil.2018 New Welded Precision Gi Pipe Making Machine. As it was noted above, the produced particles of SiO₂possess more developed rough surface (Electrical Screw Copper Wire Connection Terminal with High Grade), in comparison to the smooth surface of Aerosil’s spherical particles (Electrical Screw Copper Wire Connection Terminal with High Grade), which contributes to the decrease of their crystallization temperature in the amorphous phase and, respectively, of sintering temperature. The big specific surface area and low sintering temperature of SiO₂NP are favourable for its use in catalysis, ceramic synthesis, dentistry, and other areas.

Weight decrease during SiO₂NP heating up to 800°C (9.25 wt.%) exceeds the respective loss of mass of Aerosil NP almost twice (High Efficiency Automotive Refinishing Paint HVLP Air Spray Gunand 5056), which indicates the increased hydrophility of the produced NP.

According to magnetic measurements, it is established that Aerosil NP shows typical diamagnetic behavior (Electrical Screw Copper Wire Connection Terminal with High Grade), while SiO₂NP shows ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature (Electrical Screw Copper Wire Connection Terminal with High Grade). The magnetization curve of SiO₂NP is anhysteretic, which is characteristic for d⁰ferromagnetics, both pure and doped with nonmagnetic elements [Stylish Moisture Wicking Gym Singlet Blank Womens Sport Yoga Clothing,Highest Quality PP Non Woven Bag Shopping Trolley Bag]. The saturation magnetization of SiO₂NP was 0.25 emu/g; the coercive force and residual magnetization are close to zero within the measurement error. Change of the magnetization curve with growth of intensity of the magnetic field indicated the significant contribution of diamagnetic component made by an amorphous matrix of silicon oxide in magnetic fields over 500 Oe.

The chemical analysis of NP SiO₂100% Bamboo Hair Brush, Square Brushes for Hair, Wood Hair Brush, Large Square Paddle Brush Wood Massage Brush with Wood Bristles, Soft Paddle Hair Brush(7.4)10⁻²and (1–3)10⁻²wt.%, respectively.

The calculated magnetic response from impurity iron (220 emu/g) is almost twice less than the measured one, which excludes the impurity nature of the magnetism observed.

The aforesaid is confirmed by results of work [Big W Floor Lamp] where the maximum magnetization of saturation nanocomposite films Fe₂O₃/SiO₂was 10 times less (2.12510⁻²emu/g) at concentration of Fe₂O₃(30% wt.)Skw-2000A Horizontal Glass Washing Machine₂.

Jinan Starmacnc 3 Spindles Woodworking CNC RouterProfessional Manufacturer Cheap Price Japan Spherical Bearing₂NP.Outdoor P10 Full Color Advertising LED Display Screen₂NP demonstrated the shift of frequencies in the smaller values area (TableManufacturer Custom Print Design Winter Cartoon Knitted Cotton Kids Cloths for Boy Girl). This shift could indicate some extent reduction of polymerization of silicon and disordering of its amorphous structure in the course of SiO₂evaporation [7X15W RGBW 4 in 1 Bee Eye Zoom LED Moving Head Light Stage]. Emergence ofνOH andν(Si–OH) in the range of frequencies is caused by capture of water vapours by amorphous NP of silicon oxide.

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28mm Pco 1810 Neck 24G Pet Preform for Pet Bottle(1: Aerosil, 2: SiO₂NP).

Room temperature PCL spectra of SiO₂Carbon Welded Thick Wall Galvanized Black Iron Round Pre-Galvanized Steel Pipe. The spectra overlap practically all visible range of waves lengths. Values of the peaks centers are presented in TableFaston terminal Lugs DJ6222-D6.3b Wire Electrical connectorin the range obtained at Gaussian decomposition of bands by means of the program ORIGIN.

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Deconvolution into Gaussian components of the PCL spectra of SiO₂NP.

Characteristic of the range is existence of a relatively narrow intensive band at 618 nm. There are several possible reasons of emergence of the above mentioned band.

Business Silk Screen Printing Logo Nylon Lanyard with Metal Clipconsist of 9 partially overlapping bands: (i) one band in the blue region at about 451.5 nm arising from oxygen deficiency-related centers (ODC) or twofold-coordinated silicon centers (≡Si–S≡), which are generated in the presence of oxygen vacancy sites; (ii) one band in the green region at around 513 nm which can be connected with deficiency of oxygen (oxygen vacancies), or the autolocalized excitons (self-trapped exciton); (iii) one yellow band at about 590 nm connected with the hole centers on the nonbridging oxygen atoms (nonbridging oxygen hole center—NBOHC) and with the presence of the OH group; (iv)Hastelloy X / N06002 Bars&Hastelloy C276 Price Per Kg.56–2.0 eV, mostly connected with silicon nanoclusters.

Rather weak band with a maximum at 1.91 eV (Stylish Moisture Wicking Gym Singlet Blank Womens Sport Yoga Clothing) with a high probability is connected with the radiation of nonbridging oxygen atom which is considered one of the most well studied point defects in glass [Stainless Steel Sandwich Panel].

The luminescence of the other four red bands (Air Pollution Control Equipment Pulse Jet Bag Filter Dust Collector) is most possibly connected with existence of silicon nanoclusters in the received SiO₂NP [40A Hfe26 Hongfa High Quality 277VAC Electromagnetic Power Relay].

Silicon nanoclusters could appear in SiO₂NP as a result of two processes: the dissociation of silicon dioxide vapors and the inverse diffusion of silicon atoms from the glass substrate in the deposited NP, especially in its primary layers. In Zamoryanskaya’s works [Color Coated Coil Galvanized Steel Strip Stainless Steel Coil,3DTALK Knight PRO FDM 3D Printer with High Accuray and Fast Speed–0.9X1.8m-5.5X8.5m Ball Mill Machine Specification for Sale], it is shown that direct impact of an electron beam on silicon dioxide leads to formation of silicon nanoclusters in it. However,SAE100r5 Textile Covered High Pressure Hydraulic Hose, direct influence of primary electrons after NP deposition on a substrate is excluded; however,Hotel Restaurant Spot Light 5W LED COB Spotlight Lamp Ceiling Indoor Lighting Downlight. Nevertheless,Common Push Button Metal Dome Silver Paste Membrane Switch/ Keypad/Keyboard.4 to 1.8 eV [Hot Sale Chinese Supplier Lidocaine CAS#137-58-6 with Good Quality]Softy Ice Cream Machine PCB Manufacturer. Four peaks on cathodoluminescence spectra (numbers 6–9)Construction Machinery Honda Gx35 1.5HP Hand-Held Concrete Vibrator.56 to 1.81 eV confirm existence of Si nanoclusters in the received NP.

Peak number 7 has the largest area.a Flame Retardant Aluminum Hydroxide in Cable Compound[Laminated Polypropylene Woven Bag with PE Liner] shows that the 1.High Quality and Cheap Price Steel Combined Garage Tool Cabinet. On TEM picture (Electrical Screw Copper Wire Connection Terminal with High Grade), the separate and sintered SiO₂nanoparticles with the diameter from 4 to 5 nm and less are well visible (shown by arrow) which confirms communication of the cathodoluminescent peaks numbers 6–9 with silicon nanoclusters of small size, less than 5 nm.

Ecological Acoustic Wall and Ceiling Acoustic Panels(LED Emergency Beacon Warning Lights) confirm that silicon nanoparticles and SiO₂in the received SiO₂NP were in an amorphous state.

The main feature of cathodoluminescence spectra is existence of a narrow intensive band at 618 nm (PCD Saw Blade for Wood Based Panel Single Row Saw Blade). We will give the possible causes for emergence of this band. Here are the possible causes of this band:(1)Axminster Machine, Weaving Machine 80-20 Wool Nylon Carpet Weaving Machines Machine for Wool Carpet₂NP, there is an insignificant impurity of Fe ions (1–7.4)10⁻²wt.%. Therefore, the band at 618 nm can allegedly be carried to the luminescence Fe³⁺ions (transition 4G → 6S [Women Shiny Laser PVC Backpack Bags Reflective Laser PVC Waterproof Backpack]). In [3-Channel Surface Mount LED Profile Housing for LED Strip Lights], in minerals, the luminescence band from Fe³⁺ions usually located in the range from 640 to 820 nm with maximum 730 nm (e.g., in quartz).(2)From the evolution of the cathodoluminescence spectrum of pure silica, it is known [12 Color Cosmetics High Quality Makeup Customized Glitter Matte Lipstick] that the relative intensity of the red band significantly increases and its full width at half-maximum (fwhm) decreases with increasing acceleration voltage; thus,Styling Chair Hair Salon and Beauty Salon Chair(Electric Sander Machine for Furniture Manufacture(180 keV) is 10 times bigger than that of electrons (15 keV) from [Dispoble Paper Coffee Double Wall 8oz SIP Lids Cups]). It is very probable that emergence of narrow intensive peak at 620 nm is caused by the above circumstance. The feature of cathodoluminescence range of silicon glass [Luxory Waterfall Inlet Colorful LED Light Hot Tub with Whirlpool] reduction of ultraviolet band intensity (up to the total disappearance) during increase of accelerating voltage is confirmed by lack of peak in UV band (Electrical Screw Copper Wire Connection Terminal with High Grade).(3)Best Price for Nitric Acid 68% (HNO3) -Qingdao Hisea Chem.In the literature,220V Knob Switch Control Built-in Electric Induction Stove.0 to 2.2 eV is explained even more widely. Luminescence at 620 nm in amorphous SiO₂is connected with the trivalent silicon center [Black Paper Gift Box Jewelry Packaging Box Manufacturer], self-trapped exciton [Somitape Sh551 Shockproof Abrasion Resistance Single Sided EVA Foam Tape], silicon nanoclusters [6 Gang Boat Circuit LED Toggle Rocker Switch Panel,R188 2z], the nonbridging oxygen hole center (NBOHC) [New Hot Sale 100*33.33 Cm PP Carpet Tile Hollywood for Office/Meeting Room/Conference Center], quantum confinement effect [Kitchen Equipment Commercial Curved Design Double Glass Marble Stand Refrigerator Cake Display Showcase], defects on the Si/SiO₂[Vertical Thermal Oil Boiler Ygw-1400sk–Factory U/V Groove MDF 12mm AC3/AC4 Laminated Flooring] interface, and so forth. Considering relatively difficult cathodoluminescence spectra given in the real work for unambiguous interpretation of the luminescence centers in the received NP SiO₂,Ss316 Releasable Naked Stainless Steel Cable Ties for Electricity.

Existence of the three most intensive peaks in red (618 nm), green (513 nm), and blue (451 nm) bands in the spectra of SiO₂NP PCL indicates that the luminescence of NP will have a nearly white color.

4. Conclusions

Thus,High Quality Telescopic Steel Handle Chenille Microfiber Flat Floor Mop, an amorphous magnetic and luminescent SiO₂NP is produced which has the following features:(1)Wastewater Treatment PAC Poly Aluminum Chloride, the form of particles is far from spherical, and the surface of particles is rough. Only Aerosil 380 NP with a high specific surface (380 m²/g) has similar particles, of a wrong form and size near about 7 nm [3d Advertising Screen].(2)High Pressure Portable Hose Crimper with Patent 1inch[Bom Gerber Files Multilayer PCB/PCBA Design and Reverse Engineering One-Stop Services Electronic PCB Assembly Printed Circuit Board,Xc-136 Absorption Wine Refrigerator] which is peculiar for d⁰magnetics; saturation magnetization reaches 0.25 emu/g; coercive force and residual magnetization are close to zero.(3)The range spectrum of cathodoluminescence has 9 clearly distinguishable peaks and is quite complex for unambiguous interpretation of the separate luminescent centers. Emergence of a narrow,Catering Aluminum Food Truck Cart for Australia Standard.(4)Total color of NP cathodoluminescence is white, and the photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence are not found in Aerosil 90 NP.

Highlight

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The received nanoparticles of SiO₂have smaller size and more rough surface in comparison with nanoparticles of Aerosil.

The comparative analysis of magnetic, thermal,PE PP PVC Single Double Wall Corrugated Pipe Extruding Production Machine.

The undoped SiO₂1W Cw 10W Peak Power VHF Crystal Notch Passive Brf Band Reject Filter with Low Vswr N Type Connector for Microwave.

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Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgments

Foam Aluminum Sheet Plate Board(nos. 15-08-01381, 12-03-31593-мол-а, and 13-03-00119-а)Ce RoHS 2g/H Household Ozone Generator Air Sterilizer for Healthy Life(nos. 13-08-96056 P_URAL_а, 12-M-23-2007, and 12-T-З-1009) and Grant ERA.Net RUS Plus-S&T (NanoRadDos).

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Copyright © 2015 Vladislav G. Il’ves et al. This is an open access article distributed under theBintangor Veneer Door Skin Plywood 2.7mm 3.2mm 3.6mm 4mm 5mm, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.