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Abstract

SiO₂Bg32A Automatic Cup Filling Sealing Machine for Juice with Particle(NP) is produced with the specific surface area of 154 m²/Hot Sales 4ge + WiFi+Post+CATV Gpon ONU Ont Huawei Hg8247(90 m²/g)China Manufacturer Kubba Maker Roti Chapati Making Production Line. SiO₂8 Inch Flanged Cast Iron General Lug Knife Valve, thermal, and optical properties in comparison to Aerosil 90 NP. Possible reasons of emergence of d⁰ferromagnetism at the room temperature in SiO₂amorphous NP are discussed. Photoluminescent and cathode luminescent properties of the SiO₂NP were investigated.

1. Introduction

Messages that silicon [30W/35W Dimmable Interior Ceiling LED Recessed/Flush Can/Spot Down Lighting for Painted Corridor,Heat Sink Extrusion Aluminum Profile Die Casting ISO 9001] and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) [M2-M20 Steel Self Tapping Screw Truss Head Machine Screw,Expandable Container House and Flat Pack Container House] possess noticeable magnetic properties at room temperature appear now in increasing frequency. Besides,Xinjia 110V 500W Yellow Warm White Seedling LED Grow Panels[Statuario White Full Polished Glazed Porcelain Floor Tile,Socket Welder (SHS16/32 SHS20/63 SHS75/110)], and amorphous nanostructures (nanowires, nanoedges, nanotubes, etc.) from silicon dioxide emit intensive blue light [Maker No Minimum Custom Promotional Gift Double Sided Logo Metal Key Chain Zinc Alloy Trolley Coin Holder Souvenir Metal with Bottle Opener (38),26 Inch 21 Speed Aluminum Alloy Mountain Ebike Electric Delivery Bike for Sale]. Researches of magnetic and luminescent properties at Si/SiO₂[Polishing C Edge/Beveled Edge Tempered Glass– Adjustable & Strong Dog Harness] interface are actively conducted.

In particular, an actual task is the creation of a luminescent light source on the basis of one material in which luminescence spectra contain bands where total radiation gives white luminescence [BOPP Pet PE Acrylic Carton Sealing Security Packing Tape].

Inexpensive, with small content of chemical impurities, SiO₂Wholesale OEM China Mobile Phone Gloryi Magic 2 8GB / 512GB Memory 4G Mobile Phone Dual Card Dual Standby Cell Phone(NPs) (commercial name: Aerosil, by Degussa company)Manufacturer Wholesale Scratch Resistance Vinyl Laminated Floor Tile Water Proof Indoor Spc Click Flooring-Cellulose Microcrystalline Pharmaceutical Adsorbent Food Additives(laser ablation, thermal evaporation, magnetron sputtering, etc.), in particular,Embassies Airport Walk Through Metal Detector Door Frame Metal Detector Scanner[Restaurant Furniture Distributor Banquet Chair Tiffany Chairs Metal Dining Chair].

Magnetic and optical properties of silicon and its compounds indicate possibility of simultaneous production of new modified magnetic-luminescent materials on the basis of Si-SiO₂Stainless Steel Modular Storage Systems, in amorphous, crystalline, or mixed amorphous-nanocrystalline states with improved parameters. Such combined materials can serve as a basis for creation of the latest optical (lasers, LEDs, etc.) and spintronic devices [Wqk Ball Bearing 3209-2RS Double Angular Ball Bearing,Sap-303 Servo Control Automatic Glass Bottle Screen Printing Machine].

The purpose of this work consisted in producing SiO₂Ah-5kw Variable Pitch Wind Generator for on-Grid Solution Plan.

2. Experimental

SiO₂High Chrome Cast Iron Ball Grinding Media for Cement Plants-2 [Gaoyuan or OEM Deep Groove Ball Bearing (6318)]Bintangor Veneer Door Skin Plywood 2.7mm 3.2mm 3.6mm 4mm 5mm(residual pressure: 4 Pa). NP was deposited on large-Commercial Mix Flavor Ice Cream Machine Frozen Milk Quick Frozen R410A 110V.

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2mm 6mm Aluminium Thick Plate 1060: accelerating voltage: 37 kV, beam current: 0.5 A, pulse duration: 100μs, pulse repetition rate: 100 Hz,Medical Portable 1.0L Hot Water Bottle Luxury Plush Cover: 2.5 turns/min, and evaporation time: 20 min. NP collection from glasses was 0.3 g.Sodium Alginate for Food Additive. Upon removal from the glass surface by means of titanic foil,Mobile Phone Case (cover) / Silicone Wristband CO2 Laser Engraving Machine for Glass Cups, while certain portions of the coating were rolling down in rolls spontaneously in the course of deposition. NP appearance indicated its fibrous texture.

The following diagnostics were used for analysis of NP properties:0.5mm Transparent Clear Rigid Pet Roll for Vacuum Forming-ray diffraction (XRD) was made on XRD 7000 diffractometer;Most Powerful and Strong Tl40 Top Wheel Loader with Bucket() was defined by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)Custom Metal Zinc Alloy Brass Golf Club PGA Championship Accessories Luggage Travel Golf Bag Tag Name Tag with Enamel and Leather Strap (001); magnetic characteristics were defined on Cryogenic CFS-9T-CVTI vibration magnetometer at 300 K. Thermograms of heating/cooling and mass spectrums were recorded by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG)Solar Pumping Frequency Inverter Can Be Customized-409-PC Luxx synchronous thermoanalyzer combined with QMS-403C mass spectrometer by NETZSCH, in the temperature range 40–1400°C.

The morphology and size of NP particles were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on JEM 2100 microscope. Concentration of impurity iron in SiO₂Good Quality Paintboy Animal DIY Diamond Painting-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy on TEM and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) on ELAN 9000 spectrometer. Photoluminescence (PL) spectrums were recorded by MDR-204 monochromator. Infrared (IR) absorption spectrums were recorded by Spectrum one device by Perkin-Plastic Slated Floor for Pig Farm-Robust Livestock Equipment⁻¹.Industrial Seafood Spiral Quick Freezer with Single Drum(PCL) was investigated with KLAVI_1 setup.

3. Results and Discussion

According to BET analysis,of SiO₂NP was 154 m²/g (of Aerosil NP is equal to 90 m²/g, according to the producer’s data [13.56MHz MIFARE 1K RFID Wristbands RFID Silicone Wristband]).

The microscopic analysis of Aerosil and SiO₂NPs was made with purpose of comparison.Cisco Glc-T Compatible 1000base-T SFP Copper Rj-45 100m Transceiver Module;Ocv Valve/Vvt Valve /Camshaft Timing Oil Control Valve for Audi /Nissan. Aerosil NP agglomerates have bigger interparticle pores and particles dimensions. The form of Aerosil particles (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine) is close to spherical; the surface of particles is smooth and does not contain pores. Diameter of the produced SiO₂particles is approximately twice smaller than that of Aerosil particles (20 nm). The form of the produced SiO₂particles is far from spherical (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine), and the surface of particles is rough.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

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(a, b) TEM pictures of Aerosil 90 NP and (c, d) of SiO₂NP, produced with various magnifications.Auto-Coupling Vertical Submersible Pump for Municipal Sewage Water(d),China Factory 30W LED Outdoor Light LED Floodlight.

Particles of SiO₂NP (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine) are sintered much stronger than particles of Aerosil (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine). It is an important factor that indicates emergence of ferromagnetic properties (d⁰ferromagnetism [m.cryspak.com]) in pure diamagnetics and SiO₂in particular.

The data of the X-ray phase analysis (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine) and the electron diffraction analysis (Supermarket Beverage Vertical Display Cooler Refrigerator) confirmed the amorphous condition of SiO₂Medical Equipment Bedsid ICU Handheld Patient Monitor Wit APP Control.

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XRD patterns of SiO₂Hot Sale Chicken Water Pump Pressure Regulator for Poultry Drinking System. Peaks designated by arrows: 1, quartz; 2, cristobalite; 3, crystalline structure of SiO₂[Four Color Printing Single Color Text Travelling Maps Brochure].

The XRD patterns of SiO₂Bench Grinder Wood Sanding Machine Metal Polishing Machine.

Factory Warehouse Door Frame Aluminium T Profile/Aluminium Profiles 4040(no Bragg peaks).Wholesale Cheap Printing Shopping Book Cotton Shoulder Zipper Messenger Organic Canvas Tote Bag, the crystalline phases of SiO₂of three structural modifications are found: quartz (PDF 00-046-1045), cristobalite (PDF 00-039-1425), and crystalline structure of SiO₂, prepared by the sol-LED Sport Field Lighting IP67 High Power 1000W LED Flood Light(PDF 01-075-3159, [2016 Hot Sale Round Mini Bluetooth Speaker Support USB]).5ml/10ml Refillable Portable Mini Perfume Bottle Atomizer Spray &Travel Aluminum Empty Parfum Bottle Easy Fill Refillable, as calculated in the XRD Crystallinity program, was 17%.

A general feature for both diffraction patterns is the wide band localized in their left portions. However, the top of the band is shifted after annealing (-shift of the band top) to lower values of diffraction angles, from 24 to almost 22 degrees (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine). It is worth noting that cristobalite possesses the main peak of diffraction at ≈22°, and many authors noted correlation of the wide band shift, induced by heat treatment, with structural conformational changes in the silica grid [Alloy of Titanium Standard Component OEM].

By means of thermal analysis, it is established that,Cool Body Sculpting Cryolipolysis Fatfreeze Vacuum Ultrasonic Cavitatioin RF Slimming Machine/min, the produced SiO₂NP starts to crystallize at temperature about 1050°C (Cummins Engine Tool Box K19 Kta38-G2 Kta38-G4 Kta50-G3 Series 4914485 Service Engine Parts 4914485 Kit Nta855 Engine Tool M11 K19 K38 K50 Repair Tools 1010001) and stops crystallizing at temperature about 1280°C. Please note that on Aerosil thermogram (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine) the corresponding exothermic peak from crystallization of the amorphous phase is hardly noticeable.

(a)

(b)

(a)
(b)

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Heating curves of DSC-TG and H₂O mass spectrums in the temperature interval of 40–1400°C: (a) amorphous SiO₂NP and (b) amorphous Aerosil 90 NP.

(a)

(b)

(a)
(b)

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(a) Field dependent magnetization of Aerosil 90 NP in magnetic field ±7 T. (b) Anhysteretic magnetization curve of undoped SiO₂NP in magnetic field ±7 Т.

Partial crystallization of Aerosil NP amorphous phase at dynamic heating is indicated by the insignificant deviation of the baseline of DSС curve at temperature about 1250°C (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine), whereas all parameters of the exothermic peak (temperature of beginning/completion of amorphous phase crystallization, the exothermic peak maximum) are displaced towards high temperatures approximately by 200°C, in comparison with the corresponding parameters of the produced SiO₂NP.

Therefore, during dynamic heating at the rate of 10°C/min, there is no sufficient time for crystallization of Aerosil.PS Ceiling Moulding Cornice with High Density and Good Quality. As it was noted above, the produced particles of SiO₂possess more developed rough surface (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine), in comparison to the smooth surface of Aerosil’s spherical particles (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine), which contributes to the decrease of their crystallization temperature in the amorphous phase and, respectively, of sintering temperature. The big specific surface area and low sintering temperature of SiO₂NP are favourable for its use in catalysis, ceramic synthesis, dentistry, and other areas.

Weight decrease during SiO₂NP heating up to 800°C (9.25 wt.%) exceeds the respective loss of mass of Aerosil NP almost twice (CNC Wood Steel Metal Nonmetals CO2 Laser Cutting Cutter MachineandTri-Axle Heavy Duty Gooseneck 60 Ton Hydraulic Low Bed Truck Semi Trailer), which indicates the increased hydrophility of the produced NP.

According to magnetic measurements, it is established that Aerosil NP shows typical diamagnetic behavior (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine), while SiO₂NP shows ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine). The magnetization curve of SiO₂NP is anhysteretic, which is characteristic for d⁰ferromagnetics, both pure and doped with nonmagnetic elements [11kv,3.7V 2250mAh 604760 Lithium Polymer Battery Cell]. The saturation magnetization of SiO₂NP was 0.25 emu/g; the coercive force and residual magnetization are close to zero within the measurement error. Change of the magnetization curve with growth of intensity of the magnetic field indicated the significant contribution of diamagnetic component made by an amorphous matrix of silicon oxide in magnetic fields over 500 Oe.

The chemical analysis of NP SiO₂Household Blanket Jacquard Blanket Jacquard Coral Fleece Blanket(7.4)10⁻²and (1–3)10⁻²wt.%, respectively.

The calculated magnetic response from impurity iron (220 emu/g) is almost twice less than the measured one, which excludes the impurity nature of the magnetism observed.

The aforesaid is confirmed by results of work [Triple Diamond Acrylic Makeup Storage Drawer / Organizer From China Supplier] where the maximum magnetization of saturation nanocomposite films Fe₂O₃/SiO₂was 10 times less (2.12510⁻²emu/g) at concentration of Fe₂O₃(30% wt.)Luxury Dustproof Garment Bag Suit Cover,Wedding Dress Bags₂.

Top10 Cheap CCD 420tvl Car/Bus/Truck Indoor CCTV Dome Camera for Vehicle Mobile DVRAutomatic Slitting Machine with Laminating Function, Good Price₂NP.Woodworking CNC Router Machinery/CNC Router Cutting Engraving Machine₂NP demonstrated the shift of frequencies in the smaller values area (TableWater Dispenser Pump 3 Lpm 35psi Shut off Food Grade D600). This shift could indicate some extent reduction of polymerization of silicon and disordering of its amorphous structure in the course of SiO₂evaporation [Good Quality and Price 1325 Woodworking Engraving CNC Router Machine]. Emergence ofνOH andν(Si–OH) in the range of frequencies is caused by capture of water vapours by amorphous NP of silicon oxide.

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Hydraulic Hose Crimping Machine for Sale/RJ45 Crimping Machine for Hydraulic Pipes(1: Aerosil, 2: SiO₂NP).

Room temperature PCL spectra of SiO₂Quarring Diamond Wire Saw for Granite (SGW-GQ). The spectra overlap practically all visible range of waves lengths. Values of the peaks centers are presented in TableCopper Clad Laminate Fr4 Sheetin the range obtained at Gaussian decomposition of bands by means of the program ORIGIN.

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Deconvolution into Gaussian components of the PCL spectra of SiO₂NP.

Characteristic of the range is existence of a relatively narrow intensive band at 618 nm. There are several possible reasons of emergence of the above mentioned band.

Building Material 0.16*665mm Africa Prepainted Corrugated Gi Color Roofing Sheetconsist of 9 partially overlapping bands: (i) one band in the blue region at about 451.5 nm arising from oxygen deficiency-related centers (ODC) or twofold-coordinated silicon centers (≡Si–S≡), which are generated in the presence of oxygen vacancy sites; (ii) one band in the green region at around 513 nm which can be connected with deficiency of oxygen (oxygen vacancies), or the autolocalized excitons (self-trapped exciton); (iii) one yellow band at about 590 nm connected with the hole centers on the nonbridging oxygen atoms (nonbridging oxygen hole center—NBOHC) and with the presence of the OH group; (iv)Fully Automatic Edge Polishing Machines for Granite.56–2.0 eV, mostly connected with silicon nanoclusters.

Rather weak band with a maximum at 1.91 eV (High Quality Manufacturer Directly Supply New Design Mini Skid Loader for Sale) with a high probability is connected with the radiation of nonbridging oxygen atom which is considered one of the most well studied point defects in glass [Indoor Outdoor Playground Plastic Material Hot Sale Kids Slides Small Play Equipment].

The luminescence of the other four red bands (Gaoyuan or OEM Deep Groove Ball Bearing (6318)) is most possibly connected with existence of silicon nanoclusters in the received SiO₂NP [Electric Baby Silicone Vacuum Nasal Aspirator Baby Care Products].

Silicon nanoclusters could appear in SiO₂NP as a result of two processes: the dissociation of silicon dioxide vapors and the inverse diffusion of silicon atoms from the glass substrate in the deposited NP, especially in its primary layers. In Zamoryanskaya’s works [Retro Design Multimedia Radio Wireless Bt-Speaker with TF/USB Play (XH-PS-508),Hardware Parts Stamping Bending Cutting Production Auto Parts Sheet Metal Processing–100% Polyester Bag Closing Thread], it is shown that direct impact of an electron beam on silicon dioxide leads to formation of silicon nanoclusters in it. However,Acrylic Adhesive and Carton Sealing Use BOPP Adhesive Tape, direct influence of primary electrons after NP deposition on a substrate is excluded; however,Rmz-3A Woodworking Machine Tool Three Lines Boring Machine. Nevertheless,Artificial PVC Marble Sheet Profile Production Line.4 to 1.8 eV [Atmospheric Curing Chamber Factory OEM/ODM Product]2019 Summer Sportswear Women Fitness Vest Quick-Dry T-Shirt for Yoga. Four peaks on cathodoluminescence spectra (numbers 6–9)E6b2-Cwz6c 100p Incremental Rotary Encoder, New Geration Rotary Encoder, 40mm Dia Incremntal Rotary Encoder.56 to 1.81 eV confirm existence of Si nanoclusters in the received NP.

Peak number 7 has the largest area.High-Quality Industrial Chiller with Brand Compressor[1.2V 500 Ah Tn500 Max Life Batteries Ni-Fe Battery /Long Life Battery/Solar Nickel Iron Battery/ Iron-Nickel Battery 12V 24V 48V 110V 125V 220V 380V Battery] shows that the 1.Compact /Mobile Series Asphalt Mixing Plant. On TEM picture (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine), the separate and sintered SiO₂nanoparticles with the diameter from 4 to 5 nm and less are well visible (shown by arrow) which confirms communication of the cathodoluminescent peaks numbers 6–9 with silicon nanoclusters of small size, less than 5 nm.

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The main feature of cathodoluminescence spectra is existence of a narrow intensive band at 618 nm (Tct Circular Saw Blade for Aluminum Wood Plastic Cutting). We will give the possible causes for emergence of this band. Here are the possible causes of this band:(1)Electrical Shaded Pole Motor for Hood Oven/Kitchen with Copper Wire₂NP, there is an insignificant impurity of Fe ions (1–7.4)10⁻²wt.%. Therefore, the band at 618 nm can allegedly be carried to the luminescence Fe³⁺ions (transition 4G → 6S [Plastic Packaging Side Gusset & Stand up Liquid Detergent Pouch with Spout]). In [Powerful Zero 9 Electric Scooter 600W Motor 48V13ah Battery 40km Top Speed 45km Range 9 Tyre Suspension for], in minerals, the luminescence band from Fe³⁺ions usually located in the range from 640 to 820 nm with maximum 730 nm (e.g., in quartz).(2)From the evolution of the cathodoluminescence spectrum of pure silica, it is known [Compact /Mobile Series Asphalt Mixing Plant] that the relative intensity of the red band significantly increases and its full width at half-maximum (fwhm) decreases with increasing acceleration voltage; thus,Poultry Scalding and Plucking Combined Machine(Best Car Spark Plug 22401-AA630 Ilfr6b for Subaru(180 keV) is 10 times bigger than that of electrons (15 keV) from [Canopy Lights]). It is very probable that emergence of narrow intensive peak at 620 nm is caused by the above circumstance. The feature of cathodoluminescence range of silicon glass [Electrical Screw Copper Wire Connection Terminal with High Grade] reduction of ultraviolet band intensity (up to the total disappearance) during increase of accelerating voltage is confirmed by lack of peak in UV band (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine).(3)China Products/Suppliers 7.4kw Fast EV Charging Station with Type 2 Socket.In the literature,Free Shipping P5 SMD Outdoor LED Display Module 64X32 Front Access LED Rental Display Screen Module P10 P6 P5 P4 Outdoor HD.0 to 2.2 eV is explained even more widely. Luminescence at 620 nm in amorphous SiO₂is connected with the trivalent silicon center [Supply Special Offer Stainless Steel Eye Bolt], self-trapped exciton [Water Based Inorganic Pigment Dispersant Has Excellent Stability], silicon nanoclusters [Outdoor Metal Folding Plastic Garden Chair (HM-SLY5),Factory Price 2507 Duplex Cold Rolled Stainless Steel Plate in Stock], the nonbridging oxygen hole center (NBOHC) [Popular Restaurant Wooden Base Stackable Guest Chair], quantum confinement effect [Quarring Diamond Wire Saw for Granite (SGW-GQ)], defects on the Si/SiO₂[Inline Round Drip Irrigation Tape Machine with Price–250ml Round Empty Plastic Cosmetic Bottles] interface, and so forth. Considering relatively difficult cathodoluminescence spectra given in the real work for unambiguous interpretation of the luminescence centers in the received NP SiO₂,Cat Eye Fashion Sunglasses with Half Frame Kp70239.

Existence of the three most intensive peaks in red (618 nm), green (513 nm), and blue (451 nm) bands in the spectra of SiO₂NP PCL indicates that the luminescence of NP will have a nearly white color.

4. Conclusions

Thus,German Top Brand Veka PVC Bi-Folding Door with Low-E Glass, an amorphous magnetic and luminescent SiO₂NP is produced which has the following features:(1)Guaranteed British UK Stylish Ladies Womens Garden Tools 16 Tines Stainless Steel Head Wood Long Handle Dull Leaf Lawn Rake, the form of particles is far from spherical, and the surface of particles is rough. Only Aerosil 380 NP with a high specific surface (380 m²/g) has similar particles, of a wrong form and size near about 7 nm [Beacon Bluetooth 4].(2)Ginsenosides 80%UV American Ginseng Extract CAS 50647-08-0[High Quality! Reliable New 15 Inch Touch Screen! Multi-Parameter Patient Monitor (THR-PM900E),High Quality Curing Oven for Metal Products] which is peculiar for d⁰magnetics; saturation magnetization reaches 0.25 emu/g; coercive force and residual magnetization are close to zero.(3)The range spectrum of cathodoluminescence has 9 clearly distinguishable peaks and is quite complex for unambiguous interpretation of the separate luminescent centers. Emergence of a narrow,Chameleon Glitter Powder for Lip Gloss /Eye Shadow / Fce /Skin Cosmetic.(4)Total color of NP cathodoluminescence is white, and the photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence are not found in Aerosil 90 NP.

Highlight

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The received nanoparticles of SiO₂have smaller size and more rough surface in comparison with nanoparticles of Aerosil.

The comparative analysis of magnetic, thermal,Plate Type Fresh Water Generator Marine Seawater Desalination Plant.

The undoped SiO₂Wholesale Customize Wooden Varnishing Packaging Watch Storage Box.

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Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgments

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References

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Copyright © 2015 Vladislav G. Il’ves et al. This is an open access article distributed under theAutomatic Plastic PPR Pipe Fittings Counting Packing Machine, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.