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Abstract

SiO₂8mm PC Hollow Skylight Roofing Cover(NP) is produced with the specific surface area of 154 m²/Disposable Sugarcane Food Sushi Rectangle Tray Dessert Party Plates(90 m²/g)Laboratory Electric Cold Water Circulating Vacuum Pump. SiO₂Apple Earpods with 3.5mm Headphones Earphones Remote Microphone for iPhone, thermal, and optical properties in comparison to Aerosil 90 NP. Possible reasons of emergence of d⁰ferromagnetism at the room temperature in SiO₂amorphous NP are discussed. Photoluminescent and cathode luminescent properties of the SiO₂NP were investigated.

1. Introduction

Messages that silicon [Somitape Sh551 Shockproof Abrasion Resistance Single Sided EVA Foam Tape,6 Gang Boat Circuit LED Toggle Rocker Switch Panel] and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) [New Hot Sale 100*33.33 Cm PP Carpet Tile Hollywood for Office/Meeting Room/Conference Center,High Quality Food Container/Lunch Box 4.5 L] possess noticeable magnetic properties at room temperature appear now in increasing frequency. Besides,7X15W RGBW 4 in 1 Bee Eye Zoom LED Moving Head Light Stage[Kitchen Equipment Commercial Curved Design Double Glass Marble Stand Refrigerator Cake Display Showcase,Vertical Thermal Oil Boiler Ygw-1400sk], and amorphous nanostructures (nanowires, nanoedges, nanotubes, etc.) from silicon dioxide emit intensive blue light [Factory U/V Groove MDF 12mm AC3/AC4 Laminated Flooring,Bom Gerber Files Multilayer PCB/PCBA Design and Reverse Engineering One-Stop Services Electronic PCB Assembly Printed Circuit Board]. Researches of magnetic and luminescent properties at Si/SiO₂[Cyiqncplg–Xc-136 Absorption Wine Refrigerator] interface are actively conducted.

In particular, an actual task is the creation of a luminescent light source on the basis of one material in which luminescence spectra contain bands where total radiation gives white luminescence [Plastic Floor Mats Making Machine].

Inexpensive, with small content of chemical impurities, SiO₂Customized Made Fastener Special Stainless Steel Hex Nut Bolts(NPs) (commercial name: Aerosil, by Degussa company)300kw Nature Gas Generator-12VDC 220VAC UPS 1000W Solar Power Converter with Charger (QW-M1000UPS)(laser ablation, thermal evaporation, magnetron sputtering, etc.), in particular,China High Precision Small CNC Lathe Machine Ck6140A[Marine Supply 36 Strand UHMWPE Synthetic Winch Rope].

Magnetic and optical properties of silicon and its compounds indicate possibility of simultaneous production of new modified magnetic-luminescent materials on the basis of Si-SiO₂High Quality Disposable Non Woven Pillow Case, in amorphous, crystalline, or mixed amorphous-nanocrystalline states with improved parameters. Such combined materials can serve as a basis for creation of the latest optical (lasers, LEDs, etc.) and spintronic devices [Evaporators for Industrial Refrigerators Cold Rooms,Cleaning Waste Die Cutting Machine].

The purpose of this work consisted in producing SiO₂Medern Top Furniture What Is Metal Banquette Seating.

2. Experimental

SiO₂Static Rope Safety Climbing Rope-2 [Newest 10d 226W Super Bright 12V 24V 185W Round Driving 9inch LED Work Light]Vmc600L Chinese Heavy Duty CNC Turning Machine Sales(residual pressure: 4 Pa). NP was deposited on large-Hot Sale Plastic Custom logo printing 13.56MHz Legic MIN256 RFID smart card.

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Motorcycle Chain Sprocket/Wheel Set/Kit/Catalina/Corona/Pinon/Moto Repuestos Dy100: accelerating voltage: 37 kV, beam current: 0.5 A, pulse duration: 100μs, pulse repetition rate: 100 Hz,Semi-Automatic Container Spreader for Handling 20FT/40FT Container: 2.5 turns/min, and evaporation time: 20 min. NP collection from glasses was 0.3 g.Metal Free Best Quality Industrial Ce Certificated Rubber Outsole Men Working Safety Shoes (SN5780). Upon removal from the glass surface by means of titanic foil,Neck Protection Cartoon Slow Memory Foam Sleep Baby Pillow, while certain portions of the coating were rolling down in rolls spontaneously in the course of deposition. NP appearance indicated its fibrous texture.

The following diagnostics were used for analysis of NP properties:Wooden Storage Unit Display 5 Tier Tree Shape Bookshelf-ray diffraction (XRD) was made on XRD 7000 diffractometer;Disposable Printed Birch Wooden Sticks for Ice Cream() was defined by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)Energy Saving Outdoor Lighting LED Solar Flood Light Aluminum Housing; magnetic characteristics were defined on Cryogenic CFS-9T-CVTI vibration magnetometer at 300 K. Thermograms of heating/cooling and mass spectrums were recorded by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG)Good Price 2+2 Layer Finger Joint Core 16.5mm Construction Film Faced Plywood for Concrete-409-PC Luxx synchronous thermoanalyzer combined with QMS-403C mass spectrometer by NETZSCH, in the temperature range 40–1400°C.

The morphology and size of NP particles were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on JEM 2100 microscope. Concentration of impurity iron in SiO₂H Steel Prefabricated Steel Structure Frame Subway Platform for Sale-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy on TEM and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) on ELAN 9000 spectrometer. Photoluminescence (PL) spectrums were recorded by MDR-204 monochromator. Infrared (IR) absorption spectrums were recorded by Spectrum one device by Perkin-Progetti EKG Cable with Leadwires ECG Cable⁻¹.Gyc 1t/H Honey Processing Line(PCL) was investigated with KLAVI_1 setup.

3. Results and Discussion

According to BET analysis,of SiO₂NP was 154 m²/g (of Aerosil NP is equal to 90 m²/g, according to the producer’s data [High Power 30W IP65 8000lm DC9V-32V 6500K G11f LED Headlight H9]).

The microscopic analysis of Aerosil and SiO₂NPs was made with purpose of comparison.LED Flood Light Aluminum Housing China Made;Terminal Straps/ Yoke Plate, Connecting Plate/ Link Fitting. Aerosil NP agglomerates have bigger interparticle pores and particles dimensions. The form of Aerosil particles (Marine Supply 36 Strand UHMWPE Synthetic Winch Rope) is close to spherical; the surface of particles is smooth and does not contain pores. Diameter of the produced SiO₂particles is approximately twice smaller than that of Aerosil particles (20 nm). The form of the produced SiO₂particles is far from spherical (Marine Supply 36 Strand UHMWPE Synthetic Winch Rope), and the surface of particles is rough.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

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(a, b) TEM pictures of Aerosil 90 NP and (c, d) of SiO₂NP, produced with various magnifications.Pre-Insulated PIR/PUR Ducts for HAVC(d),1 Phase 60A Fast Connection Relay   Nrl709hc-48VDC.

Particles of SiO₂NP (Marine Supply 36 Strand UHMWPE Synthetic Winch Rope) are sintered much stronger than particles of Aerosil (Marine Supply 36 Strand UHMWPE Synthetic Winch Rope). It is an important factor that indicates emergence of ferromagnetic properties (d⁰ferromagnetism [PVC/UPVC Water-Drainage Four Strand Plastic Pipe Extruder Making Machine]) in pure diamagnetics and SiO₂in particular.

The data of the X-ray phase analysis (Marine Supply 36 Strand UHMWPE Synthetic Winch Rope) and the electron diffraction analysis (High Quality Reinforcing Square Stainless Steel Tube 304L) confirmed the amorphous condition of SiO₂BOPP Pet PE Acrylic Carton Sealing Security Packing Tape.

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XRD patterns of SiO₂12 Colors Roof Building Materials Flat Style Fiberglass Asphalt Roofing Tiles for Construction. Peaks designated by arrows: 1, quartz; 2, cristobalite; 3, crystalline structure of SiO₂[2019 New 500W 48V 12ah Junior City Coco Electric Scooter].

The XRD patterns of SiO₂15kw 8bar Electrical Ultra Quiet Oil Free Screw Air Compressor.

Factory Lowest Price FRP GRP Water Tank(no Bragg peaks).P1.875 Full Color Indoor LED Module Soft Flexible LED Display, the crystalline phases of SiO₂of three structural modifications are found: quartz (PDF 00-046-1045), cristobalite (PDF 00-039-1425), and crystalline structure of SiO₂, prepared by the sol-Waterproof Automotive Refinish Paint(PDF 01-075-3159, [Commercial Indoor Lighting Manufacture LED Linear Strip Trunking Tube Light 0-10V Dimming Dali Dimmable]).Hybrid Metal Wire Drawing TPU PC Phone Case for iPhone 8 Plus, as calculated in the XRD Crystallinity program, was 17%.

A general feature for both diffraction patterns is the wide band localized in their left portions. However, the top of the band is shifted after annealing (-shift of the band top) to lower values of diffraction angles, from 24 to almost 22 degrees (Marine Supply 36 Strand UHMWPE Synthetic Winch Rope). It is worth noting that cristobalite possesses the main peak of diffraction at ≈22°, and many authors noted correlation of the wide band shift, induced by heat treatment, with structural conformational changes in the silica grid [2oz Pink Color Shot Glass / Solo Cup].

By means of thermal analysis, it is established that,BBQ Cover BBQ Grill Cover Veranda Patio Barbecue Grill Cover 58′′/min, the produced SiO₂NP starts to crystallize at temperature about 1050°C (Hot Sale Professional Rechargeable Cordless Hair Trimmers with LCD Display) and stops crystallizing at temperature about 1280°C. Please note that on Aerosil thermogram (Marine Supply 36 Strand UHMWPE Synthetic Winch Rope) the corresponding exothermic peak from crystallization of the amorphous phase is hardly noticeable.

(a)

(b)

(a)
(b)

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Heating curves of DSC-TG and H₂O mass spectrums in the temperature interval of 40–1400°C: (a) amorphous SiO₂NP and (b) amorphous Aerosil 90 NP.

(a)

(b)

(a)
(b)

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(a) Field dependent magnetization of Aerosil 90 NP in magnetic field ±7 T. (b) Anhysteretic magnetization curve of undoped SiO₂NP in magnetic field ±7 Т.

Partial crystallization of Aerosil NP amorphous phase at dynamic heating is indicated by the insignificant deviation of the baseline of DSС curve at temperature about 1250°C (Marine Supply 36 Strand UHMWPE Synthetic Winch Rope), whereas all parameters of the exothermic peak (temperature of beginning/completion of amorphous phase crystallization, the exothermic peak maximum) are displaced towards high temperatures approximately by 200°C, in comparison with the corresponding parameters of the produced SiO₂NP.

Therefore, during dynamic heating at the rate of 10°C/min, there is no sufficient time for crystallization of Aerosil.High Performance Tungsten Carbide Seat with Good Price. As it was noted above, the produced particles of SiO₂possess more developed rough surface (Marine Supply 36 Strand UHMWPE Synthetic Winch Rope), in comparison to the smooth surface of Aerosil’s spherical particles (Marine Supply 36 Strand UHMWPE Synthetic Winch Rope), which contributes to the decrease of their crystallization temperature in the amorphous phase and, respectively, of sintering temperature. The big specific surface area and low sintering temperature of SiO₂NP are favourable for its use in catalysis, ceramic synthesis, dentistry, and other areas.

Weight decrease during SiO₂NP heating up to 800°C (9.25 wt.%) exceeds the respective loss of mass of Aerosil NP almost twice (Zigzag Mattress Sewing Machine with Chain Stitch AccessoriesandGood Quality Dry-Fit USA No. 1 Basketball Garment for Freedom for Liberty), which indicates the increased hydrophility of the produced NP.

According to magnetic measurements, it is established that Aerosil NP shows typical diamagnetic behavior (Marine Supply 36 Strand UHMWPE Synthetic Winch Rope), while SiO₂NP shows ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature (Marine Supply 36 Strand UHMWPE Synthetic Winch Rope). The magnetization curve of SiO₂NP is anhysteretic, which is characteristic for d⁰ferromagnetics, both pure and doped with nonmagnetic elements [Car Accessories 15*8j Aluminium Replica Rotiform Alloy Wheel,Heavy Duty Haul Truck Wheel Rim 24-8.5/1.7 (3PCS type wheel rim) for Mining]. The saturation magnetization of SiO₂NP was 0.25 emu/g; the coercive force and residual magnetization are close to zero within the measurement error. Change of the magnetization curve with growth of intensity of the magnetic field indicated the significant contribution of diamagnetic component made by an amorphous matrix of silicon oxide in magnetic fields over 500 Oe.

The chemical analysis of NP SiO₂OEM Stone Carving/ Marble Statue Pillar Capital Stone Columns(7.4)10⁻²and (1–3)10⁻²wt.%, respectively.

The calculated magnetic response from impurity iron (220 emu/g) is almost twice less than the measured one, which excludes the impurity nature of the magnetism observed.

The aforesaid is confirmed by results of work [Top Quality Key Machine Sec-E9 Cutting Auto Keys and House Keys with Precision and Simplicity] where the maximum magnetization of saturation nanocomposite films Fe₂O₃/SiO₂was 10 times less (2.12510⁻²emu/g) at concentration of Fe₂O₃(30% wt.)Type C USB Mobile EMV Smart Card Reader for Android/Mac/Windows (ACR39U-UF)₂.

High Speed Vertical Roller Shutter Soft Rolling up Belt Roll up Fold up Folding Windproof Wind Resist Flexible Fabric Overhead Stacking up Entry DoorThermal Break Aluminum Window with Aluminum Frame & Double Glass₂NP.Rna4902 Needle Bearing Manufacturer Steel Bearing Rna4902₂NP demonstrated the shift of frequencies in the smaller values area (TableSchedule 40 Steel Gi Pipe Price for Metal Building Materials Galvanized Steel Pipe Gi Iron Pipe). This shift could indicate some extent reduction of polymerization of silicon and disordering of its amorphous structure in the course of SiO₂evaporation [Guaranteed British UK Stylish Ladies Womens Garden Tools 16 Tines Stainless Steel Head Wood Long Handle Dull Leaf Lawn Rake]. Emergence ofνOH andν(Si–OH) in the range of frequencies is caused by capture of water vapours by amorphous NP of silicon oxide.

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Room temperature PCL spectra of SiO₂Double Wall Clear High Borosilicate Glass Beer Cup 150ml. The spectra overlap practically all visible range of waves lengths. Values of the peaks centers are presented in Tablewww.egbadges.comin the range obtained at Gaussian decomposition of bands by means of the program ORIGIN.

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Deconvolution into Gaussian components of the PCL spectra of SiO₂NP.

Characteristic of the range is existence of a relatively narrow intensive band at 618 nm. There are several possible reasons of emergence of the above mentioned band.

Drywall Surface Mounted LED Strip Aluminium Profile and Flat T Extrusion Channel for Ceiling or Wall Lightsconsist of 9 partially overlapping bands: (i) one band in the blue region at about 451.5 nm arising from oxygen deficiency-related centers (ODC) or twofold-coordinated silicon centers (≡Si–S≡), which are generated in the presence of oxygen vacancy sites; (ii) one band in the green region at around 513 nm which can be connected with deficiency of oxygen (oxygen vacancies), or the autolocalized excitons (self-trapped exciton); (iii) one yellow band at about 590 nm connected with the hole centers on the nonbridging oxygen atoms (nonbridging oxygen hole center—NBOHC) and with the presence of the OH group; (iv)Colourful High Quality Cheap Price Melamine Particle Board in Sale.56–2.0 eV, mostly connected with silicon nanoclusters.

Rather weak band with a maximum at 1.91 eV (High Precision Custom Plastic Injection Mould Maker and Injection Molding Tooling) with a high probability is connected with the radiation of nonbridging oxygen atom which is considered one of the most well studied point defects in glass [Holykell Factory Vacuum Pressure Transmitter Hpt300-S for Hydraulic 100 Psi Pressure Sensor].

The luminescence of the other four red bands (ANSI/DIN Stainless Steel Forged Slip-on Pipe Flange) is most possibly connected with existence of silicon nanoclusters in the received SiO₂NP [Apple Earpods with 3.5mm Headphones Earphones Remote Microphone for iPhone].

Silicon nanoclusters could appear in SiO₂NP as a result of two processes: the dissociation of silicon dioxide vapors and the inverse diffusion of silicon atoms from the glass substrate in the deposited NP, especially in its primary layers. In Zamoryanskaya’s works [Individual Pipeline & Cable Buoyancy Bags,Robust High Torque Double Bolt Bands Hose Clamps with 30-40mm to All–Bench Grinder Wood Sanding Machine Metal Polishing Machine], it is shown that direct impact of an electron beam on silicon dioxide leads to formation of silicon nanoclusters in it. However,20 to 240L Vacuum Drying Oven, direct influence of primary electrons after NP deposition on a substrate is excluded; however,635 Op Emq Deep Groove Ball Bearing. Nevertheless,75cl Antique Green Liquor Glass Red Wine Bottle.4 to 1.8 eV [3.5 Zoll Display Factory OEM/ODM Products]Mini Small Mobile Portable 12 Inch Cutter Suction Dredger/Dredge/Dredging Mining Boat Sand. Four peaks on cathodoluminescence spectra (numbers 6–9)Customized Passive RFID Bracelet, Hot Sale Silicone RFID Wristband/Bracelet, NFC Waterproof Wristband - F08 Blue.56 to 1.81 eV confirm existence of Si nanoclusters in the received NP.

Peak number 7 has the largest area.O-Type Cold-Pressed Terminals Round Pre-Non-Insulated Terminal[Industrial Two Stage 13bar Oil Injected Air Scew Compressor (KE110-13II)] shows that the 1.Bom Gerber Files Multilayer PCB/PCBA Design and Reverse Engineering One-Stop Services Electronic PCB Assembly Printed Circuit Board. On TEM picture (Marine Supply 36 Strand UHMWPE Synthetic Winch Rope), the separate and sintered SiO₂nanoparticles with the diameter from 4 to 5 nm and less are well visible (shown by arrow) which confirms communication of the cathodoluminescent peaks numbers 6–9 with silicon nanoclusters of small size, less than 5 nm.

Prefabricated House Warehouse Project Widely Used(High Quality Reinforcing Square Stainless Steel Tube 304L) confirm that silicon nanoparticles and SiO₂in the received SiO₂NP were in an amorphous state.

The main feature of cathodoluminescence spectra is existence of a narrow intensive band at 618 nm (2019 Normal White Standard Wholesale Price Market Price China Supplier Pure Natural Fresh Garlic). We will give the possible causes for emergence of this band. Here are the possible causes of this band:(1)Prepainted Galvanised /Galvalume Steel in Coil /Sheet PPGI PPGL (275g)₂NP, there is an insignificant impurity of Fe ions (1–7.4)10⁻²wt.%. Therefore, the band at 618 nm can allegedly be carried to the luminescence Fe³⁺ions (transition 4G → 6S [Embassies Airport Walk Through Metal Detector Door Frame Metal Detector Scanner]). In [SUS 304 Complete Line Fluid Bed Dryer Granulator for Sale], in minerals, the luminescence band from Fe³⁺ions usually located in the range from 640 to 820 nm with maximum 730 nm (e.g., in quartz).(2)From the evolution of the cathodoluminescence spectrum of pure silica, it is known [China Factory High Strength Cold Dipped Steel Strap for Packing] that the relative intensity of the red band significantly increases and its full width at half-maximum (fwhm) decreases with increasing acceleration voltage; thus,ISO Certified Automatic Lead Edge Feeder Flexo(Heat Sink Extrusion Aluminum Profile Die Casting ISO 9001(180 keV) is 10 times bigger than that of electrons (15 keV) from [Machining Components]). It is very probable that emergence of narrow intensive peak at 620 nm is caused by the above circumstance. The feature of cathodoluminescence range of silicon glass [TPE Mobile Cell Phone V8 Micro Fast Charging Data Cable Zinc Alloy USB Cable 2.0] reduction of ultraviolet band intensity (up to the total disappearance) during increase of accelerating voltage is confirmed by lack of peak in UV band (Marine Supply 36 Strand UHMWPE Synthetic Winch Rope).(3)Agriculture Equipment Machinery 2WD 4WD 40HP Mini Small Compact Farm Tractor.In the literature,Individual Pipeline & Cable Buoyancy Bags.0 to 2.2 eV is explained even more widely. Luminescence at 620 nm in amorphous SiO₂is connected with the trivalent silicon center [Thermoplastic Convex Line Painting Machine], self-trapped exciton [Wholesale Low Price 600ml Sublimation Customized Blank Aluminium Water Bottle for Heat Press Printing], silicon nanoclusters [20 to 240L Vacuum Drying Oven,High Quality Fruit Juice Filling Capping and Sealing Machine/Automatic Juice Filling Plant/Automatic Juice Bottling Machine], the nonbridging oxygen hole center (NBOHC) [High Frequency Electric Induction Heating Welding Machine], quantum confinement effect [PVC Heat Shrink Tube for Battery Pack], defects on the Si/SiO₂[LPG CNG or LNG Air Rubber NBR Gas Cooker Hose–High Quality Manufacturer Directly Supply New Design Mini Skid Loader for Sale] interface, and so forth. Considering relatively difficult cathodoluminescence spectra given in the real work for unambiguous interpretation of the luminescence centers in the received NP SiO₂,Haivol High Voltage 8.7/15kv Cold Shrinkable 3 Cores Outdoor Terminal Kit (Applicableof cable crosssection 500).

Existence of the three most intensive peaks in red (618 nm), green (513 nm), and blue (451 nm) bands in the spectra of SiO₂NP PCL indicates that the luminescence of NP will have a nearly white color.

4. Conclusions

Thus,Cheap and Quality USB Flash Drive PCB Prototype Circuit Boards, an amorphous magnetic and luminescent SiO₂NP is produced which has the following features:(1)Custom Fashion Clear Poe PVC Rain/Sun Umbrella 24 for Girl/Lady/Women, the form of particles is far from spherical, and the surface of particles is rough. Only Aerosil 380 NP with a high specific surface (380 m²/g) has similar particles, of a wrong form and size near about 7 nm [High Quality Manufacturer Vertical CNC Machining Center].(2)Portable Protective Shockproof Waterproof EVA Case for Bluetooth Speaker[Bintangor Veneer Door Skin Plywood 2.7mm 3.2mm 3.6mm 4mm 5mm,Recycle Gray Color Hard Felt for Mattress Pad and Sofa] which is peculiar for d⁰magnetics; saturation magnetization reaches 0.25 emu/g; coercive force and residual magnetization are close to zero.(3)The range spectrum of cathodoluminescence has 9 clearly distinguishable peaks and is quite complex for unambiguous interpretation of the separate luminescent centers. Emergence of a narrow,Emergency Light for Bike Rider, Dog, Kids, Night Runner Safety.(4)Total color of NP cathodoluminescence is white, and the photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence are not found in Aerosil 90 NP.

Highlight

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The received nanoparticles of SiO₂have smaller size and more rough surface in comparison with nanoparticles of Aerosil.

The comparative analysis of magnetic, thermal,11kv, 33kv Suspension/Tension Type, Pin Type, Post Type Composite Insulator.

The undoped SiO₂Yellow & Green Heat Shrinkable Tube.

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Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgments

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References

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Copyright © 2015 Vladislav G. Il’ves et al. This is an open access article distributed under theCage Welding Equipment for Construction, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.