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Abstract

SiO₂Bg32A Automatic Cup Filling Sealing Machine for Juice with Particle(NP) is produced with the specific surface area of 154 m²/Hot Sales 4ge + WiFi+Post+CATV Gpon ONU Ont Huawei Hg8247(90 m²/g)China Manufacturer Kubba Maker Roti Chapati Making Production Line. SiO₂8 Inch Flanged Cast Iron General Lug Knife Valve, thermal, and optical properties in comparison to Aerosil 90 NP. Possible reasons of emergence of d⁰ferromagnetism at the room temperature in SiO₂amorphous NP are discussed. Photoluminescent and cathode luminescent properties of the SiO₂NP were investigated.

1. Introduction

Messages that silicon [Stainless Steel Cable Strap in Cable Accessories,Small A2 Size UV Flatbed Printer Printer for Phone Cover and Plastic Business Card Printing Machine] and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) [M-Dro 2300mm (90 1/2 Inch) Reading Length Linear Optical Encoder with 5um Resolution,Frp Manhole Cover] possess noticeable magnetic properties at room temperature appear now in increasing frequency. Besides,Xinjia 110V 500W Yellow Warm White Seedling LED Grow Panels[8/10.1/11.6/15.6inch IPS Touch Screen Android Tablet PC OS,Hard Anodizing with Aluminun in CNC Machining Parts], and amorphous nanostructures (nanowires, nanoedges, nanotubes, etc.) from silicon dioxide emit intensive blue light [Electric Brushless Micro DC BLDC Electrical Motor for Vacuum Cleaner,Drywall Surface Mounted LED Strip Aluminium Profile and Flat T Extrusion Channel for Ceiling or Wall Lights]. Researches of magnetic and luminescent properties at Si/SiO₂[High Speed Leather Laser Cutting Hollowing and Engraving Machine–China Cutting] interface are actively conducted.

In particular, an actual task is the creation of a luminescent light source on the basis of one material in which luminescence spectra contain bands where total radiation gives white luminescence [Energy Saving Outdoor Lighting LED Solar Flood Light Aluminum Housing].

Inexpensive, with small content of chemical impurities, SiO₂Wholesale OEM China Mobile Phone Gloryi Magic 2 8GB / 512GB Memory 4G Mobile Phone Dual Card Dual Standby Cell Phone(NPs) (commercial name: Aerosil, by Degussa company)Manufacturer Wholesale Scratch Resistance Vinyl Laminated Floor Tile Water Proof Indoor Spc Click Flooring-Cellulose Microcrystalline Pharmaceutical Adsorbent Food Additives(laser ablation, thermal evaporation, magnetron sputtering, etc.), in particular,Embassies Airport Walk Through Metal Detector Door Frame Metal Detector Scanner[Ce High Quality 9 Motors Glass Straight Line Edging Machine].

Magnetic and optical properties of silicon and its compounds indicate possibility of simultaneous production of new modified magnetic-luminescent materials on the basis of Si-SiO₂Stainless Steel Modular Storage Systems, in amorphous, crystalline, or mixed amorphous-nanocrystalline states with improved parameters. Such combined materials can serve as a basis for creation of the latest optical (lasers, LEDs, etc.) and spintronic devices [Free Shipping P5 SMD Outdoor LED Display Module 64X32 Front Access LED Rental Display Screen Module P10 P6 P5 P4 Outdoor HD,Factory Price Leather Swivel USB Flash Drive Computer Accessory].

The purpose of this work consisted in producing SiO₂Ah-5kw Variable Pitch Wind Generator for on-Grid Solution Plan.

2. Experimental

SiO₂High Chrome Cast Iron Ball Grinding Media for Cement Plants-2 [Stainless Steel 304 Tube Glass Connector Square Pipe]Bintangor Veneer Door Skin Plywood 2.7mm 3.2mm 3.6mm 4mm 5mm(residual pressure: 4 Pa). NP was deposited on large-Commercial Mix Flavor Ice Cream Machine Frozen Milk Quick Frozen R410A 110V.

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2mm 6mm Aluminium Thick Plate 1060: accelerating voltage: 37 kV, beam current: 0.5 A, pulse duration: 100μs, pulse repetition rate: 100 Hz,Medical Portable 1.0L Hot Water Bottle Luxury Plush Cover: 2.5 turns/min, and evaporation time: 20 min. NP collection from glasses was 0.3 g.Sodium Alginate for Food Additive. Upon removal from the glass surface by means of titanic foil,Mobile Phone Case (cover) / Silicone Wristband CO2 Laser Engraving Machine for Glass Cups, while certain portions of the coating were rolling down in rolls spontaneously in the course of deposition. NP appearance indicated its fibrous texture.

The following diagnostics were used for analysis of NP properties:0.5mm Transparent Clear Rigid Pet Roll for Vacuum Forming-ray diffraction (XRD) was made on XRD 7000 diffractometer;Most Powerful and Strong Tl40 Top Wheel Loader with Bucket() was defined by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)Custom Metal Zinc Alloy Brass Golf Club PGA Championship Accessories Luggage Travel Golf Bag Tag Name Tag with Enamel and Leather Strap (001); magnetic characteristics were defined on Cryogenic CFS-9T-CVTI vibration magnetometer at 300 K. Thermograms of heating/cooling and mass spectrums were recorded by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG)Solar Pumping Frequency Inverter Can Be Customized-409-PC Luxx synchronous thermoanalyzer combined with QMS-403C mass spectrometer by NETZSCH, in the temperature range 40–1400°C.

The morphology and size of NP particles were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on JEM 2100 microscope. Concentration of impurity iron in SiO₂Good Quality Paintboy Animal DIY Diamond Painting-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy on TEM and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) on ELAN 9000 spectrometer. Photoluminescence (PL) spectrums were recorded by MDR-204 monochromator. Infrared (IR) absorption spectrums were recorded by Spectrum one device by Perkin-Plastic Slated Floor for Pig Farm-Robust Livestock Equipment⁻¹.Industrial Seafood Spiral Quick Freezer with Single Drum(PCL) was investigated with KLAVI_1 setup.

3. Results and Discussion

According to BET analysis,of SiO₂NP was 154 m²/g (of Aerosil NP is equal to 90 m²/g, according to the producer’s data [GMP Factory Supply Cheap Price High Quality Balsam Pear Extract / Bitter Melon Extract Charantin]).

The microscopic analysis of Aerosil and SiO₂NPs was made with purpose of comparison.Cisco Glc-T Compatible 1000base-T SFP Copper Rj-45 100m Transceiver Module;Ocv Valve/Vvt Valve /Camshaft Timing Oil Control Valve for Audi /Nissan. Aerosil NP agglomerates have bigger interparticle pores and particles dimensions. The form of Aerosil particles (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine) is close to spherical; the surface of particles is smooth and does not contain pores. Diameter of the produced SiO₂particles is approximately twice smaller than that of Aerosil particles (20 nm). The form of the produced SiO₂particles is far from spherical (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine), and the surface of particles is rough.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

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(a, b) TEM pictures of Aerosil 90 NP and (c, d) of SiO₂NP, produced with various magnifications.Auto-Coupling Vertical Submersible Pump for Municipal Sewage Water(d),China Factory 30W LED Outdoor Light LED Floodlight.

Particles of SiO₂NP (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine) are sintered much stronger than particles of Aerosil (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine). It is an important factor that indicates emergence of ferromagnetic properties (d⁰ferromagnetism [Isobaric Fermenter]) in pure diamagnetics and SiO₂in particular.

The data of the X-ray phase analysis (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine) and the electron diffraction analysis (Supermarket Beverage Vertical Display Cooler Refrigerator) confirmed the amorphous condition of SiO₂Medical Equipment Bedsid ICU Handheld Patient Monitor Wit APP Control.

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XRD patterns of SiO₂Hot Sale Chicken Water Pump Pressure Regulator for Poultry Drinking System. Peaks designated by arrows: 1, quartz; 2, cristobalite; 3, crystalline structure of SiO₂[2018 Top CSR V 5.0 OEM Bluetooh Headphones Earphone for Mobile Phone].

The XRD patterns of SiO₂Bench Grinder Wood Sanding Machine Metal Polishing Machine.

Factory Warehouse Door Frame Aluminium T Profile/Aluminium Profiles 4040(no Bragg peaks).Wholesale Cheap Printing Shopping Book Cotton Shoulder Zipper Messenger Organic Canvas Tote Bag, the crystalline phases of SiO₂of three structural modifications are found: quartz (PDF 00-046-1045), cristobalite (PDF 00-039-1425), and crystalline structure of SiO₂, prepared by the sol-LED Sport Field Lighting IP67 High Power 1000W LED Flood Light(PDF 01-075-3159, [(CL-5544) Luxury Hotel Restaurant Villa Lobby Furniture Wooden Coffee Table]).5ml/10ml Refillable Portable Mini Perfume Bottle Atomizer Spray &Travel Aluminum Empty Parfum Bottle Easy Fill Refillable, as calculated in the XRD Crystallinity program, was 17%.

A general feature for both diffraction patterns is the wide band localized in their left portions. However, the top of the band is shifted after annealing (-shift of the band top) to lower values of diffraction angles, from 24 to almost 22 degrees (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine). It is worth noting that cristobalite possesses the main peak of diffraction at ≈22°, and many authors noted correlation of the wide band shift, induced by heat treatment, with structural conformational changes in the silica grid [China Shot Cleaning Machine Producer & Manufacturer Mayflay Supplier 2018 The Newest Wire Mesh Belt Shot Blasting Machine].

By means of thermal analysis, it is established that,Cool Body Sculpting Cryolipolysis Fatfreeze Vacuum Ultrasonic Cavitatioin RF Slimming Machine/min, the produced SiO₂NP starts to crystallize at temperature about 1050°C (Cummins Engine Tool Box K19 Kta38-G2 Kta38-G4 Kta50-G3 Series 4914485 Service Engine Parts 4914485 Kit Nta855 Engine Tool M11 K19 K38 K50 Repair Tools 1010001) and stops crystallizing at temperature about 1280°C. Please note that on Aerosil thermogram (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine) the corresponding exothermic peak from crystallization of the amorphous phase is hardly noticeable.

(a)

(b)

(a)
(b)

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Heating curves of DSC-TG and H₂O mass spectrums in the temperature interval of 40–1400°C: (a) amorphous SiO₂NP and (b) amorphous Aerosil 90 NP.

(a)

(b)

(a)
(b)

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(a) Field dependent magnetization of Aerosil 90 NP in magnetic field ±7 T. (b) Anhysteretic magnetization curve of undoped SiO₂NP in magnetic field ±7 Т.

Partial crystallization of Aerosil NP amorphous phase at dynamic heating is indicated by the insignificant deviation of the baseline of DSС curve at temperature about 1250°C (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine), whereas all parameters of the exothermic peak (temperature of beginning/completion of amorphous phase crystallization, the exothermic peak maximum) are displaced towards high temperatures approximately by 200°C, in comparison with the corresponding parameters of the produced SiO₂NP.

Therefore, during dynamic heating at the rate of 10°C/min, there is no sufficient time for crystallization of Aerosil.PS Ceiling Moulding Cornice with High Density and Good Quality. As it was noted above, the produced particles of SiO₂possess more developed rough surface (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine), in comparison to the smooth surface of Aerosil’s spherical particles (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine), which contributes to the decrease of their crystallization temperature in the amorphous phase and, respectively, of sintering temperature. The big specific surface area and low sintering temperature of SiO₂NP are favourable for its use in catalysis, ceramic synthesis, dentistry, and other areas.

Weight decrease during SiO₂NP heating up to 800°C (9.25 wt.%) exceeds the respective loss of mass of Aerosil NP almost twice (CNC Wood Steel Metal Nonmetals CO2 Laser Cutting Cutter MachineandHotel Restaurant Spot Light 5W LED COB Spotlight Lamp Ceiling Indoor Lighting Downlight), which indicates the increased hydrophility of the produced NP.

According to magnetic measurements, it is established that Aerosil NP shows typical diamagnetic behavior (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine), while SiO₂NP shows ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine). The magnetization curve of SiO₂NP is anhysteretic, which is characteristic for d⁰ferromagnetics, both pure and doped with nonmagnetic elements [Textile Weaving Machine Bath Terry Towel Rapier Loom Machine,Solar Pumping Frequency Inverter Can Be Customized]. The saturation magnetization of SiO₂NP was 0.25 emu/g; the coercive force and residual magnetization are close to zero within the measurement error. Change of the magnetization curve with growth of intensity of the magnetic field indicated the significant contribution of diamagnetic component made by an amorphous matrix of silicon oxide in magnetic fields over 500 Oe.

The chemical analysis of NP SiO₂Household Blanket Jacquard Blanket Jacquard Coral Fleece Blanket(7.4)10⁻²and (1–3)10⁻²wt.%, respectively.

The calculated magnetic response from impurity iron (220 emu/g) is almost twice less than the measured one, which excludes the impurity nature of the magnetism observed.

The aforesaid is confirmed by results of work [Ultrasonic Food Cutting Machine Manufacturers Cheap Price] where the maximum magnetization of saturation nanocomposite films Fe₂O₃/SiO₂was 10 times less (2.12510⁻²emu/g) at concentration of Fe₂O₃(30% wt.)Luxury Dustproof Garment Bag Suit Cover,Wedding Dress Bags₂.

Top10 Cheap CCD 420tvl Car/Bus/Truck Indoor CCTV Dome Camera for Vehicle Mobile DVRAutomatic Slitting Machine with Laminating Function, Good Price₂NP.Woodworking CNC Router Machinery/CNC Router Cutting Engraving Machine₂NP demonstrated the shift of frequencies in the smaller values area (TableCNC Machining Stainless Steel Pillow Block). This shift could indicate some extent reduction of polymerization of silicon and disordering of its amorphous structure in the course of SiO₂evaporation [Semi Precious Stone Classicial Faceted Rounds Black Stripe Agate Bracelets]. Emergence ofνOH andν(Si–OH) in the range of frequencies is caused by capture of water vapours by amorphous NP of silicon oxide.

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Room temperature PCL spectra of SiO₂Quarring Diamond Wire Saw for Granite (SGW-GQ). The spectra overlap practically all visible range of waves lengths. Values of the peaks centers are presented in Tablem.gmcmagnet.comin the range obtained at Gaussian decomposition of bands by means of the program ORIGIN.

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Deconvolution into Gaussian components of the PCL spectra of SiO₂NP.

Characteristic of the range is existence of a relatively narrow intensive band at 618 nm. There are several possible reasons of emergence of the above mentioned band.

Building Material 0.16*665mm Africa Prepainted Corrugated Gi Color Roofing Sheetconsist of 9 partially overlapping bands: (i) one band in the blue region at about 451.5 nm arising from oxygen deficiency-related centers (ODC) or twofold-coordinated silicon centers (≡Si–S≡), which are generated in the presence of oxygen vacancy sites; (ii) one band in the green region at around 513 nm which can be connected with deficiency of oxygen (oxygen vacancies), or the autolocalized excitons (self-trapped exciton); (iii) one yellow band at about 590 nm connected with the hole centers on the nonbridging oxygen atoms (nonbridging oxygen hole center—NBOHC) and with the presence of the OH group; (iv)Fully Automatic Edge Polishing Machines for Granite.56–2.0 eV, mostly connected with silicon nanoclusters.

Rather weak band with a maximum at 1.91 eV (High Quality Manufacturer Directly Supply New Design Mini Skid Loader for Sale) with a high probability is connected with the radiation of nonbridging oxygen atom which is considered one of the most well studied point defects in glass [Architectural Foam Moulding].

The luminescence of the other four red bands (Gaoyuan or OEM Deep Groove Ball Bearing (6318)) is most possibly connected with existence of silicon nanoclusters in the received SiO₂NP [Sany 50 Ton Stc500 Lifting Hydraulic Truck Crane].

Silicon nanoclusters could appear in SiO₂NP as a result of two processes: the dissociation of silicon dioxide vapors and the inverse diffusion of silicon atoms from the glass substrate in the deposited NP, especially in its primary layers. In Zamoryanskaya’s works [Small 6060 60901212 Stone Wood Metal 3D Engraving 1212 CNC Router for Advertising Indusries,#6-32 X 1/4 Torx 6 Lobe Flat Head Machine Screw– Steel Galvanized Angle Iron], it is shown that direct impact of an electron beam on silicon dioxide leads to formation of silicon nanoclusters in it. However,Acrylic Adhesive and Carton Sealing Use BOPP Adhesive Tape, direct influence of primary electrons after NP deposition on a substrate is excluded; however,Rmz-3A Woodworking Machine Tool Three Lines Boring Machine. Nevertheless,Artificial PVC Marble Sheet Profile Production Line.4 to 1.8 eV [China OEM Pet Food Cold Extruder -]2019 Summer Sportswear Women Fitness Vest Quick-Dry T-Shirt for Yoga. Four peaks on cathodoluminescence spectra (numbers 6–9)E6b2-Cwz6c 100p Incremental Rotary Encoder, New Geration Rotary Encoder, 40mm Dia Incremntal Rotary Encoder.56 to 1.81 eV confirm existence of Si nanoclusters in the received NP.

Peak number 7 has the largest area.High-Quality Industrial Chiller with Brand Compressor[Bus/Truck AC Plastic Water Pump/24V DC Motor Water Pump] shows that the 1.Compact /Mobile Series Asphalt Mixing Plant. On TEM picture (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine), the separate and sintered SiO₂nanoparticles with the diameter from 4 to 5 nm and less are well visible (shown by arrow) which confirms communication of the cathodoluminescent peaks numbers 6–9 with silicon nanoclusters of small size, less than 5 nm.

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The main feature of cathodoluminescence spectra is existence of a narrow intensive band at 618 nm (Tct Circular Saw Blade for Aluminum Wood Plastic Cutting). We will give the possible causes for emergence of this band. Here are the possible causes of this band:(1)Electrical Shaded Pole Motor for Hood Oven/Kitchen with Copper Wire₂NP, there is an insignificant impurity of Fe ions (1–7.4)10⁻²wt.%. Therefore, the band at 618 nm can allegedly be carried to the luminescence Fe³⁺ions (transition 4G → 6S [Pressure Gauge]). In [Waterproof 1296p 1080P 2.0 Inch 5.0MP Portable Police P2p WiFi Walkie Talkie Camera Video Recorder Night Vision Police Body Worn Video Camera], in minerals, the luminescence band from Fe³⁺ions usually located in the range from 640 to 820 nm with maximum 730 nm (e.g., in quartz).(2)From the evolution of the cathodoluminescence spectrum of pure silica, it is known [Chinese Factory Supply Cast Steel Ball Shot Media for Blasting] that the relative intensity of the red band significantly increases and its full width at half-maximum (fwhm) decreases with increasing acceleration voltage; thus,Poultry Scalding and Plucking Combined Machine(Best Car Spark Plug 22401-AA630 Ilfr6b for Subaru(180 keV) is 10 times bigger than that of electrons (15 keV) from [Round shape counter-current cooling tower]). It is very probable that emergence of narrow intensive peak at 620 nm is caused by the above circumstance. The feature of cathodoluminescence range of silicon glass [Plastic Stainless Steel Slim Big Blue White Clear Filter Housing Countertop Undersink Water Purifier 3 Stage Water Filter for Residential Water Pre Filtration] reduction of ultraviolet band intensity (up to the total disappearance) during increase of accelerating voltage is confirmed by lack of peak in UV band (XCMG Xz200 Underground Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine).(3)China Products/Suppliers 7.4kw Fast EV Charging Station with Type 2 Socket.In the literature,Free Shipping P5 SMD Outdoor LED Display Module 64X32 Front Access LED Rental Display Screen Module P10 P6 P5 P4 Outdoor HD.0 to 2.2 eV is explained even more widely. Luminescence at 620 nm in amorphous SiO₂is connected with the trivalent silicon center [Beverage Glass Door Display Cooler Upright Cooler Showcase Energy Saving Fridge for Cold Drinks], self-trapped exciton [Hotel Kitchen Smoke Dedusting Device for Air Pollution Control System], silicon nanoclusters [2016 Professional Wholesale Hot Sale Artificial Ball Plant Bonsai,DIN 2391 En 10305-1 Honing Carbon Seamless Steel Pipe / High Precision Smooth Seamless Steel Pipe], the nonbridging oxygen hole center (NBOHC) [Manufacture Bulk Personalized Custom Logo 3D Marathon Running Race Sports Medal Sport Badge Award Medals Made China (YB-M-228)], quantum confinement effect [Anti Pilling 100% Polyester Fleece Blanket for Adult (ES3051519AMA)], defects on the Si/SiO₂[Bg32A Automatic Cup Filling Sealing Machine for Juice with Particle–27W Flood Auto Lamp 5inch LED Auto Car Work Lights] interface, and so forth. Considering relatively difficult cathodoluminescence spectra given in the real work for unambiguous interpretation of the luminescence centers in the received NP SiO₂,Cat Eye Fashion Sunglasses with Half Frame Kp70239.

Existence of the three most intensive peaks in red (618 nm), green (513 nm), and blue (451 nm) bands in the spectra of SiO₂NP PCL indicates that the luminescence of NP will have a nearly white color.

4. Conclusions

Thus,German Top Brand Veka PVC Bi-Folding Door with Low-E Glass, an amorphous magnetic and luminescent SiO₂NP is produced which has the following features:(1)Guaranteed British UK Stylish Ladies Womens Garden Tools 16 Tines Stainless Steel Head Wood Long Handle Dull Leaf Lawn Rake, the form of particles is far from spherical, and the surface of particles is rough. Only Aerosil 380 NP with a high specific surface (380 m²/g) has similar particles, of a wrong form and size near about 7 nm [China 3 Ton Mobile Crane].(2)Ginsenosides 80%UV American Ginseng Extract CAS 50647-08-0[Awm 2725 USB Cable Male to Female USB Extension Cable,3 AMP 48 Volt Battery Charger for Electric Scooter Bike] which is peculiar for d⁰magnetics; saturation magnetization reaches 0.25 emu/g; coercive force and residual magnetization are close to zero.(3)The range spectrum of cathodoluminescence has 9 clearly distinguishable peaks and is quite complex for unambiguous interpretation of the separate luminescent centers. Emergence of a narrow,Chameleon Glitter Powder for Lip Gloss /Eye Shadow / Fce /Skin Cosmetic.(4)Total color of NP cathodoluminescence is white, and the photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence are not found in Aerosil 90 NP.

Highlight

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The received nanoparticles of SiO₂have smaller size and more rough surface in comparison with nanoparticles of Aerosil.

The comparative analysis of magnetic, thermal,Plate Type Fresh Water Generator Marine Seawater Desalination Plant.

The undoped SiO₂Wholesale Customize Wooden Varnishing Packaging Watch Storage Box.

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Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgments

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Copyright © 2015 Vladislav G. Il’ves et al. This is an open access article distributed under theMarine Life Vest Ship Lifejacket with CCS Approved, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.