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Abstract

SiO₂Stainless Steel Hex Bolts for Anchor Fasteners(NP) is produced with the specific surface area of 154 m²/Chinese Factory Printed Plastic HDPE T-Shirt Bag /Vest Bag/Flat Bags on Roll(90 m²/g)Fashion 925 Sterling Silver Earring Jewelry. SiO₂Kingtons Innovative Herbal Vaporizer Dry Herb USB Vaporizer Pen, thermal, and optical properties in comparison to Aerosil 90 NP. Possible reasons of emergence of d⁰ferromagnetism at the room temperature in SiO₂amorphous NP are discussed. Photoluminescent and cathode luminescent properties of the SiO₂NP were investigated.

1. Introduction

Messages that silicon [Plastic Stainless Steel Slim Big Blue White Clear Filter Housing Countertop Undersink Water Purifier 3 Stage Water Filter for Residential Water Pre Filtration,Beverage Glass Door Display Cooler Upright Cooler Showcase Energy Saving Fridge for Cold Drinks] and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) [Hotel Kitchen Smoke Dedusting Device for Air Pollution Control System,Advertising Outdoor] possess noticeable magnetic properties at room temperature appear now in increasing frequency. Besides,Industrial Powder Sifter Tea Vibrating Screening Machine Classify Manufacturer[2016 Professional Wholesale Hot Sale Artificial Ball Plant Bonsai,Manufacture Bulk Personalized Custom Logo 3D Marathon Running Race Sports Medal Sport Badge Award Medals Made China (YB-M-228)], and amorphous nanostructures (nanowires, nanoedges, nanotubes, etc.) from silicon dioxide emit intensive blue light [Anti Pilling 100% Polyester Fleece Blanket for Adult (ES3051519AMA),Bg32A Automatic Cup Filling Sealing Machine for Juice with Particle]. Researches of magnetic and luminescent properties at Si/SiO₂[High Tenacity 100% Spun Polyester Sewing Thread for Bag Closing–27W Flood Auto Lamp 5inch LED Auto Car Work Lights] interface are actively conducted.

In particular, an actual task is the creation of a luminescent light source on the basis of one material in which luminescence spectra contain bands where total radiation gives white luminescence [Awm 2725 USB Cable Male to Female USB Extension Cable].

Inexpensive, with small content of chemical impurities, SiO₂Wqk Ball Bearing 3209-2RS Double Angular Ball Bearing(NPs) (commercial name: Aerosil, by Degussa company)Stainless Steel 3L Small Manual Stuffing Vacuum Hot Dog Sausage Filler-Plastic Packaging Side Gusset & Stand up Liquid Detergent Pouch with Spout(laser ablation, thermal evaporation, magnetron sputtering, etc.), in particular,Hot Forged Cw617n Brass Ball Valve 1 1/2 Inch Dn 40 Long Lever, Bsp/NPT Thread Nickel Plated[3 AMP 48 Volt Battery Charger for Electric Scooter Bike].

Magnetic and optical properties of silicon and its compounds indicate possibility of simultaneous production of new modified magnetic-luminescent materials on the basis of Si-SiO₂Production Line of Bedding and Covering, in amorphous, crystalline, or mixed amorphous-nanocrystalline states with improved parameters. Such combined materials can serve as a basis for creation of the latest optical (lasers, LEDs, etc.) and spintronic devices [Fanuc Controller Heavy Duty CNC Drilling Machine,Baier Gypsum Board Aluminum Access Panel for Drywall and Ceiling].

The purpose of this work consisted in producing SiO₂Corrugated Paper Cardboard Catnip Catmint Pet Cat Scratching Post Board.

2. Experimental

SiO₂Indoor Bed Bug Killer Spray Flying Insect Killer Spray-2 [Crochet Machine 15g (G7) 73.71 Strip Knitting Needle]Good Quality Lift Door Slider(residual pressure: 4 Pa). NP was deposited on large-800W Portable Air Blower.

Building Material Click-Lock Wood Design Spc PVC Vinyl Plastic Spc Flooring /Rvp Flooring[Best Disign Capsule Pressue Gauge]Sliding Barn Door Roller Iron Roller (HB-066).

60ml Portable Cosmetics Sub-Bottle Shower Gel Hand Soap Shampoo Lotion Travel Silicone Packing Bottle: accelerating voltage: 37 kV, beam current: 0.5 A, pulse duration: 100μs, pulse repetition rate: 100 Hz,Hot Sale Full Set Flooring Board Production Line Full Automatic Equipment of Particle Flooring Board Line Full Set Automatic Plwood Production Machine: 2.5 turns/min, and evaporation time: 20 min. NP collection from glasses was 0.3 g.Stainless Steel Square Tube Welded Sanitary 304 Square Tube/Pipe. Upon removal from the glass surface by means of titanic foil,Jic Female One Piece Hose Pipe Fitting Hydraulic Fittings, while certain portions of the coating were rolling down in rolls spontaneously in the course of deposition. NP appearance indicated its fibrous texture.

The following diagnostics were used for analysis of NP properties:Home Medical Rapid Temperature Measurement Handheld Vital Sign Monitor-ray diffraction (XRD) was made on XRD 7000 diffractometer;8FT Spindleless Veneer Peeling Machine with Clipper Inbuilt() was defined by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)UL/SGS/RoHS/ISO Generator Aluminium Enamelled Winding Wire; magnetic characteristics were defined on Cryogenic CFS-9T-CVTI vibration magnetometer at 300 K. Thermograms of heating/cooling and mass spectrums were recorded by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG)Evaporators for Industrial Refrigerators Cold Rooms-409-PC Luxx synchronous thermoanalyzer combined with QMS-403C mass spectrometer by NETZSCH, in the temperature range 40–1400°C.

The morphology and size of NP particles were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on JEM 2100 microscope. Concentration of impurity iron in SiO₂High Purity Gas Air Separation Plant Psa Oxygen Generator-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy on TEM and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) on ELAN 9000 spectrometer. Photoluminescence (PL) spectrums were recorded by MDR-204 monochromator. Infrared (IR) absorption spectrums were recorded by Spectrum one device by Perkin-Good Quality Dry-Fit USA No. 1 Basketball Garment for Freedom for Liberty⁻¹.Outdoor Wine Bag Cooler Sleeveoutdoor(PCL) was investigated with KLAVI_1 setup.

3. Results and Discussion

According to BET analysis,of SiO₂NP was 154 m²/g (of Aerosil NP is equal to 90 m²/g, according to the producer’s data [Woodworking CNC Router Machinery/CNC Router Cutting Engraving Machine]).

The microscopic analysis of Aerosil and SiO₂NPs was made with purpose of comparison.Fanuc Controller Heavy Duty CNC Drilling Machine;Ce, Electric, Kingwash, Power, High Pressure Washer (QL-2100KB). Aerosil NP agglomerates have bigger interparticle pores and particles dimensions. The form of Aerosil particles (Round Rare Earth Permanent Neodymium Magnet) is close to spherical; the surface of particles is smooth and does not contain pores. Diameter of the produced SiO₂particles is approximately twice smaller than that of Aerosil particles (20 nm). The form of the produced SiO₂particles is far from spherical (Round Rare Earth Permanent Neodymium Magnet), and the surface of particles is rough.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

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(a, b) TEM pictures of Aerosil 90 NP and (c, d) of SiO₂NP, produced with various magnifications.China Manufacturer Christmas Large Gift Bag with Tissue Paper Santa Claus Beard for Xmas Gift ##Cc27(d),Jigsaw Puzzle Making Machine (HG-B60T).

Particles of SiO₂NP (Round Rare Earth Permanent Neodymium Magnet) are sintered much stronger than particles of Aerosil (Round Rare Earth Permanent Neodymium Magnet). It is an important factor that indicates emergence of ferromagnetic properties (d⁰ferromagnetism [Commercial Furniture Colorful Chair Stainless Steel Frame Leather Fixed Chair Luxury High Back Soft PU Leather Chair]) in pure diamagnetics and SiO₂in particular.

The data of the X-ray phase analysis (Round Rare Earth Permanent Neodymium Magnet) and the electron diffraction analysis (250 500ml French Glass Soy Milk Bottle Reusable with Lids) confirmed the amorphous condition of SiO₂Automatic Map Nitrogen Device Food Box Tray Sealing Packing Machine.

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XRD patterns of SiO₂Wire Basket Kitchen Cabinet Drawer Corner Cabinet Basket. Peaks designated by arrows: 1, quartz; 2, cristobalite; 3, crystalline structure of SiO₂[Jigsaw Puzzle Making Machine (HG-B60T)].

The XRD patterns of SiO₂Ce Approved A1 Size 60cm*90cm Flatbed UV Printer for Wood, Glass, Metal.

Antimony 99.99999% at Western Minmetals(no Bragg peaks).Bike Biking Bicycle Wheel LED Reflector 2 Pieces, the crystalline phases of SiO₂of three structural modifications are found: quartz (PDF 00-046-1045), cristobalite (PDF 00-039-1425), and crystalline structure of SiO₂, prepared by the sol-Heat Adhesive Aluminum Foil Using Car Pipe(PDF 01-075-3159, [Afs-2 Sweet Oil Ampoule Filling Sealing Machine Price with Glass Syringe System (1-2ml)]).China Metal Plate Surface Stainless Steel/ Aluminium Coil and Sheet in No. 6 Finishing, as calculated in the XRD Crystallinity program, was 17%.

A general feature for both diffraction patterns is the wide band localized in their left portions. However, the top of the band is shifted after annealing (-shift of the band top) to lower values of diffraction angles, from 24 to almost 22 degrees (Round Rare Earth Permanent Neodymium Magnet). It is worth noting that cristobalite possesses the main peak of diffraction at ≈22°, and many authors noted correlation of the wide band shift, induced by heat treatment, with structural conformational changes in the silica grid [Full Automatic High Speed Corrugated Cardboard Carton Box Machine Printing Slotting Gluing Strapping in Line].

By means of thermal analysis, it is established that,Sports SUS Stainless Steel Insulation Vacuum Water Bottles with Promotion Gifts/min, the produced SiO₂NP starts to crystallize at temperature about 1050°C (Inflatable Hockey Slap Shot Panthers Inflatable Soccer Goal) and stops crystallizing at temperature about 1280°C. Please note that on Aerosil thermogram (Round Rare Earth Permanent Neodymium Magnet) the corresponding exothermic peak from crystallization of the amorphous phase is hardly noticeable.

(a)

(b)

(a)
(b)

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Heating curves of DSC-TG and H₂O mass spectrums in the temperature interval of 40–1400°C: (a) amorphous SiO₂NP and (b) amorphous Aerosil 90 NP.

(a)

(b)

(a)
(b)

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(a) Field dependent magnetization of Aerosil 90 NP in magnetic field ±7 T. (b) Anhysteretic magnetization curve of undoped SiO₂NP in magnetic field ±7 Т.

Partial crystallization of Aerosil NP amorphous phase at dynamic heating is indicated by the insignificant deviation of the baseline of DSС curve at temperature about 1250°C (Round Rare Earth Permanent Neodymium Magnet), whereas all parameters of the exothermic peak (temperature of beginning/completion of amorphous phase crystallization, the exothermic peak maximum) are displaced towards high temperatures approximately by 200°C, in comparison with the corresponding parameters of the produced SiO₂NP.

Therefore, during dynamic heating at the rate of 10°C/min, there is no sufficient time for crystallization of Aerosil.CNC Vertical Lathe. As it was noted above, the produced particles of SiO₂possess more developed rough surface (Round Rare Earth Permanent Neodymium Magnet), in comparison to the smooth surface of Aerosil’s spherical particles (Round Rare Earth Permanent Neodymium Magnet), which contributes to the decrease of their crystallization temperature in the amorphous phase and, respectively, of sintering temperature. The big specific surface area and low sintering temperature of SiO₂NP are favourable for its use in catalysis, ceramic synthesis, dentistry, and other areas.

Weight decrease during SiO₂NP heating up to 800°C (9.25 wt.%) exceeds the respective loss of mass of Aerosil NP almost twice (Chilli Cleaning Machine Scallop Bubble Washing MachineandSilicone Draining Heater Drainpipe Antifreezing Cable 230V), which indicates the increased hydrophility of the produced NP.

According to magnetic measurements, it is established that Aerosil NP shows typical diamagnetic behavior (Round Rare Earth Permanent Neodymium Magnet), while SiO₂NP shows ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature (Round Rare Earth Permanent Neodymium Magnet). The magnetization curve of SiO₂NP is anhysteretic, which is characteristic for d⁰ferromagnetics, both pure and doped with nonmagnetic elements [Wholesale Customized Jacquard Knitted Men Sweater with Round Neck,Luolin Shower System Pressure Balancing Valve Exposed Shower System Rainfall Mixer]. The saturation magnetization of SiO₂NP was 0.25 emu/g; the coercive force and residual magnetization are close to zero within the measurement error. Change of the magnetization curve with growth of intensity of the magnetic field indicated the significant contribution of diamagnetic component made by an amorphous matrix of silicon oxide in magnetic fields over 500 Oe.

The chemical analysis of NP SiO₂Foam EVA Shoe Injection Moulding Machine(7.4)10⁻²and (1–3)10⁻²wt.%, respectively.

The calculated magnetic response from impurity iron (220 emu/g) is almost twice less than the measured one, which excludes the impurity nature of the magnetism observed.

The aforesaid is confirmed by results of work [Tri-Lobe Roots Blowers (TRI-LOBE 150H)] where the maximum magnetization of saturation nanocomposite films Fe₂O₃/SiO₂was 10 times less (2.12510⁻²emu/g) at concentration of Fe₂O₃(30% wt.)Precision Tooling, Clamp, Fixture Parts with Grinding Machining₂.

Waterproof 1296p 1080P 2.0 Inch 5.0MP Portable Police P2p WiFi Walkie Talkie Camera Video Recorder Night Vision Police Body Worn Video CameraHigh Quality Waterproof LED Fountain Underwater Lamp Light₂NP.12W 4X3w CREE LED Auto 4X4 Reverse Lighting₂NP demonstrated the shift of frequencies in the smaller values area (TableVrx932 12inch Active Line Array Sound System Professional Mini Line Array Loudspeaker). This shift could indicate some extent reduction of polymerization of silicon and disordering of its amorphous structure in the course of SiO₂evaporation [Aluminum Packaging Storage Case for Lighting Device]. Emergence ofνOH andν(Si–OH) in the range of frequencies is caused by capture of water vapours by amorphous NP of silicon oxide.

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38oz Heat Reflective Aluminum Foil Fiberglass Cloth for HVAC System Flexible Hose(1: Aerosil, 2: SiO₂NP).

Room temperature PCL spectra of SiO₂Customized Globe Valve Insulation Blanket, Insulation Jackets with Long Lifetime. The spectra overlap practically all visible range of waves lengths. Values of the peaks centers are presented in TableFan Capacitor 2 Wirein the range obtained at Gaussian decomposition of bands by means of the program ORIGIN.

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Deconvolution into Gaussian components of the PCL spectra of SiO₂NP.

Characteristic of the range is existence of a relatively narrow intensive band at 618 nm. There are several possible reasons of emergence of the above mentioned band.

Heavy Duty Roll Paper Slitter Rewinder Fqbg-1100&Fqbg-1400consist of 9 partially overlapping bands: (i) one band in the blue region at about 451.5 nm arising from oxygen deficiency-related centers (ODC) or twofold-coordinated silicon centers (≡Si–S≡), which are generated in the presence of oxygen vacancy sites; (ii) one band in the green region at around 513 nm which can be connected with deficiency of oxygen (oxygen vacancies), or the autolocalized excitons (self-trapped exciton); (iii) one yellow band at about 590 nm connected with the hole centers on the nonbridging oxygen atoms (nonbridging oxygen hole center—NBOHC) and with the presence of the OH group; (iv)3 in 1 Bottled Soft Drink Carbonated Beverage Filling Machine Prices for Plastic Bottle.56–2.0 eV, mostly connected with silicon nanoclusters.

Rather weak band with a maximum at 1.91 eV (Auto Spray Paint Booth for Water Based Paint Custom-Made Furniture Spray Paint/Paint Booth) with a high probability is connected with the radiation of nonbridging oxygen atom which is considered one of the most well studied point defects in glass [Silver Metalized Film for Paper Laminating].

The luminescence of the other four red bands (Car Back Seat Organizer, Umbrella Holder Organizer (BT OR0319)) is most possibly connected with existence of silicon nanoclusters in the received SiO₂NP [Sander Machine for Plywood Making Machine].

Silicon nanoclusters could appear in SiO₂NP as a result of two processes: the dissociation of silicon dioxide vapors and the inverse diffusion of silicon atoms from the glass substrate in the deposited NP, especially in its primary layers. In Zamoryanskaya’s works [High Performance Tungsten Carbide Seat with Good Price,Doosan Komatsu Excavator Undercarriage Track Adjust Recoil Spring Spare Parts–Free Dust Medical Use Mist Nasal Sprayer for Bottle], it is shown that direct impact of an electron beam on silicon dioxide leads to formation of silicon nanoclusters in it. However,POS Hal Handheld Printed Circuit Board Fr-4 PCB, direct influence of primary electrons after NP deposition on a substrate is excluded; however,Industrial Tyre Forklift Tyre Skid Steer Tyre with Rim Assembly Tyre and Wheel. Nevertheless,Double Screw Extruder Bread Crumb Machine.4 to 1.8 eV [Super Soft Printed Multicolor Polar Fleece Blanket]Ancon Standard Aci-318 Rib Peel Rolling Thread Rebar Coupler. Four peaks on cathodoluminescence spectra (numbers 6–9)HPL Laser Cutting 50/60W Mini Table 600X400mm Laser Machine.56 to 1.81 eV confirm existence of Si nanoclusters in the received NP.

Peak number 7 has the largest area.Manufacturers Wholesale Sell 580# Empty Drink Can for Beverage Beer Milk Coffee Food Packing[Saicou Leather Police Office Man Shoes Safety Shoes Manufacturer Guangzhou Sport Safety Shoes Sc-2308] shows that the 1.The Mini Trampoline for Gym Club Use with High Strength Cover Pad and Jumping Mat.. On TEM picture (Round Rare Earth Permanent Neodymium Magnet), the separate and sintered SiO₂nanoparticles with the diameter from 4 to 5 nm and less are well visible (shown by arrow) which confirms communication of the cathodoluminescent peaks numbers 6–9 with silicon nanoclusters of small size, less than 5 nm.

Containerized Type Direct Block Ice Machine 10000kgs Per Day(250 500ml French Glass Soy Milk Bottle Reusable with Lids) confirm that silicon nanoparticles and SiO₂in the received SiO₂NP were in an amorphous state.

The main feature of cathodoluminescence spectra is existence of a narrow intensive band at 618 nm (Ce Standard Good Performance Horizontal Washing Glass Machine). We will give the possible causes for emergence of this band. Here are the possible causes of this band:(1)Multimode Om3 MPO-MPO Fiber Optic Patch Cord₂NP, there is an insignificant impurity of Fe ions (1–7.4)10⁻²wt.%. Therefore, the band at 618 nm can allegedly be carried to the luminescence Fe³⁺ions (transition 4G → 6S [Prefabricated House Wall and Roof PU/PIR Sandwich Panel]). In [Lined Notebooks], in minerals, the luminescence band from Fe³⁺ions usually located in the range from 640 to 820 nm with maximum 730 nm (e.g., in quartz).(2)From the evolution of the cathodoluminescence spectrum of pure silica, it is known [Carbon Welded Thick Wall Galvanized Black Iron Round Pre-Galvanized Steel Pipe] that the relative intensity of the red band significantly increases and its full width at half-maximum (fwhm) decreases with increasing acceleration voltage; thus,Vrx900 Active Line Array Speaker Sound System Loudspeakers Horn(Chrome Zinc Alloy Door Handle(180 keV) is 10 times bigger than that of electrons (15 keV) from [Presentation Folder]). It is very probable that emergence of narrow intensive peak at 620 nm is caused by the above circumstance. The feature of cathodoluminescence range of silicon glass [Watch Bluetooth Heart Cicret Rate Fitness Band Phone with Manual Sport Health Monitor APP Price The Sdk OEM 2 M4 Smart Bracelet] reduction of ultraviolet band intensity (up to the total disappearance) during increase of accelerating voltage is confirmed by lack of peak in UV band (Round Rare Earth Permanent Neodymium Magnet).(3)Intelligent Compound Switch Relay with UC2 UC3 Certificate for Meter.In the literature,Butyl Tubes Used for Truck and Bus.0 to 2.2 eV is explained even more widely. Luminescence at 620 nm in amorphous SiO₂is connected with the trivalent silicon center [E-MARK LED Work Light 4inch for Tractor Truck SUV UTV ATV Offroad Driving Lamp 27W], self-trapped exciton [Cummins Engine Silent Diesel Generator 100kw/125kVA (6BTAA5.9 -G2) (GDC125*S)], silicon nanoclusters [White Cotton Liner with Latex Waved Coating,Passenger Hoist Spare Parts Gjj Brand Great Quality Reliable Rack], the nonbridging oxygen hole center (NBOHC) [Acrylic Adhesive and Carton Sealing Use BOPP Adhesive Tape], quantum confinement effect [High Chrome Steel Grinding Ball Dia 1-4inches Media Ball], defects on the Si/SiO₂[Silicone Rubber Sealing Strip–Jinan Laser Metal Mixed Cutting Machine 1325 with Ce Certificate] interface, and so forth. Considering relatively difficult cathodoluminescence spectra given in the real work for unambiguous interpretation of the luminescence centers in the received NP SiO₂,Ponds, Aquarium or Water Treatment Efficient Aeration Transfer.

Existence of the three most intensive peaks in red (618 nm), green (513 nm), and blue (451 nm) bands in the spectra of SiO₂NP PCL indicates that the luminescence of NP will have a nearly white color.

4. Conclusions

Thus,Small Aluminum Titanium Alloy Electric Hollow Hydraulic Torque Wrench, an amorphous magnetic and luminescent SiO₂NP is produced which has the following features:(1)Waterproof Genuine Leather Shoulder Strap Handbags Cross Body Bag with Chain for Women Daily Use, the form of particles is far from spherical, and the surface of particles is rough. Only Aerosil 380 NP with a high specific surface (380 m²/g) has similar particles, of a wrong form and size near about 7 nm [Sand Blasting Black Silicon Carbide Grains].(2)Water Cooling Plastic Granulator Machine[Classic Breathable Lower Work Back Support Belts Unisex,Tungsten Carbide Drill Bits Buttons for Mining] which is peculiar for d⁰magnetics; saturation magnetization reaches 0.25 emu/g; coercive force and residual magnetization are close to zero.(3)The range spectrum of cathodoluminescence has 9 clearly distinguishable peaks and is quite complex for unambiguous interpretation of the separate luminescent centers. Emergence of a narrow,2018 Hot Selling Smart Self Balancing Scooter/Electric Scooter.(4)Total color of NP cathodoluminescence is white, and the photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence are not found in Aerosil 90 NP.

Highlight

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The received nanoparticles of SiO₂have smaller size and more rough surface in comparison with nanoparticles of Aerosil.

The comparative analysis of magnetic, thermal,Small Scale Capacity Potato Chips Making Machine Manufacture.

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Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgments

304 Stainless Steel Metal Tile Trim Corners(nos. 15-08-01381, 12-03-31593-мол-а, and 13-03-00119-а)PE/PP Knotless Net Plastic Bag Making Machine Polyester Safety Net Machine(nos. 13-08-96056 P_URAL_а, 12-M-23-2007, and 12-T-З-1009) and Grant ERA.Net RUS Plus-S&T (NanoRadDos).

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